Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996

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This is the latest version of this Act.

Alternative names

Constitution

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Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996

Published in Government Gazette 17678 on 18 December 1996
There are multiple commencements

Provisions	Status
Chapter 1 (section 1–6); Chapter 2 (section 7–39); Chapter 3 (section 40–41); Chapter 4 (section 42–82); Chapter 5 (section 83–102); Chapter 6 (section 103–150); Chapter 7, section 151–159, section 160(1)(a), 160(1)(c), 160(1)(d), 160(2), 160(3), 160(4), 160(5), 160(6), 160(7), 160(8), section 161, section 162–164; Chapter 8 (section 165–180); Chapter 9 (section 181–194); Chapter 10 (section 195–197); Chapter 11 (section 198–210); Chapter 12 (section 211–212); Chapter 13, subpart, section 217, section 219; subpart (section 220–222); subpart (section 223–225); Chapter 14 (section 231–243)	commenced on 4 February 1997 by Proclamation R6 of 1997. Note: See section 243(5).
Chapter 7, section 160(1)(b)	commenced on 30 June 1997 by Proclamation R6 of 1997.
Chapter 13, subpart, section 213–216, section 218; subpart (section 226–230)	commenced on 1 January 1998. Note: See section 243(5).
Chapter 7, section 159(1), 159(2), 159(3); Chapter 8, section 178(7), 178(8); Chapter 10, section 196(4)(g)	commenced on 7 October 1998 by Constitution Second Amendment Act, 1998.
Chapter 7, section 155(6A), section 157(4)(a), 157(4)(b)	commenced on 30 October 1998 by Constitution Third Amendment Act, 1998.
Chapter 5, section 93(1), 93(2); Chapter 13, subpart, section 230A	commenced on 21 November 2001 by Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001.
Chapter 4, subpart, section 73(2)(a), 73(2)(b), section 77(1)(a), 77(1)(b), 77(1)(c), 77(1)(d), 77(2)(a), 77(2)(b), 77(2)(c), 77(2)(d), 77(3); Chapter 6, subpart, section 120(1)(a), 120(1)(b), 120(1)(c), 120(1)(d), 120(2)(a), 120(2)(b), 120(2)(c), 120(2)(d), 120(3); Chapter 13, subpart, section 226(4)	commenced on 26 April 2002 by Constitution Seventh Amendment Act, 2001.
Chapter 4, subpart, section 61(2)(a)(i), 61(2)(a)(ii), 61(2)(b)(i), 61(2)(b)(ii), section 62(3)(a), 62(3)(b)	commenced on 20 June 2002 by Constitution Ninth Amendment Act, 2002.
Chapter 4, subpart, section 47(3)(c); Chapter 6, subpart, section 106(3)(c)	commenced on 20 March 2003 by Constitution Tenth Amendment Act, 2003.
Chapter 6, subpart, section 139(1)(c), 139(2)(a)(i), 139(2)(a)(ii), 139(2)(b)(i), 139(2)(b)(ii), 139(3)(a), 139(3)(b), 139(4), 139(5), 139(6), 139(7), 139(8)	commenced on 11 July 2003 by Constitution Eleventh Amendment Act, 2003.
Unknown provisions	commenced on 23 December 2005 by Constitution Twelfth Amendment Act, 2005.
Chapter 7, section 158(3)	commenced on 17 April 2009 by Constitution Fifteenth Amendment Act, 2008.
Chapter 2, section 28(1)(f)(iii); Chapter 8, section 165(6), section 167(3)(b)(i), 167(3)(b)(ii), section 168(3)(b)(i), 168(3)(b)(ii), 168(3)(b)(iii), section 169(1), 169(2), 169(3)	commenced on 23 August 2013 by Constitution Seventeenth Amendment Act, 2012.

[This is the version of this document from 23 August 2013.]

[Amended by Constitution First Amendment Act, 1997 on 4 February 1997]
[Amended by Constitution Second Amendment Act, 1998 on 7 October 1998]
[Amended by Constitution Third Amendment Act, 1998 on 30 October 1998]
[Amended by Constitution Fifth Amendment Act, 1999 on 19 March 1999]
[Amended by Constitution Fourth Amendment Act, 1999 on 19 March 1999]
[Amended by Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001 on 21 November 2001]
[Amended by Constitution Seventh Amendment Act, 2001 on 26 April 2002]
[Amended by Constitution Eighth Amendment Act, 2002 on 20 June 2002]
[Amended by Constitution Ninth Amendment Act, 2002 on 20 June 2002]
[Amended by Constitution Tenth Amendment Act, 2003 on 20 March 2003]
[Amended by Constitution Eleventh Amendment Act, 2003 on 11 July 2003]
[Amended by Constitution Seventh Amendment Act, 2001 on 1 December 2003]
[Amended by Citation of Constitutional Laws Act, 2005 (Act 5 of 2005) on 27 June 2005]
[Amended by Constitution Twelfth Amendment Act, 2005 on 1 March 2006]
[Amended by Constitution Thirteenth Amendment Act, 2007 on 14 December 2007]
[Amended by Constitution Sixteenth Amendment Act, 2009 on 3 April 2009]
[Amended by Constitution Fifteenth Amendment Act, 2008 on 17 April 2009]
[Amended by Constitution Fourteenth Amendment Act, 2008 on 17 April 2009]
[Amended by South African Police Service Amendment Act, 2012 (Act 10 of 2012) on 14 September 2012]
[Amended by Constitution Seventeenth Amendment Act, 2012 on 23 August 2013]

[Short Title of Act substituted by section 1 of Act 5 of 2005][From the date of commencement of Act 5 of 2005, no Act number is to be associated with the “Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Act No. 108 of 1996)”. Any reference to the “Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Act No. 108 of 1996)”, contained in any law in force immediately prior to the commencement of this Act, must be construed as a reference to the “Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996”][the expression “South African Human Rights Commission” substituted for the expression “Human Rights Commission”, wherever it occurred, by section 4 of the Constitution Second Amendment Act, 1998]To introduce a new Constitution for the Republic of South Africa and to provide for matters incidental thereto.

We, the people of South Africa,Recognise the injustices of our past;Honour those who suffered for justice and freedom in our land;Respect those who have worked to build and develop our country; andBelieve that South Africa belongs to all who live in it, united in our diversity.We therefore, through our freely elected representatives, adopt this Constitution as the supreme law of the Republic so as to -Heal the divisions of the past and establish a society based on democratic values, social justice and fundamental human rights;Lay the foundations for a democratic and open society in which government is based on the will of the people and every citizen is equally protected by law;Improve the quality of life of all citizens and free the potential of each person; andBuild a united and democratic South Africa able to take its rightful place as a sovereign state in the family of nations.May God protect our people.Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika. Morena boloka setjhaba sa heso.God seën Suid-Afrika. God bless South Africa.Mudzimu fhatutshedza Afurika. Hosi katekisa Afrika.

Chapter 1
Founding provisions

1. Republic of South Africa

The Republic of South Africa is one, sovereign, democratic state founded on the following values:

(a)Human dignity, the achievement of equality and the advancement of human rights and freedoms.

(b)Non-racialism and non-sexism.

(c)Supremacy of the constitution and the rule of law.

(d)Universal adult suffrage, a national common voters roll, regular elections and a multi-party system of democratic government, to ensure accountability, responsiveness and openness.

2. Supremacy of Constitution

This Constitution is the supreme law of the Republic; law or conduct inconsistent with it is invalid, and the obligations imposed by it must be fulfilled.

3. Citizenship

(1)There is a common South African Citizenship.

(2)All citizens are -

(a)equally entitled to the rights, privileges and benefits of citizenship; and

(b)equally subject to the duties and responsibilities of citizenship.

(3)National legislation must provide for the acquisition, loss and restoration of citizenship.

4. National anthem

The national anthem of the Republic is determined by the President by proclamation.

5. National flag

The national flag of the Republic is black, gold, green, white, red and blue, as described and sketched in Schedule 1.

6. Languages

(1)The official languages of the Republic are Sepedi, Sesotho, Setswana, siSwati, Tshivenda, Xitsonga, Afrikaans, English, isiNdebele, isiXhosa and isiZulu.

(2)Recognising the historically diminished use and status of the indigenous languages of our people, the state must take practical and positive measures to elevate the status and advance the use of these languages.

(3)

(a)The national government and provincial governments may use any particular official languages for the purposes of government, taking into account usage, practicality, expense, regional circumstances and the balance of the needs and preferences of the population as a whole or in the province concerned; but the national government and each provincial government must use at least two official languages.

(b)Municipalities must take into account the language usage and preferences of their residents.

(4)The national government and provincial governments, by legislative and other measures, must regulate and monitor their use of official languages. Without detracting from the provisions of subsection (2), all official languages must enjoy parity of esteem and must be treated equitably.

(5)A Pan South African Language Board established by national legislation must -

(a)promote, and create conditions for, the development and use of -

(i)all official languages;

(ii)the Khoi, Nama and San languages; and

(iii)sign language; and

(b)promote and ensure respect for -

(i)all languages commonly used by communities in South Africa, including German, Greek, Gujarati, Hindi, Portuguese, Tamil, Telegu and Urdu; and

(ii)Arabic, Hebrew, Sanskrit and other languages used for religious purposes in South Africa.

Chapter 2
Bill of Rights

7. Rights

(1)This Bill of Rights is a cornerstone of democracy in South Africa. It enshrines the rights of all people in our country and affirms the democratic values of human dignity, equality and freedom.

(2)The state must respect, protect, promote and fulfil the rights in the Bill of Rights.

(3)The rights in the Bill of Rights are subject to the limitations contained or referred to in section 36, or elsewhere in the Bill.

8. Application

(1)The Bill of Rights applies to all law, and binds the legislature, the executive, the judiciary and all organs of state.

(2)A provision of the Bill of Rights binds a natural or a juristic person if, and to the extent that, it is applicable, taking into account the nature of the right and the nature of any duty imposed by the right.

(3)When applying a provision of the Bill of Rights to a natural or juristic person in terms of subsection (2), a court -

(a)in order to give effect to a right in the Bill, must apply, or if necessary develop, the common law to the extent that legislation does not give effect to that right; and

(b)may develop rules of the common law to limit the right, provided that the limitation is in accordance with section 36(1).

(4)A juristic person is entitled to the rights in the Bill of Rights to the extent required by the nature of the rights and the nature of that juristic person.

9. Equality

(1)Everyone is equal before the law and has the right to equal protection and benefit of the law.

(2)Equality includes the full and equal enjoyment of all rights and freedoms. To promote the achievement of equality, legislative and other measures designed to protect or advance persons, or categories of persons, disadvantaged by unfair discrimination may be taken.

(3)The state may not unfairly discriminate directly or indirectly against anyone on one or more grounds, including race, gender, sex, pregnancy, marital status, ethnic or social origin, colour, sexual orientation, age, disability, religion, conscience, belief, culture, language and birth.

(4)No person may unfairly discriminate directly or indirectly against anyone on one or more grounds in terms of subsection (3). National legislation must be enacted to prevent or prohibit unfair discrimination.

(5)Discrimination on one or more of the grounds listed in subsection (3) is unfair unless it is established that the discrimination is fair.

10. Human dignity

Everyone has inherent dignity and the right to have their dignity respected and protected.

11. Life

Everyone has the right to life.

12. Freedom and security of the person

(1)Everyone has the right to freedom and security of the person, which includes the right -

(a)not to be deprived of freedom arbitrarily or without just cause;

(b)not to be detained without trial;

(c)to be free from all forms of violence from either public or private sources;

(d)not to be tortured in any way; and

(e)not to be treated or punished in a cruel, inhuman or degrading way.

(2)Everyone has the right to bodily and psychological integrity, which includes the right -

(a)to make decisions concerning reproduction;

(b)to security in and control over their body; and

(c)not to be subjected to medical or scientific experiments without their informed consent.

13. Slavery, servitude and forced labour

No one may be subjected to slavery, servitude or forced labour.

14. Privacy

Everyone has the right to privacy, which includes the right not to have -

(a)their person or home searched;

(b)their property searched;

(c)their possessions seized; or

(d)the privacy of their communications infringed.

15. Freedom of religion, belief and opinion

(1)Everyone has the right to freedom of conscience, religion, thought, belief and opinion.

(2)Religious observances may be conducted at state or state aided institutions, provided that -

(a)those observances follow rules made by the appropriate public authorities;

(b)they are conducted on an equitable basis; and

(c)attendance at them is free and voluntary.

(3)

(a)This section does not prevent legislation recognising -

(i)marriages concluded under any tradition, or a system of religious, personal or family law; or

(ii)systems of personal and family law under any tradition, or adhered to by persons professing a particular religion.

(b)Recognition in terms of paragraph (a) must be consistent with this section and the other provisions of the Constitution.

16. Freedom of expression

(1)Everyone has the right to freedom of expression, which includes -

(a)freedom of the press and other media;

(b)freedom to receive or impart information or ideas;

(c)freedom of artistic creativity; and

(d)academic freedom and freedom of scientific research.

(2)The right in subsection (1) does not extend to -

(a)propaganda for war;

(b)incitement of imminent violence; or

(c)advocacy of hatred that is based on race, ethnicity, gender or religion, and that constitutes incitement to cause harm.

17. Assembly, demonstration, picket and petition

Everyone has the right, peacefully and unarmed, to assemble, to demonstrate, to picket and to present petitions.

18. Freedom of association

Everyone has the right to freedom of association.

19. Political rights

(1)Every citizen is free to make political choices, which includes the right -

(a)to form a political party;

(b)to participate in the activities of, or recruit members for, a political party; and

(c)to campaign for a political party or cause.

(2)Every citizen has the right to free, fair and regular elections for any legislative body established in terms of the Constitution.

(3)Every adult citizen has the right -

(a)to vote in elections for any legislative body established in terms of the Constitution, and to do so in secret; and

(b)to stand for public office and, if elected, to hold office.

20. Citizenship

No citizen may be deprived of citizenship.

21. Freedom of movement and residence

(1)Everyone has the right to freedom of movement.

(2)Everyone has the right to leave the Republic.

(3)Every citizen has the right to enter, to remain in and to reside anywhere in, the Republic.

(4)Every citizen has the right to a passport.

22. Freedom of trade, occupation and profession

Every citizen has the right to choose their trade, occupation or profession freely. The practice of a trade, occupation or profession may be regulated by law.

23. Labour relations

(1)Everyone has the right to fair labour practices.

(2)Every worker has the right -

(a)to form and join a trade union;

(b)to participate in the activities and programmes of a trade union; and

(c)to strike.

(3)Every employer has the right -

(a)to form and join an employers' organisation; and

(b)to participate in the activities and programmes of an employers' organisation.

(4)Every trade union and every employers' organisation has the right -

(a)to determine its own administration, programmes and activities;

(b)to organise; and

(c)to form and join a federation.

(5)Every trade union, employers' organisation and employer has the right to engage in collective bargaining. National legislation may be enacted to regulate collective bargaining. To the extent that the legislation may limit a right in this Chapter, the limitation must comply with section 36(1).

(6)National legislation may recognise union security arrangements contained in collective agreements. To the extent that the legislation may limit a right in this Chapter, the limitation must comply with section 36(1).

24. Environment

Everyone has the right -

(a)to an environment that is not harmful to their health or well-being; and

(b)to have the environment protected, for the benefit of present and future generations, through reasonable legislative and other measures that -

(i)prevent pollution and ecological degradation;

(ii)promote conservation; and

(iii)secure ecologically sustainable development and use of natural resources while promoting justifiable economic and social development.

25. Property

(1)No one may be deprived of property except in terms of law of general application, and no law may permit arbitrary deprivation of property.

(2)Property may be expropriated only in terms of law of general application -

(a)for a public purpose or in the public interest; and

(b)subject to compensation, the amount of which and the time and manner of payment of which have either been agreed to by those affected or decided or approved by a court.

(3)The amount of the compensation and the time and manner of payment must be just and equitable, reflecting an equitable balance between the public interest and the interests of those affected, having regard to all relevant circumstances, including -

(a)the current use of the property;

(b)the history of the acquisition and use of the property;

(c)the market value of the property;

(d)the extent of direct state investment and subsidy in the acquisition and beneficial capital improvement of the property; and

(e)the purpose of the expropriation.

(4)For the purposes of this section -

(a)the public interest includes the nation's commitment to land reform, and to reforms to bring about equitable access to all South Africa's natural resources; and

(b)property is not limited to land.

(5)The state must take reasonable legislative and other measures, within its available resources, to foster conditions which enable citizens to gain access to land on an equitable basis.

(6)A person or community whose tenure of land is legally insecure as a result of past racially discriminatory laws or practices is entitled, to the extent provided by an Act of Parliament, either to tenure which is legally secure or to comparable redress.

(7)A person or community dispossessed of property after 19 June 1913 as a result of past racially discriminatory laws or practices is entitled, to the extent provided by an Act of Parliament, either to restitution of that property or to equitable redress.

(8)No provision of this section may impede the state from taking legislative and other measures to achieve land, water and related reform, in order to redress the results of past racial discrimination, provided that any departure from the provisions of this section is in accordance with the provisions of section 36(1).

(9)Parliament must enact the legislation referred to in subsection (6).

26. Housing

(1)Everyone has the right to have access to adequate housing.

(2)The state must take reasonable legislative and other measures, within its available resources, to achieve the progressive realisation of this right.

(3)No one may be evicted from their home, or have their home demolished, without an order of court made after considering all the relevant circumstances. No legislation may permit arbitrary evictions.

27. Health care, food, water and social security

(1)Everyone has the right to have access to -

(a)health care services, including reproductive health care;

(b)sufficient food and water; and

(c)social security, including, if they are unable to support themselves and their dependants, appropriate social assistance.

(2)The state must take reasonable legislative and other measures, within its available resources, to achieve the progressive realisation of each of these rights.

(3)No one may be refused emergency medical treatment.

28. Children

(1)Every child has the right -

(a)to a name and a nationality from birth;

(b)to family care or parental care, or to appropriate alternative care when removed from the family environment;

(c)to basic nutrition, shelter, basic health care services and social services;

(d)to be protected from maltreatment, neglect, abuse or degradation;

(e)to be protected from exploitative labour practices;

(f)not to be required or permitted to perform work or provide services that -

(i)are inappropriate for a person of that child's age; or

(ii)place at risk the child's well-being, education, physical or mental health or spiritual, moral or social development;

(g)not to be detained except as a measure of last resort, in which case, in addition to the rights a child enjoys under sections 12 and 35, the child may be detained only for the shortest appropriate period of time, and has the right to be -

(i)kept separately from detained persons over the age of 18 years; and

(ii)treated in a manner, and kept in conditions, that take account of the child's age;

(h)to have a legal practitioner assigned to the child by the state, and at state expense, in civil proceedings affecting the child, if substantial injustice would otherwise result; and

(i)not to be used directly in armed conflict, and to be protected in times of armed conflict.

(2)A child's best interests are of paramount importance in every matter concerning the child.

(3)In this section "child" means a person under the age of 18 years.

29. Education

(1)Everyone has the right -

(a)to a basic education, including adult basic education; and

(b)to further education, which the state, through reasonable measures, must make progressively available and accessible.

(2)Everyone has the right to receive education in the official language or languages of their choice in public educational institutions where that education is reasonably practicable. In order to ensure the effective access to, and implementation of, this right, the state must consider all reasonable educational alternatives, including single medium institutions, taking into account -

(a)equity;

(b)practicability; and

(c)the need to redress the results of past racially discriminatory laws and practices.

(3)Everyone has the right to establish and maintain, at their own expense, independent educational institutions that -

(a)do not discriminate on the basis of race;

(b)are registered with the state; and

(c)maintain standards that are not inferior to standards at comparable public educational institutions.

(4)Subsection (3) does not preclude state subsidies for independent educational institutions.

30. Language and culture

Everyone has the right to use the language and to participate in the cultural life of their choice, but no one exercising these rights may do so in a manner inconsistent with any provision of the Bill of Rights.

31. Cultural, religious and linguistic communities

(1)Persons belonging to a cultural, religious or linguistic community may not be denied the right, with other members of that community -

(a)to enjoy their culture, practise their religion and use their language; and

(b)to form, join and maintain cultural, religious and linguistic associations and other organs of civil society.

(2)The rights in subsection (1) may not be exercised in a manner inconsistent with any provision of the Bill of Rights.

32. Access to information

(1)Everyone has the right of access to -

(a)any information held by the state; and

(b)any information that is held by another person and that is required for the exercise or protection of any rights.

(2)National legislation must be enacted to give effect to this right, and may provide for reasonable measures to alleviate the administrative and financial burden on the state.

33. Just administrative action

(1)Everyone has the right to administrative action that is lawful, reasonable and procedurally fair.

(2)Everyone whose rights have been adversely affected by administrative action has the right to be given written reasons.

(3)National legislation must be enacted to give effect to these rights, and must -

(a)provide for the review of administrative action by a court or, where appropriate, an independent and impartial tribunal;

(b)impose a duty on the state to give effect to the rights in subsections (1) and (2); and

(c)promote an efficient administration.

34. Access to courts

Everyone has the right to have any dispute that can be resolved by the application of law decided in a fair public hearing before a court or, where appropriate, another independent and impartial tribunal or forum.

35. Arrested, detained and accused persons

(1)Everyone who is arrested for allegedly committing an offence has the right -

(a)to remain silent;

(b)to be informed promptly -

(i)of the right to remain silent; and

(ii)of the consequences of not remaining silent;

(c)not to be compelled to make any confession or admission that could be used in evidence against that person;

(d)to be brought before a court as soon as reasonably possible, but not later than -

(i)48 hours after the arrest; or

(ii)the end of the first court day after the expiry of the 48 hours, if the 48 hours expire outside ordinary court hours or on a day which is not an ordinary court day;

(e)at the first court appearance after being arrested, to be charged or to be informed of the reason for the detention to continue, or to be released; and

(f)to be released from detention if the interests of justice permit, subject to reasonable conditions.

(2)Everyone who is detained, including every sentenced prisoner, has the right -

(a)to be informed promptly of the reason for being detained;

(b)to choose, and to consult with, a legal practitioner, and to be informed of this right promptly;

(c)to have a legal practitioner assigned to the detained person by the state and at state expense, if substantial injustice would otherwise result, and to be informed of this right promptly;

(d)to challenge the lawfulness of the detention in person before a court and, if the detention is unlawful, to be released;

(e)to conditions of detention that are consistent with human dignity, including at least exercise and the provision, at state expense, of adequate accommodation, nutrition, reading material and medical treatment; and

(f)to communicate with, and be visited by, that person's -

(i)spouse or partner;

(ii)next of kin;

(iii)chosen religious counsellor; and

(iv)chosen medical practitioner.

(3)Every accused person has a right to a fair trial, which includes the right -

(a)to be informed of the charge with sufficient detail to answer it;

(b)to have adequate time and facilities to prepare a defence;

(c)to a public trial before an ordinary court;

(d)to have their trial begin and conclude without unreasonable delay;

(e)to be present when being tried;

(f)to choose, and be represented by, a legal practitioner, and to be informed of this right promptly;

(g)to have a legal practitioner assigned to the accused person by the state and at state expense, if substantial injustice would otherwise result, and to be informed of this right promptly;

(h)to be presumed innocent, to remain silent, and not to testify during the proceedings;

(i)to adduce and challenge evidence;

(j)not to be compelled to give self-incriminating evidence;

(k)to be tried in a language that the accused person understands or, if that is not practicable, to have the proceedings interpreted in that language;

(l)not to be convicted for an act or omission that was not an offence under either national or international law at the time it was committed or omitted;

(m)not to be tried for an offence in respect of an act or omission for which that person has previously been either acquitted or convicted;

(n)to the benefit of the least severe of the prescribed punishments if the prescribed punishment for the offence has been changed between the time that the offence was committed and the time of sentencing; and

(o)of appeal to, or review by, a higher court.

(4)Whenever this section requires information to be given to a person, that information must be given in a language that the person understands.

(5)Evidence obtained in a manner that violates any right in the Bill of Rights must be excluded if the admission of that evidence would render the trial unfair or otherwise be detrimental to the administration of justice.

36. Limitation of rights

(1)The rights in the Bill of Rights may be limited only in terms of law of general application to the extent that the limitation is reasonable and justifiable in an open and democratic society based on human dignity, equality and freedom, taking into account all relevant factors, including -

(a)the nature of the right;

(b)the importance of the purpose of the limitation;

(c)the nature and extent of the limitation;

(d)the relation between the limitation and its purpose; and

(e)less restrictive means to achieve the purpose.

(2)Except as provided in subsection (1) or in any other provision of the Constitution, no law may limit any right entrenched in the Bill of Rights.

37. States of emergency

(1)A state of emergency may be declared only in terms of an Act of Parliament, and only when -

(a)the life of the nation is threatened by war, invasion, general insurrection, disorder, natural disaster or other public emergency; and

(b)the declaration is necessary to restore peace and order.

(2)A declaration of a state of emergency, and any legislation enacted or other action taken in consequence of that declaration, may be effective only -

(a)prospectively; and

(b)for no more than 21 days from the date of the declaration, unless the National Assembly resolves to extend the declaration. The Assembly may extend a declaration of a state of emergency for no more than three months at a time. The first extension of the state of emergency must be by a resolution adopted with a supporting vote of a majority of the members of the Assembly. Any subsequent extension must be by a resolution adopted with a supporting vote of at least 60 per cent of the members of the Assembly. A resolution in terms of this paragraph may be adopted only following a public debate in the Assembly.

(3)Any competent court may decide on the validity of -

(a)a declaration of a state of emergency;

(b)any extension of a declaration of a state of emergency; or

(c)any legislation enacted, or other action taken, in consequence of a declaration of a state of emergency.

(4)Any legislation enacted in consequence of a declaration of a state of emergency may derogate from the Bill of Rights only to the extent that -

(a)the derogation is strictly required by the emergency; and

(b)the legislation -

(i)is consistent with the Republic's obligations under international law applicable to states of emergency;

(ii)conforms to subsection (5); and

(iii)is published in the national Government Gazette as soon as reasonably possible after being enacted.

(5)No Act of Parliament that authorises a declaration of a state of emergency, and no legislation enacted or other action taken in consequence of a declaration, may permit or authorise -

(a)indemnifying the state, or any person, in respect of any unlawful act;

(b)any derogation from this section; or

(c)any derogation from a section mentioned in column 1 of the Table of Non-Derogable Rights, to the extent indicated opposite that section in column 3 of the Table.

Table of Non-Derogable Rights

1Section number	2Section title	3Extent to which the right is non-derogable
9	Equality	With respect to unfair discrimination solely on the grounds of race, colour, ethnic or social origin, sex, religion or language.
10	Human dignity	Entirely
11	Life	Entirely
12	Slavery, servitude and forced labour	With respect to subsections (1)(d) and (e) and (2)(c).
13	Freedom and security of the person	With respect to slavery and servitude
28	Children	With respect to:- subsection (1)(d) and (e);- the rights in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) of subsection (1)(g); and- subsection (1)(i) in respect of children of 15 years and younger.
35	Arrested, detained and accused persons	With respect to:- subsections (1)(a), (b) and (c) and (2)(d);- the rights in paragraphs (a) to (o) of subsection (3), excluding paragraph (d);- subsection (4); and- subsection (5) with respect to the exclusion of evidence if the admission of that evidence would render the trial unfair.

(6)Whenever anyone is detained without trial in consequence of a derogation of rights resulting from a declaration of a state of emergency, the following conditions must be observed:

(a)An adult family member or friend of the detainee must be contacted as soon as reasonably possible, and informed that the person has been detained.

(b)A notice must be published in the national Government Gazette within five days of the person being detained, stating the detainee's name and place of detention and referring to the emergency measure in terms of which that person has been detained.

(c)The detainee must be allowed to choose, and be visited at any reasonable time by, a medical practitioner.

(d)The detainee must be allowed to choose, and be visited at any reasonable time by, a legal representative.

(e)A court must review the detention as soon as reasonably possible, but no later than 10 days after the date the person was detained, and the court must release the detainee unless it is necessary to continue the detention to restore peace and order.

(f)A detainee who is not released in terms of a review under paragraph (e), or who is not released in terms of a review under this paragraph, may apply to a court for a further review of the detention at any time after 10 days have passed since the previous review, and the court must release the detainee unless it is still necessary to continue the detention to restore peace and order.

(g)The detainee must be allowed to appear in person before any court considering the detention, to be represented by a legal practitioner at those hearings, and to make representations against continued detention.

(h)The state must present written reasons to the court to justify the continued detention of the detainee, and must give a copy of those reasons to the detainee at least two days before the court reviews the detention.

(7)If a court releases a detainee, that person may not be detained again on the same grounds unless the state first shows a court good cause for re-detaining that person.

(8)Subsections (6) and (7) do not apply to persons who are not South African citizens and who are detained in consequence of an international armed conflict. Instead, the state must comply with the standards binding on the Republic under international humanitarian law in respect of the detention of such persons.

38. Enforcement of rights

Anyone listed in this section has the right to approach a competent court, alleging that a right in the Bill of Rights has been infringed or threatened, and the court may grant appropriate relief, including a declaration of rights. The persons who may approach a court are -

(a)anyone acting in their own interest;

(b)anyone acting on behalf of another person who cannot act in their own name;

(c)anyone acting as a member of, or in the interest of, a group or class of persons;

(d)anyone acting in the public interest; and

(e)an association acting in the interest of its members.

39. Interpretation of Bill of Rights

(1)When interpreting the Bill of Rights, a court, tribunal or forum -

(a)must promote the values that underlie an open and democratic society based on human dignity, equality and freedom;

(b)must consider international law; and

(c)may consider foreign law.

(2)When interpreting any legislation, and when developing the common law or customary law, every court, tribunal or forum must promote the spirit, purport and objects of the Bill of Rights.

(3)The Bill of Rights does not deny the existence of any other rights or freedoms that are recognised or conferred by common law, customary law or legislation, to the extent that they are consistent with the Bill.

Chapter 3
Co-operative government

40. Government of the Republic

(1)In the Republic, government is constituted as national, provincial and local spheres of government which are distinctive, interdependent and interrelated.

(2)All spheres of government must observe and adhere to the principles in this Chapter and must conduct their activities within the parameters that the Chapter provides.

41. Principles of co-operative government and intergovernmental relations

(1)All spheres of government and all organs of state within each sphere must -

(a)preserve the peace, national unity and the indivisibility of the Republic;

(b)secure the well-being of the people of the Republic;

(c)provide effective, transparent, accountable and coherent government for the Republic as a whole;

(d)be loyal to the Constitution, the Republic and its people;

(e)respect the constitutional status, institutions, powers and functions of government in the other spheres;

(f)not assume any power or function except those conferred on them in terms of the Constitution;

(g)exercise their powers and perform their functions in a manner that does not encroach on the geographical, functional or institutional integrity of government in another sphere; and

(h)co-operate with one another in mutual trust and good faith by -

(i)fostering friendly relations;

(ii)assisting and supporting one another;

(iii)informing one another of, and consulting one another on, matters of common interest;

(iv)co-ordinating their actions and legislation with one another;

(v)adhering to agreed procedures; and

(vi)avoiding legal proceedings against one another.

(2)An Act of Parliament must -

(a)establish or provide for structures and institutions to promote and facilitate intergovernmental relations; and

(b)provide for appropriate mechanisms and procedures to facilitate settlement of intergovernmental disputes.

(3)An organ of state involved in an intergovernmental dispute must make every reasonable effort to settle the dispute by means of mechanisms and procedures provided for that purpose, and must exhaust all other remedies before it approaches a court to resolve the dispute.

(4)If a court is not satisfied that the requirements of subsection (3) have been met, it may refer a dispute back to the organs of state involved.

Chapter 4
Parliament

42. Composition of Parliament

(1)Parliament consists of -

(a)the National Assembly; and

(b)the National Council of Provinces.

(2)The National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces participate in the legislative process in the manner set out in the Constitution.

(3)The National Assembly is elected to represent the people and to ensure government by the people under the Constitution. It does this by choosing the President, by providing a national forum for public consideration of issues, by passing legislation and by scrutinizing and overseeing executive action.

(4)The National Council of Provinces represents the provinces to ensure that provincial interests are taken into account in the national sphere of government. It does this mainly by participating in the national legislative process and by providing a national forum for public consideration of issues affecting the provinces.

(5)The President may summon Parliament to an extraordinary sitting at any time to conduct special business.

(6)The seat of Parliament is Cape Town, but an Act of Parliament enacted in accordance with section 76(1) and (5) may determine that the seat of Parliament is elsewhere.

43. Legislative authority of the Republic

In the Republic, the legislative authority -

(a)of the national sphere of government is vested in Parliament, as set out in section 44;

(b)of the provincial sphere of government is vested in the provincial legislatures, as set out in section 104; and

(c)of the local sphere of government is vested in the Municipal Councils, as set out in section 156.

44. National legislative authority

(1)The national legislative authority as vested in Parliament -

(a)confers on the National Assembly the power -

(i)to amend the Constitution;

(ii)to pass legislation, with regard to any matter, including a matter within a functional area listed in Schedule 4, but excluding, subject to subsection (2), a matter within a functional area listed in Schedule 5; and

(iii)to assign any of its legislative powers, except the power to amend the Constitution, to any legislative body in another sphere of government; and

(b)confers on the National Council of Provinces the power -

(i)to participate in amending the Constitution in accordance with section 74;

(ii)to pass, in accordance with section 76, legislation with regard to any matter within a functional area listed in Schedule 4 and any other matter required by the Constitution to be passed in accordance with section 76; and

(iii)to consider, in accordance with section 75, any other legislation passed by the National Assembly.

(2)Parliament may intervene, by passing legislation in accordance with section 76(1), with regard to a matter falling within a functional area listed in Schedule 5, when it is necessary -

(a)to maintain national security;

(b)to maintain economic unity;

(c)to maintain essential national standards;

(d)to establish minimum standards required for the rendering of services; or

(e)to prevent unreasonable action taken by a province which is prejudicial to the interests of another province or to the country as a whole.

(3)Legislation with regard to a matter that is reasonably necessary for, or incidental to, the effective exercise of a power concerning any matter listed in Schedule 4 is, for all purposes, legislation with regard to a matter listed in Schedule 4.

(4)When exercising its legislative authority, Parliament is bound only by the Constitution, and must act in accordance with, and within the limits of, the Constitution.

45. Joint rules and orders and joint committees

(1)The National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces must establish a joint rules committee to make rules and orders concerning the joint business of the Assembly and Council, including rules and orders -

(a)to determine procedures to facilitate the legislative process, including setting a time limit for completing any step in the process;

(b)to establish joint committees composed of representatives from both the Assembly and the Council to consider and report on Bills envisaged in sections 74 and 75 that are referred to such a committee;

(c)to establish a joint committee to review the Constitution at least annually; and

(d)to regulate the business of -

(i)the joint rules committee;

(ii)the Mediation Committee;

(iii)the constitutional review committee; and

(iv)any joint committees established in terms of paragraph (b).

(2)Cabinet members, members of the National Assembly and delegates to the National Council of Provinces have the same privileges and immunities before a joint committee of the Assembly and the Council as they have before the Assembly or the Council.

The National Assembly

46. Composition and election

(1)The National Assembly consists of no fewer than 350 and no more than 400 women and men elected as members in terms of an electoral system that -[introductory phrase of subsection (1) substituted by section 1 of the Constitution Tenth Amendment Act, 2003 and by section 1 of the Constitution Fifteenth Amendment Act, 2008]

(a)is prescribed by national legislation;

(b)is based on the national common voters roll;

(c)provides for a minimum voting age of 18 years; and

(d)results in general, in proportional representation.

(2)An Act of Parliament must provide a formula for determining the number of members of the National Assembly.

47. Membership

(1)Every citizen who is qualified to vote for the National Assembly is eligible to be a member of the Assembly, except -

(a)anyone who is appointed by, or is in the service of, the state and receives remuneration for that appointment or service, other than -

(i)the President, Deputy President, Ministers and Deputy Ministers; and

(ii)other office-bearers whose functions are compatible with the functions of a member of the Assembly, and have been declared compatible with those functions by national legislation;

(b)permanent delegates to the National Council of Provinces or members of a provincial legislature or a Municipal Council;

(c)unrehabilitated insolvents;

(d)anyone declared to be of unsound mind by a court of the Republic; or

(e)anyone who, after this section took effect, is convicted of an offence and sentenced to more than 12 months' imprisonment without the option of a fine, either in the Republic, or outside the Republic if the conduct constituting the offence would have been an offence in the Republic, but no one may be regarded as having been sentenced until an appeal against the conviction or sentence has been determined, or until the time for an appeal has expired. A disqualification under this paragraph ends five years after the sentence has been completed.

(2)A person who is not eligible to be a member of the National Assembly in terms of subsection (1)(a) or (b) may be a candidate for the Assembly, subject to any limits or conditions established by national legislation.

(3)A person loses membership of the National Assembly if that person—

(a)ceases to be eligible;

(b)is absent from the Assembly without permission in circumstances for which the rules and orders of the Assembly prescribe loss of membership; or

(c)ceases to be a member of the party that nominated that person as a member of the Assembly.

[subsection (3) substituted by section 2 of the Constitution Tenth Amendment Act, 2003 and by section 2 of the Constitution Fifteenth Amendment Act, 2008]

(4)Vacancies in the National Assembly must be filled in terms of national legislation.

48. Oath or affirmation

Before members of the National Assembly begin to perform their functions in the Assembly, they must swear or affirm faithfulness to the Republic and obedience to the Constitution, in accordance with Schedule 2.

49. Duration of National Assembly

(1)The National Assembly is elected for a term of five years.

(2)If the National Assembly is dissolved in terms of section 50, or when its term expires, the President, by proclamation, must call and set dates for an election, which must be held within 90 days of the date the Assembly was dissolved or its term expired. A proclamation calling and setting dates for an election may be issued before or after the expiry of the term of the National Assembly.[subsection (2) substituted by section 1 of the Constitution Fifth Amendment Act, 1999]

(3)If the result of an election of the National Assembly is not declared within the period established in terms of section 190, or if an election is set aside by a court, the President, by proclamation, must call and set dates for another election, which must be held within 90 days of the expiry of that period or of the date on which the election was set aside.

(4)The National Assembly remains competent to function from the time it is dissolved or its term expires, until the day before the first day of polling for the next Assembly.

50. Dissolution of National Assembly before expiry of its term

(1)The President must dissolve the National Assembly if -

(a)the Assembly has adopted a resolution to dissolve with a supporting vote of a majority of its members; and

(b)three years have passed since the Assembly was elected.

(2)The Acting President must dissolve the National Assembly if -

(a)there is a vacancy in the office of President; and

(b)the Assembly fails to elect a new President within 30 days after the vacancy occurred.

51. Sittings and recess periods

(1)After an election, the first sitting of the National Assembly must take place at a time and on a date determined by the Chief Justice, but not more than 14 days after the election result has been declared. The Assembly may determine the time and duration of its other sittings and its recess periods.[subsection (1) substituted by section 1 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

(2)The President may summon the National Assembly to an extraordinary sitting at any time to conduct special business.

(3)Sittings of the National Assembly are permitted at places other than the seat of Parliament only on the grounds of public interest, security or convenience, and if provided for in the rules and orders of the Assembly.

52. Speaker and Deputy Speaker

(1)At the first sitting after its election, or when necessary to fill a vacancy, the National Assembly must elect a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker from among its members.

(2)The Chief Justice must preside over the election of a Speaker, or designate another judge to do so. The Speaker presides over the election of a Deputy Speaker.[subsection (2) substituted by section 2 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

(3)The procedure set out in Part A of Schedule 3 applies to the election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker.

(4)The National Assembly may remove the Speaker or Deputy Speaker from office by resolution. A majority of the members of the Assembly must be present when the resolution is adopted.

(5)In terms of its rules and orders, the National Assembly may elect from among its members other presiding officers to assist the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker.

53. Decisions

(1)Except where the Constitution provides otherwise -

(a)a majority of the members of the National Assembly must be present before a vote may be taken on a Bill or an amendment to a Bill;

(b)at least one third of the members must be present before a vote may be taken on any other question before the Assembly; and

(c)all questions before the Assembly are decided by a majority of the votes cast.

(2)The member of the National Assembly presiding at a meeting of the Assembly has no deliberative vote, but -

(a)must cast a deciding vote when there is an equal number of votes on each side of a question; and

(b)may cast a deliberative vote when a question must be decided with a supporting vote of at least two thirds of the members of the Assembly.

54. Rights of certain Cabinet members and Deputy Ministers in the National Assembly

The President, and any member of the Cabinet or any Deputy Minister who is not a member of the National Assembly, may, subject to the rules and orders of the Assembly, attend and speak in the Assembly, but may not vote.[section 54 substituted by section 3 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

55. Powers of National Assembly

(1)In exercising its legislative power, the National Assembly may -

(a)consider, pass, amend or reject any legislation before the Assembly; and

(b)initiate or prepare legislation, except money Bills.

(2)The National Assembly must provide for mechanisms -

(a)to ensure that all executive organs of state in the national sphere of government are accountable to it; and

(b)to maintain oversight of -

(i)the exercise of national executive authority, including the implementation of legislation; and

(ii)any organ of state.

56. Evidence or information before National Assembly

The National Assembly or any of its committees may -

(a)summon any person to appear before it to give evidence on oath or affirmation, or to produce documents;

(b)require any person or institution to report to it;

(c)compel, in terms of national legislation or the rules and orders, any person or institution to comply with a summons or requirement in terms of paragraph (a) or (b); and

(d)receive petitions, representations or submissions from any interested persons or institutions.

57. Internal arrangements, proceedings and procedures of National Assembly

(1)The National Assembly may -

(a)determine and control its internal arrangements, proceedings and procedures; and

(b)make rules and orders concerning its business, with due regard to representative and participatory democracy, accountability, transparency and public involvement.

(2)The rules and orders of the National Assembly must provide for -

(a)the establishment, composition, powers, functions, procedures and duration of its committees;

(b)the participation in the proceedings of the Assembly and its committees of minority parties represented in the Assembly, in a manner consistent with democracy;

(c)financial and administrative assistance to each party represented in the Assembly in proportion to its representation, to enable the party and its leader to perform their functions in the Assembly effectively; and

(d)the recognition of the leader of the largest opposition party in the Assembly as the Leader of the Opposition.

58. Privilege

(1)Cabinet members, Deputy Ministers and members of the National Assembly -[introductory phrase of subsection (1) substituted by section 4 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

(a)have freedom of speech in the Assembly and in its committees, subject to its rules and orders; and

(b)are not liable to civil or criminal proceedings, arrest, imprisonment or damages for -

(i)anything that they have said in, produced before or submitted to the Assembly or any of its committees; or

(ii)anything revealed as a result of anything that they have said in, produced before or submitted to the Assembly or any of its committees.

(2)Other privileges and immunities of the National Assembly, Cabinet members and members of the Assembly may be prescribed by national legislation.

(3)Salaries, allowances and benefits payable to members of the National Assembly are a direct charge against the National Revenue Fund.

59. Public access to and involvement in National Assembly

(1)The National Assembly must -

(a)facilitate public involvement in the legislative and other processes of the Assembly and its committees; and

(b)conduct its business in an open manner, and hold its sittings, and those of its committees, in public, but reasonable measures may be taken -

(i)to regulate public access, including access of the media, to the Assembly and its committees; and

(ii)to provide for the searching of any person and, where appropriate, the refusal of entry to, or the removal of, any person.

(2)The National Assembly may not exclude the public, including the media, from a sitting of a committee unless it is reasonable and justifiable to do so in an open and democratic society.

National Council of Provinces

60. Composition of National Council

(1)The National Council of Provinces is composed of a single delegation from each province consisting of ten delegates.

(2)The ten delegates are -

(a)four special delegates consisting of -

(i)the Premier of the province or, if the Premier is not available, any member of the provincial legislature designated by the Premier either generally or for any specific business before the National Council of Provinces; and

(ii)three other special delegates; and

(b)six permanent delegates appointed in terms of section 61(2).

(3)The Premier of a province, or if the Premier is not available, a member of the province's delegation designated by the Premier, heads the delegation.

61. Allocation of delegates

(1)Parties represented in a provincial legislature are entitled to delegates in the province's delegation in accordance with the formula set out in Part B of Schedule 3.

(2)

(a)A provincial legislature must, within 30 days after the result of an election of that legislature is declared -

(i)determine, in accordance with national legislation, how many of each party's delegates are to be permanent delegates and how many are to be special delegates; and

(ii)appoint the permanent delegates in accordance with the nominations of the parties.

[subsection (2) substituted by section 1 of the Constitution Ninth Amendment Act, 2002 and by section 1 of the Constitution Fourteenth Amendment Act, 2008]

(3)The national legislation envisaged in subsection (2)(a) must ensure the participation of minority parties in both the permanent and special delegates' components of the delegation in a manner consistent with democracy.

(4)The legislature, with the concurrence of the Premier and the leaders of the parties entitled to special delegates in the province's delegation, must designate special delegates, as required from time to time, from among the members of the legislature.

62. Permanent delegates

(1)A person nominated as a permanent delegate must be eligible to be a member of the provincial legislature.

(2)If a person who is a member of a provincial legislature is appointed as a permanent delegate, that person ceases to be a member of the legislature.

(3)Permanent delegates are appointed for a term that expires -

(a)immediately before the first sitting of a provincial legislature after its next election.

[subsection (3) substituted by section 2 of the Constitution Ninth Amendment Act, 2002 and by section 2 of the Constitution Fourteenth Amendment Act, 2008]

(4)A person ceases to be a permanent delegate if that person -

(a)ceases to to be eligible to be a member of the provincial legislature for any reason other than being appointed as a permanent delegate;

(b)becomes a member of the Cabinet;

(c)has lost the confidence of the provincial legislature and is recalled by the party that nominated that person;

(d)ceases to be a member of the party that nominated that person and is recalled by that party; or

(e)is absent from the National council of Provinces without permission in circumstances for which the rules and orders of the Council prescribe loss of office as a permanent delegate.

(5)Vacancies among the permanent delegates must be filled in terms of national legislation:

(6)Before permanent delegates begin to perform their functions in the National Council of Provinces, they must swear or affirm faithfulness to the Republic and obedience to the Constitution, in accordance with Schedule 2.

63. Sittings of National Council

(1)The National Council of Provinces may determine the time and duration of its fittings and its recess periods.

(2)The President may summon the National Council of Provinces to an extraordinary sitting at any time to conduct special business.

(3)Sittings of the National Council of Provinces are permitted at places other than the seat of Parliament only on the grounds of public interest, security or convenience, and if provided for in the rules and orders of the Council.

64. Chairperson and Deputy Chairpersons

(1)The National Council of Provinces must elect a Chairperson and two Deputy Chairpersons from among the delegates.

(2)The Chairperson and one of the Deputy Chairpersons are elected from among the permanent delegates for five years unless their terms as delegates expire earlier.

(3)The other Deputy Chairperson is elected for a term of one year, and must be succeeded by a delegate from another province, so that every province is represented in turn.

(4)The Chief Justice must preside over the election of the Chairperson, or designate another judge to do so. The Chairperson presides over the election of the Deputy Chairpersons.[subsection (4) substituted by section 5 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

(5)The procedure set out in Part A of Schedule 3 applies to election of the Chairperson and the Deputy Chairpersons.

(6)The National Council of Provinces may remove the Chairperson or a Deputy Chairperson from office.

(7)In terms of its rules and orders, the National Council of Provinces may elect from among the delegates other presiding officers to assist the Chairperson and Deputy Chairpersons.

65. Decisions

(1)Except where the Constitution provides otherwise -

(a)each province has one vote, which is cast on behalf of the province by the head of its delegation; and: -

(b)all questions before the National Council of Provinces are agreed when at least five provinces vote in favour of the question.

(2)An Act of Parliament, enacted in accordance with the procedure established by either subsection (1) or subsection (2) of section 76, must provide for a uniform procedure in terms of which provincial legislatures confer authority on their delegations to cast votes on their behalf.

66. Participation by members of national executive

(1)Cabinet members and Deputy Ministers may attend, and may speak in, the National Council of Provinces, but may not vote.

(2)The National Council of Provinces may require a Cabinet member, a Deputy Minister or an official in the national executive or a provincial executive to attend a meeting of the Council or a committee of the Council.

67. Participation by local government representatives

Not more than ten part-time representatives designated by organised local government in terms of section 163, to represent the different categories of municipalities, may participate when necessary in the proceedings of the National Council of Provinces, but may not vote.

68. Powers of National Council

In exercising its legislative power; the National Council of Provinces may-

(a)consider, pass, amend, propose amendments to or reject any legislation before the Council, in accordance with this Chapter; and

(b)initiate or prepare legislation falling within a functional area listed in Schedule 4 or other legislation referred to in section 76(3), but may not initiate or prepare money Bills.

69. Evidence or information before National Council

The National Council of Provinces or any of its committees may -

(a)summon any person to appear before it to give evidence on oath or affirmation or to produce documents;

(b)require any institution or person to report it;

(c)compel, in terms of national legislation or the rules and orders, any person or institution to comply with a summons or requirement in terms of paragraph (a) or (b); and

(d)receive petitions, representations or submissions from any interested persons or institutions.

70. Internal arrangements, proceedings and procedures of National Council

(1)The National Council of Provinces may -

(a)determine and control its internal arrangements, proceedings and procedures; and

(b)make rules and orders concerning its business, with due regard to representative and participatory democracy, accountability, transparency and public involvement.

(2)The rules and orders of the National Council of Provinces must provide for -

(a)the establishment, composition, powers, functions, procedures and duration of its committees;

(b)the participation of all the provinces in its proceedings in a manner consistent with democracy; and

(c)the participation in the proceedings of the Council and its committees of minority parties represented in the Council, in a manner consistent with democracy, whenever a matter is to be decided in accordance with section 75.

71. Privilege

(1)Delegates to the National Council of Provinces and the persons referred to in sections 66 and 67 -

(a)have freedom of speech in the Council and in its committees, subject to its rules and orders; and

(b)are not liable to civil or criminal proceedings, arrest, imprisonment or damages for -

(i)anything that they have said in, produced before or submitted to the Council or any of its committees; or

(ii)anything revealed as a result of anything that they have said in, produced before or submitted to the Council or any of its committees.

(2)Other privileges and immunities of the National Council of Provinces, delegates to the Council and persons referred to in sections 66 and 67 may be prescribed by national legislation.

(3)Salaries, allowances and benefits payable to permanent members of the National Council of Provinces are a direct charge against the National Revenue Fund.

72. Public access to and involvement in National Council

(1)The National Council of Provinces must -

(a)facilitate public involvement in the legislative and other processes of the Council and its committees; and

(b)conduct its business in an open manner, and hold its sittings, and those of its committees, in oublic, but reasonable measures may be taken -

(i)to regulate public access, including access of the media, to the Council and its committees; and

(ii)to provide for the searching of any person and, where appropriate, the refusal of entry to, or the removal of, any person.

(2)The National Council of Provinces may not exclude the public, including the media, from a sitting of a committee unless it is reasonable and justifiable to do so in an open and democratic society.

National legislative process

73. Bills

(1)Any Bill may be introduced in the National Assembly.

(2)Only a Cabinet member or a Deputy Minister or a member or committee of the National Assembly, may introduce a Bill in the Assembly, but only the Cabinet member responsible for national financial matters may introduce the following Bills in the Assembly:

(a)a money Bill; or

(b)a Bill which provides for legislation envisaged in section 214.

[subsection (2) substituted by section 1(a) of the Constitution Seventh Amendment Act, 2001 on 26 April 2002]

(3)A Bill referred to in section 76(3), except a Bill referred to in subsection (2)(a) or (b) of this section, may be introduced in the National Council of Provinces.[subsection (3) substituted by section 1(b) of the Constitution Seventh Amendment Act, 2001 on 26 April 2002]

(4)Only a member or committee of the National Council of Provinces may introduce a Bill in the Council.

(5)A Bill passed by the National Assembly must be referred to the National Council of Provinces if it must be considered by the Council. A Bill passed by the Council must be referred to the Assembly.

74. Bills amending the Constitution

(1)Section 1 and this subsection may be amended by a Bill passed by -

(a)the National Assembly, with a supporting vote of at least 75 per cent of its members; and

(b)the National Council of Provinces, with a supporting vote of at least six provinces.

(2)Chapter 2 may be amended by a Bill passed by -

(a)the National Assembly, with a supporting vote of at least two thirds of its members; and

(b)the National Council of Provinces, with a supporting vote of at least six provinces.

(3)Any other provision of the Constitution may be amended by a Bill passed

(a)by the National Assembly, with a supporting vote of at least two thirds of its members; and

(b)also by the National Council of Provinces, with a supporting vote of at least six provinces, if the amendment -

(i)relates to a matter that affects the Council;

(ii)alters provincial boundaries, powers, functions or institutions; or

(iii)amends a provision that deals specifically with a provincial matter.

(4)A Bill amending the Constitution may not include provisions other than constitutional amendments and matters connected with the amendments.

(5)At least 30 days before a Bill amending the Constitution is introduced in terms of section 73(2), the person or committee intending to introduce the Bill must -

(a)publish in the national Government Gazette, and in accordance with the rules and orders of the National Assembly, particulars of the proposed amendment for public comment;

(b)submit, in accordance with the rules and orders of the Assembly, those particulars to the provincial legislatures for their views; and

(c)submit, in accordance with the rules and orders of the National Council of Provinces, those particulars to the Council for a public debate, if the proposed amendment is not an amendment that is required to be passed by the Council.

(6)When a Bill amending the Constitution is introduced, the person or committee introducing the Bill must submit any written comments received from the public and the provincial legislatures —

(a)to the Speaker for tabling in the National Assembly; and

(b)in respect of amendments referred to in subsection (1), (2) or (3)(b), to the Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces for tabling in the Council.

(7)A Bill amending the Constitution may not be put to the vote in the National Assembly within 30 days of -

(a)its introduction, if the Assembly is sitting when the Bill is introduced; or

(b)its tabling in the Assembly, if the Assembly is in recess when the Bill is introduced.

(8)If a Bill referred to in subsection (3)(b), or any part of the Bill, concerns only a specific province or provinces, the National Council of Provinces may not pass the Bill or the relevant part unless it has been approved by the legislature or legislatures of the province or provinces concerned.

(9)A Bill amending the Constitution has been passed by the National Assembly and, where applicable, by the National Council of Provinces, must be referred to the President for assent.

75. Ordinary Bills not affecting provinces

(1)When the National Assembly passes a Bill other than a Bill to which the procedure set out in section 74 or 76 applies, the Bill must be referred to the National Council of Provinces and dealt with in accordance with the following procedure:

(a)The Council must -

(i)pass the Bill;

(ii)pass the Bill subject to amendments proposed by it; or

(iii)reject the Bill.

(b)If the Council passes the Bill without proposing amendments, the Bill must be submitted to the President for assent.

(c)If the Council rejects the Bill or passes it subject to amendments, the Assembly must reconsider the Bill, taking into account any amendment proposed by the Council, and may -

(i)pass the Bill again, either, with or without amendments; or

(ii)decide not to proceed with the Bill.

(d)A Bill passed by the Assembly in terms of paragraph (c) must be submitted to the President for assent.

(2)When the National Council of Provinces votes on a question in terms of this section, section 65 does not apply; instead -

(a)each delegate in a provincial delegation has one vote;

(b)at least one third of the delegates must be present before a vote may be taken on the question; and

(c)the question is decided by a majority of the votes cast, but if there is an equal number of votes on each side of the question, the delegate presiding must cast a deciding vote.

76. Ordinary Bills affecting provinces

(1)When the National Assembly passes a Bill referred to in subsection (3), (4) or (5), the Bill must be referred to the National Council of Provinces and dealt with in accordance with the following procedure:

(a)The Council must -

(i)pass the Bill;

(ii)pass an amended Bill; or

(iii)reject the Bill.

(b)If the Council passes the Bill without amendment, the Bill must be submitted to the President for assent.

(c)If the Council passes an amended Bill, the amended Bill must be referred to the Assembly, and if the Assembly passes the amended Bill, it must be submitted to the President for assent.

(d)If the Council rejects the Bill, or if the Assembly refuses to pass the Bill referred to it in terms of paragraph (c), the Bill and, where applicable, also the amended Bill, must be referred to the Mediation Committee, which may agree on -

(i)the Bill as passed by the Assembly;

(ii)the amended Bill as passed by the Council; or

(iii)another version of the Bill.

(e)If the Mediation Committee is unable to agree within 30 days of the Bill’s referral to it, the Bill lapses unless the Assembly again passes the Bill, but with a supporting vote of at least two thirds of its members.

(f)If the Mediation Committee agrees on the Bill as passed by the Assembly, the Bill must be referred to the Council, and if the Council passes the Bill, the Bill must be submitted to the President for assent.

(g)If the Mediation Committee agrees on the amended Bill as passed by the Council, the Bill must be referred to the Assembly, and if it is passed by the Assembly, it must be submitted to the President for assent.

(h)If the Mediation Committee agrees on another version of the Bill, that version of the Bill must be referred to both the Assembly and the Council, and if it is passed by the Assembly and the Council, it must be submitted to the President for assent.

(i)If a Bill referred to the Council in terms of paragraph (f) or (h) is not passed by the Council, the Bill lapses unless the Assembly passes the Bill with a supporting vote of at least two thirds of its members.

(j)If a Bill referred to the Assembly in terms of paragraph (g) or (h) is not passed by the Assembly, that Bill lapses, but the Bill as originally passed by the Assembly may again be passed by the Assembly, but with a supporting vote of at least two thirds of its members.

(k)A Bill passed by the Assembly in terms of paragraph (e), (i) or (j) must be submitted to the President for assent.

(2)When the National Council of Provinces passes a Bill referred to in subsection (3), the Bill must be referred to the National Assembly and dealt with in accordance with the following procedure:

(a)The Assembly must -

(i)pass the Bill;

(ii)pass an amended Bill; or

(iii)reject the Bill.

(b)A Bill passed by the Assembly in terms of paragraph (a)(i) must be submitted to the President for assent.

(c)If the Assembly passes an amended Bill, the amended Bill must be referred to the Council, and if the Council passes the amended Bill, it must be submitted to the President for assent.

(d)If the Assembly rejects the Bill, or if the Council refuses to pass an amended Bill referred to it in terms of paragraph (c), the Bill and, where applicable, also the amended Bill must be referred to the Mediation Committee, which may agree on -

(i)the Bill as passed by the Council;

(ii)the amended Bill as passed by the Assembly; or

(iii)another version of the Bill.

(e)If the Mediation Committee is unable to agree within 30 days of the Bill’s referral to it, the Bill lapses.

(f)If the Mediation Committee agrees on the Bill as passed by the Council, the Bill must be referred to the Assembly, and if the Assembly passes the Bill, the Bill must be submitted to the President for assent.

(g)If the Mediation Committee agrees on the amended Bill as passed by the Assembly, the Bill must be referred to the Council, and if it is passed by the Council, it must be submitted to the President for assent.

(h)If the Mediation Committee agrees on another version of the Bill, that version of the Bill must be referred to both the Council and the Assembly, and if it is passed by the Council and the Assembly, it must be submitted to the President for assent.

(i)If a Bill referred to the Assembly in terms of paragraph (f) or (h) is not passed by the Assembly, the Bill lapses.

(3)A Bill must be dealt with in accordance with the procedure established by either subsection (1) or subsection (2) if it falls within a functional area listed in Schedule 4 or provides for legislation envisaged in any of the following sections:

(a)Section 65(2);

(b)section 163;

(c)section 182;

(d)section 195(3) and (4);

(e)section 196; and

(f)section 197.

(4)A Bill must be dealt with in accordance with the procedure established by subsection (1) if it provides for legislation -

(a)envisaged in section 44(2) or 220((3); or

(b)envisaged in Chapter 13, and which includes any provision affecting the financial interests of the provincial sphere of government.[paragraph (b) substituted by section 1 of the Constitution Eleventh Amendment Act, 2003]

(5)A Bill envisaged in section 42(6) must be dealt with in accordance with the procedure established by subsection (1), except that -

(a)when the National Assembly votes on the Bill, the provisions of section 53(1) do not apply; instead, the Bill may be passed only if a majority of the members of the Assembly vote in favour of it; and

(b)if the Bill is referred to the Mediation Committee, the following rules apply:

(i)If the National Assembly considers a Bill envisaged in subsection (1) (g) or (h), that Bill may be passed only if a majority of the members of the Assembly vote in favour ot it.

(ii)If the National Assembly considers or reconsiders a Bill envisaged in subsection (1)(e), (i) or (j), that Bill may be passed only if at least two thirds of the members of the Assembly vote in favour of it.

(6)This section does not apply to money Bills.

77. Money Bills

(1)A Bill is a money Bill if it—

(a)appropriates money;

(b)imposes national taxes, levies, duties or surcharges;

(c)abolishes or reduces, or grants exemptions from, any national taxes, levies, duties or surcharges; or

(d)authorises direct charges against the National Revenue Fund, except a Bill envisaged in section 214 authorising direct charges.

(2)A money Bill may not deal with any other matter except—

(a)a subordinate matter incidental to the appropriation of money;

(b)the imposition, abolition or reduction of national taxes, levies, duties or surcharges;

(c)the granting of exemption from national taxes, levies, duties or surcharges; or

(d)the authorisation of direct charges against the National Revenue Fund.

(3)All money Bills must be considered in accordance with the procedure established by section 75. An Act of Parliament must provide for a procedure to amend money Bills before Parliament.

[section 77 substituted by section 2 of the Constitution Seventh Amendment Act, 2001 on 26 April 2002]

78. Mediation Committee

(1)The Mediation Committee consists of-

(a)nine members of the National Assembly elected by the Assembly in accordance with a procedure that is prescribed by the rules and orders of the Assembly and results in the representation of parties in substantially the same proportion that the parties are represented in the Assembly; and

(b)one delegate from each provincial delegation in the National Council of Provinces, designated by the delegation

(2)The Mediation Committee has agreed on a version of a Bill, or decided a question, when that version, or one side of the question, is supported by -

(a)at least five of the representatives of the National Assembly; and

(b)at least five of the representatives of the National Council of Provinces.

79. Assent to Bills

(1)The President must either assent to and sign a Bill passed in terms of this Chapter or, if the President has reservations about the constitutionality of the Bill, refer it back to the National Assembly for reconsideration.

(2)The joint rules and orders must provide for the procedure for the reconsideration of a Bill by the National Assembly and the participation of the National Council of Provinces in the process.

(3)The National Council of Provinces must participate in the reconsideration of a Bill that the President has referred back to the National Assembly if -

(a)the President’s reservations about the constitutionality of the Bill relate to a procedural matter that involves the Council; or

(b)section 74(1), (2) or (3)(b) or 76 was applicable in the passing of the Bill.

(4)If, after reconsideration, a Bill fully accommodates the President’s reservations, the President must assent to and sign the Bill; if not, the President must either -

(a)assent to and sign the Bill; or

(b)refer it to the Constitutional Court for a decision on its constitutionality.

(5)If the Constitutional Court decides that the Bill is constitutional, the President must assent to and sign it.

80. Application by members of National Assembly to Constitutional Court

(1)Members of the National Assembly may apply to the Constitutional Court for an order declaring that all or part of an Act of Parliament is unconstitutional.

(2)An application -

(a)must be supported by at least one third of the members of the National Assembly; and

(b)must be made within 30 days of the date on which the President assented to and signed the Act.

(3)The Constitutional Court may order that all or part of an Act that is the subject of an application in terms of subsection (1) has no force until the Court has decided the application if -

(a)the interests of justice require this; and

(b)the application has a reasonable prospect of success.

(4)If an application is unsuccessful, and did not have a reasonable prospect of success, the Constitutional Court may order the applicants to pay costs.

81. Publication of Acts

A Bill assented to and signed by the President becomes an Act of Parliament, must be published promptly, and takes effect when published or on a date determined in terms of the Act.

82. Safekeeping of Acts of Parliament

The signed copy of an Act of Parliament is conclusive evidence of the provisions of that Act and, after publication, must be entrusted to the Constitutional Court for safekeeping.

Chapter 5
The President and national executive

83. The President

The President -

(a)is the Head of State and head of the national executive;

(b)must uphold, defend and respect the Constitution as the supreme law of the Republic; and

(c)promotes the unity of the nation and that which will advance the Republic.

84. Powers and functions of President

(1)The President has the powers entrusted by the Constitution and legislation, including those necessary to perform the functions of Head of State and head of the national executive.

(2)The President is responsible for -

(a)assenting to and signing Bills;

(b)referring a Bill back to the National Assembly for reconsideration of the Bill’s constitutionality;

(c)referring a Bill to the Constitutional Court for a decision on the Bill’s constitutionality;

(d)summoning the National Assembly, the National Council of Provinces or Parliament to an extraordinary sitting to conduct special business;

(e)making any appointments that the Constitution or legislation requires the President to make, other than as head of the national executive;

(f)appointing commissions of inquiry;

(g)calling a national referendum in terms of an Act of Parliament;

(h)receiving and recognising foreign diplomatic and consular representatives;

(i)appointing ambassadors, plenipotentiaries, and diplomatic and consular representatives;

(j)pardoning or reprieving offenders and remitting any fines, penalties or forfeitures; and

(k)conferring honours.

85. Executive authority of the Republic

(1)The executive authority of the Republic is vested in the President.

(2)The President exercises the executive authority, together with the other members of the Cabinet, by -

(a)implementing national legislation except where the Constitution or an Act of Parliament provides otherwise;

(b)developing and implementing national policy;

(c)co-ordinating the functions of state departments and administrators;

(d)preparing and initiating legislation; and

(e)performing any other executive function provided for in the Constitution or in national legislation.

86. Election of President

(1)At its first sitting after its election, and whenever necessary to fill a vacancy, the National Assembly must elect a woman or a man from among its members to be the President.

(2)The Chief Justice must preside over the election of the President, or designate another judge to do so. The procedure set out in Part A of Schedule 3 applies to the election of the President.[subsection (2) substituted by section 6 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

(3)An election to fill a vacancy in the office of President must be held at a time and on a date determined by the Chief Justice, but not more than 30 days after the vacancy occurs.[subsection (3) substituted by section 6 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

87. Assumption of office by President

When elected President, a person ceases to be a member of the National Assembly and, within five days, must assume office by swearing or affirming faithfulness to the Republic and obedience to the Constitution, in accordance with Schedule 2.

88. Term of office of President

(1)The President's term of office begins on assuming office and ends upon a vacancy occurring or when the person next elected President assumes office.

(2)No person may hold office as President for more than two terms, but when a person is elected to fill a vacancy in the office of President, the period between that election and the next election of a President is not regarded as a term.

89. Removal of President

(1)The National Assembly, by a resolution adopted with a supporting vote of at least two thirds of its members, may remove the President from office only on the grounds of -

(a)a serious violation of the Constitution or the law;

(b)serious misconduct; or

(c)inability to perform the functions of office.

(2)Anyone who has been removed from the office of President in terms of subsection (1) (a) or (b) may not receive any benefits of that office, and may not serve in any public office.

90. Acting President

(1)When the President is absent from the Republic or otherwise unable to fulfil the duties of President, or during a vacancy in the office of President, an office-bearer in the order below acts as President:

(a)The Deputy President.

(b)A Minister designated by the President.

(c)A Minister designated by the other members of the Cabinet.

(d)The Speaker until the National Assembly designates one of its other members.

(2)An Acting President has the responsibilities, powers and functions of the President.

(3)Before assuming the responsibilities, powers and functions of the President, the Acting President must swear or affirm faithfulness to the Republic and obedience to the Constitution, in accordance with Schedule 2.

(4)A person who as Acting President has sworn or affirmed faithfulness to the Republic need not repeat the swearing or affirming procedure for any subsequent term as Acting President during the period ending when the person next elected President assumes office.[subsection (4) added by section 1 of the Constitution First Amendment Act, 1997]

91. Cabinet

(1)The Cabinet consists of the President, as head of the Cabinet, a Deputy President and Ministers.

(2)The President appoints the Deputy President and Ministers, assigns their powers and functions, and may dismiss them.

(3)The President -

(a)must select the Deputy President from among the members of the National Assembly;

(b)may select any number of Ministers from among the members of the Assembly; and

(c)may select no more than two Ministers from outside the Assembly.

(4)The President must appoint a member of the Cabinet to be the leader of government business in the National Assembly.

(5)The Deputy President must assist the President in the execution of the functions of government.

92. Accountability and responsibilities

(1)The Deputy President and Ministers are responsible for the powers and functions of the executive assigned to them by the President.

(2)Members of the Cabinet are accountable collectively and individually to Parliament for the exercise of their powers and the performance of their functions.

(3)Members of the Cabinet must -

(a)act in accordance with the Constitution; and

(b)provide Parliament with full and regular reports concerning matters under their control.

93. Deputy Ministers

(1)The President may appoint—

(a)any number of Deputy Ministers from among the members of the National Assembly; and

(b)no more than two Deputy Ministers from outside the Assembly, to assist the members of the Cabinet, and may dismiss them.

(2)Deputy Ministers appointed in terms of subsection (1)(b) are accountable to Parliament for the exercise of their powers and the performance of their functions.

[section 93 substituted by section 7 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

94. Continuation of Cabinet after elections

When an election of the National Assembly is held, the Cabinet, the Deputy President, Ministers and any Deputy Ministers remain competent to function until the person elected President by the next Assembly assumes office.

95. Oath or affirmation

Before the Deputy President, Ministers and any Deputy Ministers begin to perform their functions, they must swear or affirm faithfulness to the Republic and obedience to the Constitution, in accordance with Schedule 2.

96. Conduct of Cabinet members and Deputy Ministers

(1)Members of the Cabinet and Deputy Ministers must act in accordance with a code of ethics prescribed by national legislation.

(2)Members of the Cabinet and Deputy Ministers may not -

(a)undertake any other paid work;

(b)act in any way that is inconsistent with their office, or expose themselves to any situation involving the risk of a conflict between their official responsibilities and private interests; or

(c)use their position or any information entrusted to them, to enrich themselves or improperly benefit any other person.

97. Transfer of functions

The President by proclamation may transfer to a member of the Cabinet -

(a)the administration of any legislation entrusted to another member; or

(b)any power or function entrusted by legislation to another member.

98. Temporary assignment of functions

The President may assign to a Cabinet member any power or function of another member who is absent from office or is unable to exercise that power or perform that function.

99. Assignment of functions

A Cabinet member may assign any power or function that is to be exercised or performed in terms of an Act of Parliament to a member of a provincial Executive Council or to a Municipal Council. An assignment-

(a)must be in terms of an agreement between the relevant Cabinet member and the Executice Council member or Municipal Council;

(b)must be consistent with the Act of Parliament in terms of which the relevant power or function is exercised or performed; and

(c)takes effect upon proclamation by the President.

100. National intervention in provincial administration

[heading substituted by section 2(a) of the Constitution Eleventh Amendment Act, 2003]

(1)When a province cannot or does not fulfil an executive obligation in terms of the Constitution or legislation, the national executive may intervene by taking any appropriate steps to ensure fulfilment of that obligation, including -[introductory phrase of subsection (1) substituted by section 2(b) of the Constitution Eleventh Amendment Act, 2003]

(a)issuing a directive to the provincial executive, describing the extent of the failure to fulfil its obligations and stating any steps required to meet its obligations; and

(b)assuming responsibility for the relevant obligation in that province to the extent necessary to -

(i)maintain essential national standards or meet established minimum standards for the rendering of a service;

(ii)maintain economic unity;

(iii)maintain national security; or

(iv)prevent that province from taking unreasonable action that is prejudicial to the interests of another province or to the country as a whole.

(2)If the national executive intervenes in a province in terms of subsection (1)(b)—

(a)it must submit a written notice of the intervention to the National Council of Provinces within 14 days after the intervention began;

(b)the intervention must end if the Council disapproves the intervention within 180 days after the intervention began or by the end of that period has not approved the intervention; and

(c)the Council must, while the intervention continues, review the intervention regularly and may make any appropriate recommendations to the national executive.

[subsection (2) substituted by section 2(c) of the Constitution Eleventh Amendment Act, 2003]

(3)National legislation may regulate the process established by this section.

101. Executive decisions

(1)A decision by the President must be in writing if it -

(a)is taken in terms of legislation; or

(b)has legal consequences.

(2)A written decision by the President must be countersigned by another Cabinet member if that decision concerns a function assigned to that other Cabinet member.

(3)Proclamations, regulations and other instruments of subordinate legislation must be accessible to the public.

(4)National legislation may specify the manner in which, and the extent to which, instruments mentioned in subsection (3) must be -

(a)tabled in Parliament; and

(b)approved by Parliament.

102. Motions of no confidence

(1)If the National Assembly, by a vote supported by a majority of its members, passes a motion of no confidence in the Cabinet excluding the President, the President must reconstitute the Cabinet.

(2)If the National Assembly, by a vote supported by a majority of its members, passes a motion of no confidence in the President, the President and the other members of the Cabinet and any Deputy Ministers must resign.

Chapter 6
Provinces

103. Provinces

(1)The Republic has the following provinces:

(a)Eastern Cape

(b)Free State

(c)Gauteng

(d)KwaZulu-Natal

(e)Limpopo

(f)Mpumalanga

(g)Northern Cape

(h)North West

(i)Western Cape

(2)The geographical areas of the respective provinces comprise the sum of the indicated geographical areas reflected in the various maps referred to in the Notice listed in Schedule 1A.

(3)

(a)Whenever the geographical area of a province is re-determined by an amendment to the Constitution, an Act of Parliament may provide for measures to regulate, within a reasonable time, the legal, practical and any other consequences of the re-determination.

(b)An Act of Parliament envisaged in paragraph (a) may be enacted and implemented before such amendment to the Constitution takes effect, but any provincial functions, assets, rights, obligations, duties or liabilities may only be transferred in terms of that Act after that amendment to the Constitution takes effect.

[section 103 amended by section 3 of the Constitution Eleventh Amendment Act, 2003 and substituted by section 1 of the Constitution Twelfth Amendment Act, 2005]

Provincial legislatures

104. Legislative authority of provinces

(1)The legislative authority of a province is vested in its provincial legislature, and confers on the provincial legislature the power -

(a)to pass a constitution for its province or to amend any constitution passed by it in terms of sections 142 and 143;

(b)to pass legislation for its province with regard to -

(i)any matter within a functional area listed in Schedule 4;

(ii)any matter within a functional area listed in Schedule 5;

(iii)any matter outside those functional areas, and that is expressly assigned to the province by national legislation; and

(iv)any matter for which a provision of the Constitution envisages the enactment of provincial legislation; and

(c)to assign any of its legislative powers to a Municipal Council in that province.

(2)The legislature of a province, by a resolution adopted with a supporting vote of at least two thirds of its members, may request Parliament to change the name of that province.

(3)A provincial legislature is bound only by the Constitution and, if it has passed a constitution for its province, also by that constitution, and must act in accordance with, and within the limits of the Constitution and that provincial constitution.

(4)Provincial legislation with regard to a matter that is reasonably necessary for, or incidental to, the effective exercise of a power concerning any matter listed in Schedule 4, is for all purposes legislation with regard to a matter listed in Schedule 4.

(5)A provincial legislature may recommend to the National Assembly legislation concerning any matter outside the authority of that legislature, or in respect of which an Act of Parliament prevails over a provincial law.

105. Composition and election of provincial legislatures

(1)A provincial legislature consists of women and men elected as members in terms of an electoral system that -[introductory phrase of subsection (1) substituted by section 3 of the Constitution Tenth Amendment Act, 2003 and by section 3 of the Constitution Fourteenth Amendment Act, 2008]

(a)is prescribed by national legislation;

(b)is based on that province’s segment of the national common voters roll;

(c)provides for a minimum voting age of 18 years; and

(d)results, in general, in proportional representation.

(2)A provincial legislature consists of between 30 and 80 members. The number of members, which may differ among the provinces, must be determined in terms of a formula prescribed by national legislation.

106. Membership

(1)Every citizen who is qualified to vote for the National Assembly is eligible to be a member of a provincial legislature, except -

(a)anyone who is appointed by, or is in the service of, the state and receives remuneration for that appointment or service, other than -

(i)the Premier and other members of the Executive Council of a province; and

(ii)other office-bearers whose functions are compatible with the functions of a member of a provincial legislature, and have been declared compatible with those functions by national legislation;

(b)members of the National Assembly, permanent delegates to the National Council of Provinces or members of a Municipal Council;

(c)unrehabilitated insolvents;

(d)anyone declared to be of unsound mind by a court of the Republic; or

(2)A person who is not eligible to be a member of a provincial legislature in terms of subsection (1) (a) or (b) may be a candidate for the legislature, subject to any limits or conditions established by national legislation.

(3)A person loses membership of a provincial legislature if that person—

(a)ceases to be eligible;

(b)is absent from the legislature without permission in circumstances for which the rules and orders of the legislature prescribe loss of membership; or

(c)ceases to be a member of the party that nominated that person as a member of the legislature.

[subsection (3) substituted by section 4 of the Constitution Tenth Amendment Act, 2003 and by section 4 of the Constitution Fourteenth Amendment Act, 2008]

(4)Vacancies in a provincial legislature must be filled in terms of national legislation.

107. Oath or affirmation

Before members of a provincial legislature begin to perform their functions in the legislature, they must swear or affirm faithfulness to the Republic and obedience to the Constitution, in accordance with Schedule 2.

108. Duration of provincial legislatures

(1)A provincial legislature is elected for a term of five years.

(2)If a provincial legislature is dissolved in terms of section 109, or when its term expires, the Premier of the province, by proclamation, must call and set dates for an election, which must be held within 90 days of the date the legislature was dissolved or its term expired. A proclamation calling and setting dates for an election may be issued before or after the expiry of the term of a provincial legislature.[subsection (2) substituted by section 1 of the Constitution Fourth Amendment Act, 1999]

(3)If the result of an election of a provincial legislature is not declared within the period referred to in section 190, or if an election is set aside by a court, the President, by proclamation, must call and set dates for another election, which must be held within 90 days of the expiry of that period or of the date on which the election was setaside.

(4)A provincial legislature remains competent to function from the time it is dissolved or its term expires, until the day before the first day of polling for the next legislature.

109. Dissolution of provincial legislatures before expiry of term

(1)The Premier of a province must dissolve the provincial legislature if -

(a)the legislature has adopted a resolution to dissolve with a supporting vote of a majority of its members; and

(b)three years have passed since the legislature was elected.

(2)An Acting Premier must dissolve the provincial legislature if -

(a)there is a vacancy in the office of Premier; and

(b)the legislature fails to elect a new Premier within 30 days after the vacancy occurred.

110. Sittings and recess periods

(1)After an election, the first sitting of a provincial legislature must take place at a time and on a date determined by a judge designated by the Chief Justice, but not more than 14 days after the election result has been declared. A provincial legislature may determine the time and duration of its other sittings and its recess periods.[subsection (1) substituted by section 8 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

(2)The Premier of a province may summon the provincial legislature to an extraordinary sitting at any time to conduct special business.

(3)A provincial legislature may determine where it ordinarily will sit.

111. Speakers and Deputy Speakers

(1)At the first sitting after its election, or when necessary to fill a vacancy, a provincial legislature must elect a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker from among its members.

(2)A judge designated by the Chief Justice must preside over the election of a Speaker. The Speaker presides over the election of a Deputy Speaker.[subsection (2) substituted by section 9 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

(3)The procedure set out in Part A of Schedule 3 applies to the election of Speakers and Deputy Speakers.

(4)A provincial legislature may remove its Speaker or Deputy Speaker from office by resolution. A majority of the members of the legislature must be present when the resolution is adopted.

(5)In terms of its rules and orders, a provincial legislature may elect from among its members other presiding officers to assist the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker.

112. Decisions

(1)Except where the Constitution provides otherwise -

(a)a majority of the members of a provincial legislature must be present before a vote may be taken on a Bill or an amendment to a Bill;

(b)at least one third of the members must be present before a vote may be taken on any other question before the legislature; and

(c)all questions before a provincial legislature are decided by a majority of the votes cast.

(2)The member presiding at a meeting of a provincial legislature has no deliberative vote, but -

(a)must cast a deciding vote when there is an equal number of votes on each side of a question; and

(b)may cast a deliberative vote when a question must be decided witha supporting vote of at least two thirds of the members of the legislature.

113. Permanent delegates' rights in provincial legislatures

A province's permanent delegates to the National Council of Provinces may attend, and may speak in, their provincial legislature and its committees, but may not vote. The legislature may require a permanent delegate to attend the legislature or its committees.

114. Powers of provincial legislatures

(1)In exercising its legislative power, a provincial legislature may -

(a)consider, pass, amend or reject any Bill before the legislature; and

(b)initiate or prepare legislation, except money Bills.

(2)A provincial legislature must provide for mechanisms -

(a)to ensure that all provincial executive organs of state in the province are accountable to it; and

(b)to maintain oversight of -

(i)the exercise of provincial executive authority in the province, including the implementation of legislation; and

(ii)any provincial organ of state.

115. Evidence or information before provincial legislatures

A provincial legislature or any of its committees may -

(a)summon any person to appear before it to give evidence on oath or affirmation, or to produce documents;

(b)require any person or provincial institution to report to it;

(c)compel, in terms of provincial legislation or the rules and orders, any person or institution to comply with a summons or requirement in terms of paragraph (a) or (b); and

(d)receive petitions, representations or submissions from any interested persons or institutions.

116. Internal arrangements, proceedings and procedures of provincial legislatures

(1)A provincial legislature may -

(a)determine and control its internal arrangements, proceedings and procedures; and

(b)make rules and orders concerning its business, with due regard to representative and participatory democracy, accountability, transparency and public involvement.

(2)The rules and orders of a provincial legislature must provide for -

(a)the establishment, composition, powers, functions, procedures and duration of its committees;

(b)the participation in the proceedings of the legislature and its committees of minority parties represented in the legislature, in a manner consistent with democracy;

(c)financial and administrative assistance to each party represented in the legislature, in proportion to its representation, to enable the party and its leader to perform their functions in the legislature effectively; and

(d)the recognition of the leader of the largest opposition party in the legislature, as the Leader of the Opposition.

117. Privilege

(1)Members of a provincial legislature and the province’s permanent delegates to the National Council of Provinces -

(a)have freedom of speech in the legislature and in its committees, subject to its rules and orders; and

(b)are not liable to civil or criminal proceedings, arrest, imprisonment or damages for-

(i)anything that they have said in, produced before or submitted to the legislature or any of its committees; or

(ii)anything revealed as a result of anything that they have said in, produced before or submitted to the legislature or any of its committees.

(2)Other privileges and immunities of a provincial legislature and its members may be prescribed by national legislation.

(3)Salaries, allowances and benefits payable to members of a provincial legislature are a direct charge against the Provincial Revenue Fund.

118. Public access to and involvement in provincial legislatures

(1)A provincial legislature must -

(a)facilitate public involvement in the legislative and other processes of the legislature and its committees; and

(b)conduct its business in an open manner, and hold its sittings, and those of its committees, in public, but reasonable measures may be taken —

(i)to regulate public access, including access of the media, to the legislature and its committees; and

(ii)to provide for the searching of any person and, where appropriate, the refusal of entry to, or the removal of, any person.

(2)A provincial legislature may not exclude the public, including the media, from a sitting of a committee unless it is reasonable and justifiable to do so in an open and democratic society.

119. Introduction of Bills

Only members of the Executive Council of a province or a committee or member of a provincial legislature may introduce a Bill in the legislature; but only the member of the Executive Council who is responsible for financial matters in the province may introduce a money Bill in the legislature.

120. Money Bills

(1)A Bill is a money Bill if it—

(a)appropriates money;

(b)imposes provincial taxes, levies, duties or surcharges;

(c)abolishes or reduces, or grants exemptions from, any provincial taxes, levies, duties or surcharges; or

(d)authorises direct charges against a Provincial Revenue Fund.

(2)A money Bill may not deal with any other matter except—

(a)a subordinate matter incidental to the appropriation of money;

(b)the imposition, abolition or reduction of provincial taxes, levies, duties or surcharges;

(c)the granting of exemption from provincial taxes, levies, duties or surcharges; or

(d)the authorisation of direct charges against a Provincial Revenue Fund.

(3)A provincial Act must provide for a procedure by which the province’s legislature may amend a money Bill.

[section 120 substituted by section 3 of the Constitution Seventh Amendment Act, 2001 on 26 April 2002]

121. Assent to Bills

(1)The Premier of a province must either assent and sign a Bill passed by the provincial legislature in terms of this Chapter or if the Premier has reservations about the constitutionality of the Bill, refer it back to the legislature for reconsideration.

(2)If, after reconsideration, a Bill fully accommodates the Premier’s reservations, the Premier must assent to and sign the Bill; if not, the Premier must either -

(a)assent to and sign the Bill; or

(b)refer it to the Constitutional Court for a decision on its constitutionality.

(3)If the Constitutional Court decides that the Bill is constitutional, the Premier must assent to and sign it.

122. Application by members to Constitutional Court

(1)Members of a provincial legislature may apply to the Constitutional Court for an order declaring that all or part of a provincial Act is unconstitutional.

(2)An application -

(a)must be supported by at least 20 per cent of the members of the legislature; and

(b)must be made within 30 days of the date on which the Premier assented to and signed the Act.

(3)The Constitutional Court may order that all or part of an Act that is the subject of an application in terms of subsection (1) has no force until the Court has decided the application if -

(a)the interests of justice require this; and

(b)the application has a reasonable prospect of success.

(4)If an application is unsuccessful, and did not have a reasonable prospect of success, the Constitutional Court may order the applicants to pay costs.

123. Publication of provincial Acts

A Bill assented to and signed by the Premier of a province becomes a provincial Act, must be published promptly and takes effect when published or on a date determined in terms of the Act.

124. Safekeeping of provincial Acts

The signed copy of a provincial Act is conclusive evidence of the provisions of that Act and, after publication, must be entrusted to the Constitutional Court for safekeeping.

Provincial executives

125. Executive authority of provinces

(1)The executive authority of a province is vested in the Premier of that province.

(2)The Premier exercises the executive authority, together with the other members of the Executive Council, by -

(a)implementing provincial legislation in the province;

(b)implementing all national legislation within the functional areas listed in Schedule 4 or 5 except where the Constitution or an Act of Parliament provides otherwise;

(c)administering in the province, national legislation outside the functional areas listed in Schedules 4 and 5, the administration of which has been assigned to the provincial executive in terms of an Act of Parliament;

(d)developing and implementing provincial policy;

(e)co-ordinating the functions of the provincial administration and its departments;

(f)preparing and initiating provincial legislation; and

(g)performing any other function assigned to the provincial executive in terms of the Constitution or an Act of Parliament.

(3)A province has executive authority in terms of subsection (2) (b) only to the extent that the province has the administrative capacity to assume effective responsibility. The national government by legislative and other measures, must assist provinces to develop the administrative capacity required for the effective exercise of their powers and performance of their functions referred to in subsection (2).

(4)Any dispute concerning the administrative capacity of a province in regard to any function must be referred to the National Council of Provinces for resolution within 30 days of the date of the referral to the Council.

(5)Subject to section 100, the implementation of provincial legislation in a province is an exclusive provincial executive power.

(6)The provincial executive must act in accordance with -

(a)the Constitution; and

(b)the provincial constitution, if a constitution has been passed for the province.

126. Assignment of functions

A member of the Executive Council of a province may assign any power or function that is to be exercised or performed in terms of an Act of Parliament or a provincial Act, to a Municipal Council. An assignment -

(a)must be in terms of an agreement between the relevant Executive Council member and the Municipal Council;

(b)must be consistent with the Act in terms of which the relevant power or function is exercised or performed; and

(c)takes effect upon proclamation by the Premier.

127. Powers and functions of Premiers

(1)The Premier of a province has the powers and functions entrusted to that office by the Constitution and any legislation.

(2)The Premier of a province is responsible for -

(a)assenting to and signing Bills;

(b)referring a Bill back to the provincial legislature for reconsideration of the Bill’s constitutionality;

(c)referring a Bill to the Constitutional Court for a decision on the Bill’s constitutionality;

(d)summoning the legislature to an extraordinary sitting to conduct special business;

(e)appointing commissions of inquiry; and

(f)calling a referendum in the province in accordance with national legislation.

128. Election of Premiers

(1)At its first sitting after its election, and whenever necessary to fill a vacancy, a provincial legislature must elect a woman or a man from among its members to be the Premier of the province.

(2)A judge designated by the Chief Justice must preside over the election of the Premier. The procedure set out in Part A of Schedule 3 applies to the election of the Premier.[subsection (2) substituted by section 10 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

(3)An election to fill a vacancy in the office of Premier must be held at a time and on a date determined by the Chief Justice, but not later than 30 days after the vacancy occurs.[subsection (3) substituted by section 10 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

129. Assumption of office by Premiers

A Premier-elect must assume office within five days of being elected, by swearing or affirming faithfulness to the Republic and obedience to the Constitution, in accordance with Schedule 2.

130. Term of office and removal of Premiers

(1)A Premier’s term of office begins when the Premier assumes office and ends upon a vacancy occurring or when the person next elected Premier assumes office.

(2)No person may hold office as Premier for more than two terms, but when a person is elected to fill a vacancy in the office of Premier, the period between that election and the next election of a Premier is not regarded as a term.

(3)The legislature of a province, by a resolution adopted with a supporting vote of at least two thirds of its members, may remove the Premier from office only on the grounds of -

(a)a serious violation of the Constitution or the law;

(b)serious misconduct; or

(c)inability to perform the functions of office.

(4)Anyone who has been removed from the office of Premier in terms of subsection (3) (a) or (b) may not receive any benefits of that office, and may not serve in any public office.

131. Acting Premiers

(1)When the Premier is absent or otherwise unable to fulfil the duties of the office of Premier, or during a vacancy in the office of Premier, an office-bearer in the order below acts as the Premier:

(a)A member of the Executive Council designated by the Premier.

(b)A member of the Executive Council designated by the other members of the Council.

(c)The Speaker, until the legislature designates one of its other members.

(2)An Acting Premier has the responsibilities, powers and functions of the Premier.

(3)Before assuming the responsibilities, powers and functions of the Premier, the Acting Premier must swear or affirm faithfulness to the Republic and obedience to the Constitution, in accordance with Schedule 2.

132. Executive Councils

(1)The Executive Council of a province consists of the Premier, as head of the Council, and no fewer than five and no more than ten members appointed by the Premier from among the members of the provincial legislature.

(2)The Premier of a province appoints the members of the Executive Council, assigns their powers and functions, and may dismiss them.

133. Accountability and responsibilities

(1)The members of the Executive Council of a province are responsible for the functions of the executive assigned to them by the Premier.

(2)Members of the Executive Council of a province are accountable collectively and individually to the legislature for the exercise of their powers and the performance of their functions.

(3)Members of the Executive Council of a province must -

(a)act in accordance with the Constitution and, if a provincial constitution has been passed for the province, also that constitution; and

(b)provide the legislature with full and regular reports concerning matters under their control.

134. Continuation of Executive Councils after elections

When an election of a provincial legislature is held, the Executive Council and its members remain competent to function until the person elected Premier by the next legislature assumes office.

135. Oath or affirmation

Before members of the Executive Council of a province begin to perform their functions, they must swear or affirm faithfulness to the Republic and obedience to the Constitution, in accordance with Schedule 2.

136. Conduct of members of Executive Councils

(1)Members of the Executive Council of a province must act in accordance with a code of ethics prescribed by national legislation.

(2)Members of the Executive Council of a province may not -

(a)undertake any other paid work;

(b)act in any way that is inconsistent with their office, or expose themselves to any situation involving the risk of a conflict between their official responsibilities and private interests; or

(c)use their position or any information entrusted to them, to enrich themselves or improperly benefit any other person.

137. Transfer of functions

The Premier by proclamation may transfer to a member of the Executive Council -

(a)the administration of any legislation entrusted to another member; or

(b)any power or function entrusted by legislation to another memeber.

138. Temporary assignment of functions

The Premier of a province may assign to a member of the Executive Council any power or function of another member who is absent from office or is unable to exercise that power or perform that function.

139. Provincial intervention in local government

(1)When a municipality cannot or does not fulfil an executive obligation in terms of the Constitution or legislation, the relevant provincial executive may intervene by taking any appropriate steps to ensure fulfilment of that obligation, including—

(a)issuing a directive to the Municipal Council, describing the extent of the failure to fulfil its obligations and stating any steps required to meet its obligations;

(b)assuming responsibility for the relevant obligation in that municipality to the extent necessary to—

(i)maintain essential national standards or meet established minimum standards for the rendering of a service;

(ii)prevent that Municipal Council from taking unreasonable action that is prejudicial to the interests of another municipality or to the province as a whole; or

(iii)maintain economic unity; or

(c)dissolving the Municipal Council and appointing an administrator until a newly elected Municipal Council has been declared elected, if exceptional circumstances warrant such a step.

(2)If a provincial executive intervenes in a municipality in terms of subsection (1)(b)—

(a)it must submit a written notice of the intervention to—

(i)the Cabinet member responsible for local government affairs; and

(ii)the relevant provincial legislature and the National Council of Provinces,

within 14 days after the intervention began;

(b)the intervention must end if—

(i)the Cabinet member responsible for local government affairs disapproves the intervention within 28 days after the intervention began or by the end of that period has not approved the intervention; or

(ii)the Council disapproves the intervention within 180 days after the intervention began or by the end of that period has not approved the intervention; and

(c)the Council must, while the intervention continues, review the intervention regularly and may make any appropriate recommendations to the provincial executive.

(3)If a Municipal Council is dissolved in terms of subsection (1)(c)-

(a)the provincial executive must immediately submit a written notice of the dissolution to—

(i)the Cabinet member responsible for local government affairs; and

(ii)the relevant provincial legislature and the National Council of Provinces; and

(b)the dissolution takes effect 14 days from the date of receipt of the notice by the Council unless set aside by that Cabinet member or the Council before the expiry of those 14 days.

(4)If a municipality cannot or does not fulfil an obligation in terms of the Constitution or legislation to approve a budget or any revenue-raising measures necessary to give effect to the budget, the relevant provincial executive must intervene by taking any appropriate steps to ensure that the budget or those revenue-raising measures are approved, including dissolving the Municipal Council and—

(a)appointing an administrator until a newly elected Municipal Council has been declared elected; and

(b)approving a temporary budget or revenue-raising measures to provide for the continued functioning of the municipality.

(5)If a municipality, as a result of a crisis in its financial affairs, is in serious or persistent material breach of its obligations to provide basic services or to meet its financial commitments, or admits that it is unable to meet its obligations or financial commitments, the relevant provincial executive must—

(a)impose a recovery plan aimed at securing the municipality’s ability to meet its obligations to provide basic services or its financial commitments, which—

(i)is to be prepared in acccordance with national legislation; and

(ii)binds the municipality in the exercise of its legislative and executive authority, but only to the extent necessary to solve the crisis in its financial affairs; and

(b)dissolve the Municipal Council, if the municipality cannot or does not approve legislative measures, including a budget or any revenue-raising measures, necessary to give effect to the recovery plan, and—

(i)appoint an administrator until a newly elected Municipal Council has been declared elected; and

(ii)approve a temporary budget or revenue-raising measures or any other measures giving effect to the recovery plan to provide for the continued functioning of the municipality; or

(c)if the Municipal Council is not dissolved in terms of paragraph (b), assume responsibility for the implementation of the recovery plan to the extent that the municipality cannot or does not otherwise implement the recovery plan.

(6)If a provincial executive intervenes in a municipality in terms of subsection (4) or (5), it must submit a written notice of the intervention to—

(a)the Cabinet member responsible for local government affairs; and

(b)the relevant provincial legislature and the National Council of Provinces,

within seven days after the intervention began.

(7)If a provincial executive cannot or does not or does not adequately exercise the powers or perform the functions referred to in subsection (4) or (5), the national executive must intervene in terms of subsection (4) or (5) in the stead of the relevant provincial executive.

(8)National legislation may regulate the implementation of this section, including the processes established by this section.

[section 139 substituted by section 4 of the Constitution Eleventh Amendment Act, 2003]

140. Executive decisions

(1)A decision by the Premier of a province must be in writing if it -

(a)is taken in terms of legislation; or

(b)has legal consequences.

(2)A written decision by the Premier must be countersigned by another Executive Council member if that decision concerns a function assigned to that other member.

(3)Proclamations, regulations and other instruments of subordinate legislation of a province must be accessible to the public.

(4)Provincial legislation may specify the manner in which, and the extent to which, instruments mentioned in subsection (3) must be -

(a)tabled in the provincial legislature; and

(b)approved by the provincial legislature.

141. Motions of no confidence

(1)If a provincial legislature, by a vote supported by a majority of its members, passes a motion of no confidence in the province’s Executive Council excluding the Premier, the Premier must reconstitute the Council.

(2)If a provincial legislature, by a vote supported by a majority of its members, passes a motion of no confidence in the Premier, the Premier and the other members of the Executive Council must resign.

Provincial constitutions

142. Adoption of provincial constitutions

A provincial legislature may pass a constitution for the province or, where applicable, amend its constitution, if at least two thirds of its members vote in favour of the Bill.

143. Contents of provincial constitutions

(1)A provincial constitution, or constitutional amendment, must not be inconsistent with this Constitution, but may provide for -

(a)provincial legislative or executive structures and procedures that differ from those provided for in this Chapter; or

(b)the institution, role, authority and status of a traditional monarch, where applicable.

(2)Provisions included in a provincial constitution or constitutional amendment in terms of paragraph (a) or (b) of subsection (1) -

(a)must comply with the values in section 1 and with Chapter 3; and

(b)may not confer on the province any power or function that falls —

(i)outside the area of provincial competence in terms of Schedule 4 and 5; or

(ii)outside the powers and functions conferred on the province by other sections of the Constitution.

144. Certification of provincial constitutions

(1)If a provincial legislature has passed or amended a constitution, the Speaker of the legislature must submit the text of the constitution or constitutional amendment to the Constitutional Court for certification.

(2)No text of a provincial constitution or constitutional amendment becomes law until the Constitutional Court has certified -

(a)that the text has been passed in accordance with section 142; and

(b)that the whole text complies with section 143.

145. Signing, publication and safekeeping of provincial constitutions

(1)The Premier of a province must assent to and sign the text of a provincial constitution or constitutional amendment that has been certified by the Constitutional Court.

(2)The text assented to and signed by the Premier must be published in the national Government Gazette and takes effect on publication or on a later date determined in terms of that constitution or amendment.

(3)The signed text of a provincial constitution or constitutional amendment is conclusive evidence of its provisions and, after publication, must be entrusted to the Constitutional Court for safekeeping.

Conflicting laws

146. Conflicts between national and provincial legislation

(1)This section applies to a conflict between national legislation and provincial legislation falling within a functional area listed in Schedule 4.

(2)National legislation that applies uniformly with regard to the country as a whole prevails over provincial legislation if any of the following conditions is met:

(a)The national legislation deals with a matter that cannot be regulated effectively by legislation enacted by the respective provinces individually.

(b)The national legislation deals with a matter that, to be dealt with effectively, requires uniformity across the nation, and the national legislation provides that uniformity by establishing -

(i)norms and standards;

(ii)frameworks; or

(iii)national policies.

(c)The national legislation is necessary for-

(i)the maintenance of national security;

(ii)the maintenance of economic unity;

(iii)the protection of the common market in respect of the mobility of goods, services, capital and labour;

(iv)the promotion of economic activities across provincial boundaries;

(v)the promotion of equal opportunity or equal access to government services; or

(vi)the protection of the environment.

(3)National legislation prevails over provincial legislation if the national legislation is aimed at preventing unreasonable action by a province that -

(a)is prejudicial to the economic, health or security interests of another province or the country as a whole; or

(b)impedes the implementation of national economic policy.

(4)When there is a dispute concerning whether national legislation is necessary for a purpose set out in subsection (2)(c) and that dispute comes before a court for resolution, the court must have due regard to the approval or the rejection of the legislation by the National Council of Provinces.

(5)Provincial legislation prevails over national legislation if subsection (2) or (3) does not apply.

(6)A law made in terms of an Act of Parliament or a provincial Act can prevail only if that law has been approved by the National Council of Provinces.

(7)If the National Council of Provinces does not reach a decision within 30 days of its first sitting after a law was referred to it, that law must be considered for all purposes to have been approved by the Council.

(8)If the National Council of Provinces does not approve a law referred to in subsection (6), it must, within 30 days of its decision, forward reasons for not approving the law to the authority that referred the law to it.

147. Other conflicts

(1)If there is a conflict between national legislation and a provision of a provincial constitution with regard to -

(a)a matter concerning which this Constitution specifically requires or envisages the enactment of national legislation, the national legislation prevails over the affected provision of the provincial constitution;

(b)national legislative intervention in terms of section 44(2), the national legislation prevails over the provision of the provincial constitution; or

(c)a matter within a functional area listed in Schedule 4, section 146 applies as if the affected provision of the provincial constitution were provincial legislation referred to in that section.

(2)National legislation referred to in section 44(2) prevails over provincial legislation in respect of matters within the functional areas listed in Schedule 5.

148. Conflicts that cannot be resolved

If a dispute concerning a conflict cannot be resolved by a court, the national legislation prevails over the provincial legislation or provincial constitution.

149. States of legislation that does not prevail

A decision by a court that legislation prevails over other legislation does not invalidate that other legislation, but that other legislation becomes inoperative for as long as the conflict remains.

150. Interpretation of conflicts

When considering an apparent conflict between national and provincial legislation, or between national legislation and a provincial constitution, every court must prefer any reasonable interpretation of the legislation or constitution that avoids a conflict, over any alternative interpretation that results in a conflict.

Chapter 7
Local government

151. Status of municipalities

(1)The local sphere of government consists of municipalities, which must be established for the whole of the territory of the Republic.

(2)The executive and legislative authority of a municipality is vested in its Municipal Council.

(3)A municipality has the right to govern, on its own initiative, the local government affairs of its community, subject to national and provincial legislation, as provided for in the Constitution.

(4)The national or a provincial government may not compromise or impede a municipality's ability or right to exercise its powers or perform its functions.

152. Objects of local government

(1)The objects of local government are -

(a)to provide democratic and accountable government for local communities;

(b)to ensure the provision of services to communities in a sustainable manner;

(c)to promote social and economic development;

(d)to promote a safe and healthy environment; and

(e)to encourage the involvement of communities and community organisations in the matters of local government.

(2)A municipality must strive, within its financial and administrative capacity, to achieve the objects set out in subsection (1).

153. Developmental duties of municipalities

A municipality must -

(a)structure and manage its administration and budgeting and planning processes to give priority to the basic needs of the community, and to promote the social and economic developmentof the community; and

(b)participate in national and provincial development programmes.

154. Municipalities in co-operative government

(1)The national government and provincial governments, by legislative and other measures, must support and strengthen the capacity of municipalities to manage their own affairs, to exercise their powers and to perform their functions.

(2)Draft national or provincial legislation that affects the status, institutions, powers or functions of local government must be published for public comment before it is introduced in Parliament or a provincial legislature, in a manner that allows organised local government, municipalities and other interested persons an opportunity to make representations with regard to the draft legislation.

155. Establishment of municipalities

(1)There are the following categories of municipality:

(a)Category A: A municipality that has exclusive municipal executive and legislative authority in its area.

(b)Category B: A municipality that shares municipal executive and legislative authority in its area with a category C municipality within whose area it falls.

(c)Category C: A municipality that has municipal executive and legislative authority in an area that includes more than one municipality.

(2)National legislation must define the different types of municipality that may be established within each category.

(3)National legislation must -

(a)establish the criteria for determining when an area should have a single category A municipality or when it should have municipalities of both category B and category C;

(b)establish criteria and procedures for the determination of municipal boundaries by an independent authority; and

(c)subject to section 229, make provision for an appropriate division of powers and functions between municipalities when an area has municipalities of both category B and category C. A division of powers and functions between a category B municipality and a category C municipality may differ from the division of powers and functions between another category B municipality and that category C municipality.

(4)The legislation referred to in subsection (3) must take into account the need to provide municipal services in an equitable and sustainable manner.

(5)Provincial legislation must determine the different types of municipality to be established in the province.

(6)Each provincial government must establish municipalities in its province in a manner consistent with the legislation enacted in terms of subsections (2) and (3) and, by legislative or other measures, must -

(a)provide for the monitoring and support of local government in the province;

(b)promote the development of local government capacity to enable municipalities to perform their functions and manage their own affairs.

(6A)[subsection (6A) inserted by section 1 of the Constitution Third Amendment Act, 1998 and deleted by section 2 of the Constitution Twelfth Amendment Act, 2005]

(7)The national government, subject to section 44, and the provincial governments have the legislative and executive authority to see to the effective performance by municipalities of their functions in respect of matters listed in Schedules 4 and 5, by regulating the exercise by municipalities of their executive authority referred to in section 156(1).

156. Powers and functions of municipalities

(1)A municipality has executive authority in respect of, and has the right to administer -

(a)the local government matters listed in Part B of Schedule 4 and Part B of Schedule 5; and

(b)any other matter assigned to it by national or provincial legislation.

(2)A municipality may make and administer by-laws for the effective administration of the matters which it has the right to administer.

(3)Subject to section 151(4), a by-law that conflicts with national or provincial legislation is invalid. If there is a conflict between a by-law and national or provincial legislation that is inoperative because of a conflict referred to in section 149, the by-law must be regarded as valid for as long as that legislation is inoperative.

(4)The national government and provincial governments must assign to a municipality, by agreement and subject to any conditions, the administration of a matter listed in Part A of Schedule 4 or Part A of Schedule 5 which necessarily relates to local government, if-

(a)that matter would most effectively be administered locally; and

(b)the municipality has the capacity to administer it.

(5)A municipality has the right to exercise any power concerning a matter reasonably necessary for, or incidental to, the effective performance of its functions.

157. Composition and election of Municipal Councils

(1)A Municipal Council consists of -

(a)members elected in accordance with subsections (2) and (3); or

(b)if provided for by national legislation -

(i)members appointed by other Municipal Councils to represent those other Councils; or

(ii)both members elected in accordance with paragraph (a) and members appointed in accordance with subparagraph (i) of this paragraph.

[subsection (1) substituted by section 1(a) of the Constitution Eighth Amendment Act, 2002 and introductory words substituted by section 3 of the Constitution Fifteenth Amendment Act, 2008]

(2)The election of members to a Municipal Council as anticipated in subsection (1)(a) must be in accordance with national legislation, which must prescribe a system -

(a)of proportional representation based on that municipality segment of the national common voters roll, and which provides for the election of members from lists of party candidates drawn up in a party’s order of preference; or

(b)of proportional representation as described in paragraph (a) combined with a system of ward representation based on that municipality’s segment of the national common voters roll.

(3)An electoral system in terms of subsection (2) must result, in general, in proportional representation.[subsection (3) substituted by section 1(b) of the Constitution Eighth Amendment Act, 2002]

(4)

(a)If the electoral system includes ward representation, the delimitation of wards must be done by an independent authority appointed in terms of, and operating according to, procedures and criteria prescribed by national legislation.

(b)[paragraph (b) deleted by section 3 of the Constitution Twelfth Amendment Act, 2005]

[subsection (4) substituted by section 2 of the Constitution Third Amendment Act, 1998]

(5)A person may vote in a municipality only if that person is registered on that municipality’s segment of the national common voters roll.

(6)The national legislation referred to in subsection (1)(b) must establish a system that allows for parties and interests reflected within the Municipal Council making the appointment, to be fairly represented in the Municipal Council to which the appointment is made.

158. Membership of Municipal Councils

(1)Every citizen who is qualified to vote for a Municipal Council is eligible to be a member of that Council, except -

(a)anyone who is appointed by, or is in the service of, the municipality and receives remuneration for that appointment or service, and who has not been exempted from this disqualification in terms of national legislation;

(b)anyone who is appointed by, or is in the service of, the state in another sphere, and receives remuneration for that appointment or service, and who has been disqualified from membership of a Municipal Council in terms of national legislation;

(c)anyone who is disqualified from voting for the National Assembly or is disqualified in terms of section 47(1)(c), (d) or (e) from being a member of the Assembly;

(d)a member of the National Assembly, a delegate to the National Council of Provinces or a member of a provincial legislature; but this disqualification does not apply to a member of a Municipal Council representing local government in the National Council; or

(e)a member of another Municipal Council; but this disqualification does not apply to a member of a Municipal Council representing that Council in another Municipal Council of a different category.

(2)A person who is not eligible to be a member of a Municipal Council in terms of subsection (1)(a), (b), (d) or (e) may be a candidate for the Council, subject to any limits or conditions established by national legislation.

(3)Vacancies in a Municipal Council must be filled in terms of national legislation.[subsection (3) added by section 4 of the Constitution Fifteenth Amendment Act, 2008]

159. Terms of Municipal Councils

(1)The term of a Municipal Council may be no more than five years, as determined by national legislation.

(2)If a Municipal Council is dissolved in terms of national legislation, or when its term expires, an election must be held within 90 days of the date that Council was dissolved or its term expired.

(3)A Municipal Council, other than a Council that has been dissolved following an intervention in terms of section 139, remains competent to function from the time it is dissolved or its term expires, until the newly elected Council has been declared elected.

[section 159 substituted by section 1 of the Constitution Second Amendment Act, 1998]

160. Internal procedures

(1)A Municipal Council -

(a)makes decisions concerning the exercise of all the powers and the performance of all the functions of the municipality;

(b)must elect its chairperson;

(c)may elect an executive committee and other committees, subject to national legislation; and

(d)may employ personnel that are necessary for the effective performance of its functions.

(2)The following functions may not be delegated by a Municipal Council:

(a)The passing of by-laws;

(b)the approval of budgets;

(c)the imposition of rates and other taxes, levies and duties; and

(d)the raising of loans.

(3)

(a)A majority of the members of a Municipal Council must be present before a vote may be taken on any matter.

(b)All questions concerning matters mentioned in subsection (2) are determined by a decision taken by a Municipal Council with a supporting vote of a majority of its members.

(c)All other questions before a Municipal Council are decided by a majority of the votes cast.

(4)No by-law may be passed by a Municipal Council unless -

(a)all the members of the Council have been given reasonable notice; and

(b)the proposed by-law has been published for public comment.

(5)National legislation may provide criteria for determining -

(a)the size of a Municipal Council;

(b)whether Municipal Councils may elect an executive committee or any other committee; or

(c)the size of the executive committee or any other committee of a Municipal Council functions of its committees.

(6)A Municipal Council may make by-laws which prescribe rules and orders for -

(a)its internal arrangements;

(b)its business and proceedings; and

(c)the establishment, composition, procedures, powers and functions of its committees.

(7)A Municipal Council must conduct its business in an open manner and may close its sittings, or those of its committees, only when it is reasonable to do so having regard to the nature of the business being transacted.

(8)Members of a Municipal Council are entitled to participate in its proceedings and those of its committees in a manner that -

(a)allows parties and interests reflected within the Council to be fairly represented;

(b)is consistent with democracy; and

(c)may be regulated by national legislation.

161. Privilege

Provincial legislation within the framework of national legislation may provide for privileges and immunities of Municipal Councils and their members.

162. Publication of municipal by-laws

(1)A municipal by-law may be enforced only after it has been published in the official gazette of the relevant province.

(2)A provincial official gazette must publish a municipal by-law upon request by the municipality.

(3)Municipal by-laws must be accessible to the public.

163. Organised local government

An Act of Parliament enacted in accordance with the procedure established by section 76 must -

(a)provide for the recognition of national and provincial organisations representing municipalities; and

(b)determine procedures by which local government may—

(i)consult with the national or a provincial government;

(ii)designate representatives to participate in the National Council of Provinces; and

(iii)participate in the process prescribed in the national legislation envisaged in section 221(1)(c).

[paragraph (b) substituted by section 4 of the Constitution Seventh Amendment Act, 2001 on 1 December 2003]

164. Other matters

Any matter concerning local government not dealt with in the Constitution may be prescribed by national legislation or by provincial legislation within the framework of national legislation.

Chapter 8
Courts and administration of justice

165. Judicial authority

(1)The judicial authority of the Republic is vested in the courts.

(2)The courts are independent and subject only to the Constitution and the law, which they must apply impartially and without fear, favour or prejudice.

(3)No person or organ of state may interfere with the functioning of the courts.

(4)Organs of state, through legislative and other measures, must assist and protect the courts to ensure the independence, impartiality, dignity, accessibility and effectiveness of the courts.

(5)An order or decision issued by a court binds all persons to whom and organs of state to which it applies.

(6)The Chief Justice is the head of the judiciary and exercises responsibility over the establishment and monitoring of norms and standards for the exercise of the judicial functions of all courts.[subsection (6) added by section 1 of the Constitution Seventeenth Amendment Act, 2012]

166. Judicial system

The courts are -

(a)the Constitutional Court;

(b)the Supreme Court of Appeal;

(c)the High Court of South Africa, and any high court of appeal that may be established by an Act of Parliament to hear appeals from any court of a status similar to the High Court of South Africa;[paragraph (c) substituted by section 2(a) of the Constitution Seventeenth Amendment Act, 2012]

(d)the Magistrates' Courts; and

(e)any other court established or recognised in terms of an Act of Parliament, including any court of a status similar to either the High Court of South Africa or the Magistrates’ Courts.[paragraph (e) substituted by section 2(b) of the Constitution Seventeenth Amendment Act, 2012]

167. Constitutional Court

(1)The Constitutional Court consists of the Chief Justice of South Africa, the Deputy Chief Justice and nine other judges.[subsection (1) substituted by section 11 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

(2)A matter before the Constitutional Court must be heard by at least eight judges.

(3)The Constitutional Court-

(a)is the highest court of the Republic; and

(b)may decide—

(i)constitutional matters; and

(ii)any other matter, if the Constitutional Court grants leave to appeal on the grounds that the matter raises an arguable point of law of general public importance which ought to be considered by that Court; and

(c)makes the final decision whether a matter is within its jurisdiction;

[subsection (3) substituted by section 3(a) of the Constitution Seventeenth Amendment Act, 2012]

(4)Only the Constitutional Court may -

(a)decide disputes between organs of state in the national or provincial sphere concerning the constitutional status, power or functions of any of those organs of state;

(b)decide on the constitutionality of any parliamentary or provincial Bill, but may do so only in the circumstances anticipated in section 79 or 121;

(c)decide applications envisaged in section 80 or 122;

(d)decide on the constitutionality of any amendment to the Constitution;

(e)decide that Parliament or the President has failed to fulfil a constitutional obligation; or

(f)certify a provincial constitution in terms of section 144.

(5)The Constitutional Court makes the final decision whether an Act of Parliament, a provincial Act or conduct of the President is constitutional, and must confirm any order of invalidity made by the Supreme Court of Appeal, the High Court of South Africa, or a court of similar status, before that order has any force.[subsection (5) substituted by section 3(b) of the Constitution Seventeenth Amendment Act, 2012]

(6)National legislation or the rules of the Constitutional Court must allow a person, when it is in the interests of justice and with leave of the Constitutional Court -

(a)to bring a matter directly to the Constitutional Court; or

(b)to appeal directly to the Constitutional Court from any other court.

(7)A constitutional matter includes any issue involving the interpretation, protection or enforcement of the Constitution.

168. Supreme Court of Appeal

(1)The Supreme Court of Appeal consists of a President, a Deputy President and the number of judges of appeal determined in terms of an Act of Parliament.[subsection (1) substituted by section 12 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

(2)A matter before the Supreme Court of Appeal must be decided by the number of judges determined in terms of an Act of Parliament.[subsection (2) substituted by section 12 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

(3)

(a)The Supreme Court of Appeal may decide appeals in any matter arising from the High Court of South Africa or a court of a status similar to the High Court of South Africa, except in respect of labour or competition matters to such extent as may be determined by an Act of Parliament.

(b)The Supreme Court of Appeal may decide only—

(i)appeals;

(ii)issues connected with appeals; and

(iii)any other matter that may be referred to it in circumstances defined by an Act of Parliament.

[subsection (3) substituted by section 4 of the Constitution Seventeenth Amendment Act, 2012]

169. High Court of South Africa

(1)The High Court of South Africa may decide—

(a)any constitutional matter except a matter that—

(i)the Constitutional Court has agreed to hear directly in terms of section 167(6)(a); or

(ii)is assigned by an Act of Parliament to another court of a status similar to the High Court of South Africa; and

(b)any other matter not assigned to another court by an Act of Parliament

(2)The High Court of South Africa consists of the Divisions determined by an Act of Parliament, which Act must provide for—

(a)the establishing of Divisions, with one or more seats in a Division; and

(b)the assigning ofjurisdiction to a Division or a seat within a Division.

(3)Each Division of the High Court of South Africa—

(a)has a Judge President;

(b)may have one or more Deputy Judges President; and

(c)has the number of other judges determined in terms of national legislation.

[section 169 substituted by section 5 of the Constitution Seventeenth Amendment Act, 2012]

170. Other courts

All courts other than those referred to in sections 167, 168 and 169 may decide any matter determined by an Act of Parliament, but a court of a status lower than the High Court of South Africa may not enquire into or rule on the constitutionality of any legislation or any conduct of the President.[section 170 substituted by section 6 of the Constitution Seventeenth Amendment Act, 2012]

171. Court procedures

All courts function in terms of national legislation, and their rules and procedures must be provided for in terms of national legislation.

172. Powers of courts in constitutional matters

(1)When deciding a constitutional matter within its power; a court -

(a)must declare that any law or conduct that is inconsistent with the Constitution is invalid to the extent of its inconsistency; and

(b)may make any order that is just and equitable, including -

(i)an order limiting the retrospective effect of the declaration of invalidity; and

(ii)an order suspending the declaration of invalidity for any period and on any conditions, to allow the competent authority to correct the defect.

(2)

(a)The Supreme Court of Appeal, the High Court of South Africa or a court of similar status may make an order concerning the constitutional validity of an Act of Parliament, a provincial Act or any conduct of the President, but an order of constitutional invalidity has no force unless it is confirmed by the Constitutional Court.[paragraph (a) substituted by section 7 of the Constitution Seventeenth Amendment Act, 2012]

(b)A court which makes an order of constitutional invalidity may grant a temporary interdict or other temporary relief to a party, or may adjourn the proceedings, pending a decision of the Constitutional Court on the validity of that Act or conduct.

(c)National legislation must provide for the referral of an order of constitutional invalidity to the Constitutional Court.

(d)Any person or organ of state with a sufficient interest may appeal, or apply, directly to the Constitutional Court to confirm or vary an order of constitutional invalidity by a court in terms of this subsection.

173. Inherent power

The Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court of Appeal and the High Court of South Africa each has the inherent power to protect and regulate their own process, and to develop the common law, taking into account the interests of justice.[section 173 substituted by section 8 of the Constitution Seventeenth Amendment Act, 2012]

174. Appointment of judicial officers

(1)Any appropriately qualified woman or man who is a fit and proper person may be appointed as a judicial officer. Any person to be appointed to the Constitutional Court must also be a South African citizen.

(2)The need for the judiciary to reflect broadly the racial and gender composition of South Africa must be considered when judicial officers are appointed.

(3)The President as head ofthe national executive, after consulting the Judicial Service Commission and the leaders of parties represented in the National Assembly, appoints the Chief Justice and the Deputy Chief Justice and, after consulting the Judicial Service Commission, appoints the President and Deputy President of the Supreme Court of Appeal.[subsection (3) substituted by section 13 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

(4)The other judges of the Constitutional Court are appointed by the President, as head of the national executive, after consulting the Chief Justice and the leaders of parties represented in the National Assembly, in accordance with the following procedure:

(a)The Judicial Service Commission must prepare a list of nominees with three names more than the number of appointments to be made, and submit the list to the President.

(b)The President may make appointments from the list, and must advise the Judicial Service Commission, with reasons, if any of the nominees are unacceptable and any appointment remains to be made.

(c)The Judicial Service Commission must supplement the list with further nominees and the President must make the remaining appointments from the supplemented list.

[subsection (4) substituted by section 13 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

(5)At all times, at least four members of the Constitutional Court must be persons who were judges at the time they were appointed to the Constitutional Court.

(6)The President must appoint the judges of all other courts on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission.

(7)Other judicial officers must be appointed in terms of an Act of Parliament which must ensure that the appointment, promotion, transfer or dismissal of, or disciplinary steps against, these judicial officers take place without favour or prejudice.

(8)Before judicial officers begin to perform their functions, they must take an oath or affirm, in accordance with Schedule 2, that they will uphold and protect the Constitution.

175. Appointment of acting judges

(1)The President may appoint a woman or man to serve as an acting Deputy Chief Justice or judge of the Constitutional Court if there is a vacancy in any of those offices, or if the person holding such an office is absent. The appointment must be made on the recommendation of the Cabinet member responsible for the administration of justice acting with the concurrence of the Chief Justice, and an appointment as acting Deputy Chief Justice must be made from the ranks of the judges who had been appointed to the Constitutional Court in terms of section 174(4).

(2)The Cabinet member responsible for the administration of justice must appoint acting judges to other courts after consulting the senior judge of the court on which the acting judge will serve.

[section 175 amended by section 14 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001, and substituted by section 9 of the Constitution Seventeenth Amendment Act, 2012]

176. Terms of office and remuneration

(1)A Constitutional Court judge holds office for a non-renewable term of 12 years, or until he or she attains the age of 70, whichever occurs first, except where an Act of Parliament extends the term of office of a Constitutional Court judge.[subsection (1) substituted by section 15 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

(2)Other judges hold office until they are discharged from active service in terms of an Act of Parliament.

(3)The salaries, allowances and benefits of judges may not be reduced.

177. Removal

(1)A judge may be removed from office only if-

(a)the Judicial Service Commission finds that the judge suffers from an incapacity, is grossly incompetent or is guilty of gross misconduct; and

(b)the National Assembly calls for that judge to be removed, by a resolution adopted with a supporting vote of at least two thirds of its members.

(2)The President must remove a judge from office upon adoption of a resolution calling for that judge to be removed.

(3)The President, on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission, may suspend a judge who is the subject of a procedure in terms of subsection (1).

178. Judicial Service Commission

(1)There is a Judicial Service Commission consisting of -

(a)the Chief Justice, who presides at meetings of the Commission;

(b)the President of the Supreme Court of Appeal;[paragraph (b) substituted by section 16(a) of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

(c)one Judge President designated by the Judges President;

(d)the Cabinet member responsible for the administration of justice, or an alternate designated by that Cabinet member;

(e)two practising advocates nominated from within the advocates’ profession to represent the profession as a whole, and appointed by the President;

(f)two practising attorneys nominated from within the attorneys’ profession to represent the profession as a whole, and appointed by the President;

(g)one teacher of law designated by teachers of law at South African universities;

(h)six persons designated by the National Assembly from among its members, at least three of whom must be members of opposition parties represented in the Assembly;

(i)four permanent delegates to the National Council of Provinces designated together by the Council with a supporting vote of at least six provinces;

(j)four persons designated by the President as head of the national executive, after consulting the leaders of all the parties in the National Assembly; and

(k)when considering matters relating to a specific Division of the High Court of South Africa, the Judge President of that Division and the Premier of the province concerned, or an alternate designated by each of them.[paragraph (k) substituted by section 2(a) of the Constitution Second Amendment Act, 1998, by section 16(b) of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001, and by section 10 of the Constitution Seventeenth Amendment Act, 2012]

(2)If the number of persons nominated from within the advocates' or attorneys’ profession in terms of subsection (1)(e) or (f) equals the number of vacancies to be filled, the President must appoint them. If the number of persons nominated exceeds the number of vacancies to be filled, the President, after consulting the relevant profession, must appoint sufficient of the nominees to fill the vacancies, taking into account the need to ensure that those appointed represent the profession as a whole.

(3)Members of the Commission designated by the National Council of Provinces serve until they are replaced together or until any vacancy occurs in their number. Other members who were designated or nominated to the Commission serve until they are replaced by those who designated or nominated them.

(4)The Judicial Service Commission has the powers and functions assigned to it in the Constitution and national legislation.

(5)The Judicial Service Commission may advise the national government on any matter relating to the judiciary or the administration of justice, but when it considers any matter except the appointment of a judge, it must sit without the members designated in terms of subsection (1) (h) and (i).

(6)The Judicial Service Commission may determine its own procedure, but decisions of the Commission must be supported by a majority of its members.

(7)If the Chief Justice or the President of the Supreme Court of Appeal is temporarily unable to serve on the Commission, the Deputy Chief Justice or the Deputy President of the Supreme Court of Appeal, as the case may be, acts as his or her alternate on the Commission.[subsection (7) added by section 2(b) of the Constitution Second Amendment Act, 1998 and substituted by section 16(c) of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

(8)The President and the persons who appoint, nominate or designate the members of the Commission in terms ofsubsection (1)(c), (e), (f) and (g), may, in the same manner appoint, nominate or designate an alternate for each of those members, to serve on the Commission whenever the member concerned is temporarily unable to do so by reason of his or her incapacity or absence from the Republic or for any other sufficient reason.[subsection (8) added by section 2(b) of the Constitution Second Amendment Act, 1998]

179. Prosecuting authority

(1)There is a single national prosecuting authority in the Republic, structured in terms of an Act of Parliament, and consisting of -

(a)a National Director of Public Prosecutions, who is the head of the prosecuting authority, and is appointed by the President, as head of the national executive; and

(b)Directors of Public Prosecutions and prosecutors as determined by an Act of Parliament.

(2)The prosecuting authority has the power to institute criminal proceedings on behalf of the state, and to carry out any necessary functions incidental to instituting criminal proceedings.

(3)National legislation must ensure that the Directors of Public Prosecutions -

(a)are appropriately qualified; and

(b)are responsible for prosecutions in specific jurisdictions, subject to subsection (5).

(4)National legislation must ensure that the prosecuting authority exercises its functions without fear, favour or prejudice.

(5)The National Director of Public Prosecutions -

(a)must determine, with the concurrence of the Cabinet member responsible for the administration of justice, and after consulting the Directors of Public Prosecutions, prosecution policy, which must be observed in the prosecution process;

(b)must issue policy directives which must be observed in the prosecution process;

(c)may intervene in the prosecution process when policy directives are not complied with; and

(d)may review a decision to prosecute or not to prosecute, after consulting the relevant Director of Public Prosecutions and after taking representations within a period specified by the National Director of Public Prosecutions, from the following:

(i)The accused person.

(ii)The complainant.

(iii)Any other person or party whom the National Director considers to be relevant.

(6)The Cabinet member responsible for the administration of justice must exercise final responsibility over the prosecuting authority.

(7)All other matters concerning the prosecuting authority must be determined by national legislation.

180. Other matters concerning administration of justice

National legislation may provide for any matter concerning the administration of justice that is not dealt with in the Constitution, including -

(a)training programmes for judicial officers;

(b)procedures for dealing with complaints about judicial officers; and

(c)the participation of people other than judicial officers in court decisions.

Chapter 9
State institutions supporting constitutional democracy

181. Establishment and governing principles

(1)The following state institutions strengthen constitutional democracy in the Republic:

(a)The Public Protector.

(b)The South African Human Rights Commission.

(c)The Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities.

(d)The Commission for Gender Equality.

(e)The Auditor-General.

(f)The Electoral Commission.

(2)These institutions are independent, and subject only to the Constitution and the law, and they must be impartial and must exercise their powers and perform their functions without fear, favour or prejudice.

(3)Other organs of state, through legislative and other measures, must assist and protect these institutions to ensure the independence, impartiality, dignity and effectiveness of these institutions.

(4)No person or organ of state may interfere with the functioning of these institutions.

(5)These institutions are accountable to the National Assembly, and must report on their activities and the performance of their functions to the Assembly at least once a year.

Public Protector

182. Functions of Public Protector

(1)The Public Protector has the power, as regulated by national legislation -

(a)to investigate any conduct in state affairs, or in the public administration in any sphere of government, that is alleged or suspected to be improper or to result in any impropriety or prejudice;

(b)to report on that conduct; and

(c)to take appropriate remedial action.

(2)The Public Protector has the additional powers and functions prescribed by national legislation.

(3)The Public Protector may not investigate court decisions.

(4)The Public Protector must be accessible to all persons and communities.

(5)Any report issued by the Public Protector must be open to the public unless exceptional circumstances, to be determined in terms of national legislation, require that a report be kept confidential.

183. Tenure

The Public Protector is appointed for a non-renewable period of seven years.

South African Human Rights Commission

184. Functions of South African Human Rights Commission

(1)The South African Human Rights Commission must -

(a)promote respect for human rights and a culture of human rights;

(b)promote the protection, development and attainment of human rights; and

(c)monitor and assess the observance of human rights in the Republic.

(2)The South African Human Rights Commission has the powers, as regulated by national legislation, necessary to perform its functions, including the power -

(a)to investigate and to report on the observance of human rights;

(b)to take steps to secure appropriate redress where human rights have been violated;

(c)to carry out research; and

(d)to educate.

(3)Each year, the South African Human Rights Commission must require relevant organs of state to provide the Commission with information on the measures that they have taken towards the realisation of the rights in the Bill of Rights concerning housing, health care, food, water, social security, education and the environment.

(4)The South African Human Rights Commission has the additional powers and functions prescribed by national legislation.

Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities

185. Functions of Commission

(1)The primary objects of the Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities are -

(a)to promote respect for the rights of cultural, religious and linguistic communities;

(b)to promote and develop peace, friendship, humanity, tolerance and national unity among cultural, religious and linguistic communities, on the basis of equality, non-discrimination and free association; and

(c)to recommend the establishment or recognition, in accordance with national legislation, of a cultural or other council or councils for a community or communities in South Africa.

(2)The Commission has the power, as regulated by national legislation, necessary to achieve its primary objects, including the power to monitor, investigate, research, educate, lobby, advise and report on issues concerning the rights of cultural, religious and linguistic communities.

(3)The Commission may report any matter which falls within its powers and functions to the South African Human Rights Commission for investigation.

(4)The Commission has the additional powers and functions prescribed by national legislation.

186. Composition of Commission

(1)The number of members of the Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities and their appointment and terms of office must be prescribed by national legislation.

(2)The composition of the Commission must-

(a)be broadly representative of the main cultural, religious and linguistic communities in South Africa; and

(b)broadly reflect the gender composition of South Africa.

Commission for Gender Equality

187. Functions of Commission for Gender Equality

(1)The Commission for Gender Equality must promote respect for gender equality and the protection, development and attainment of gender equality.

(2)The Commission for Gender Equality has the power, as regulated by national legislation, necessary to perform its functions, including the power to monitor investigate, research, educate, lobby, advise and report on issues concerning gender equality.

(3)The Commission for Gender Equality has the additional powers and functions prescribed by national legislation.

Auditor-General

188. Functions of Auditor-General

(1)The Auditor-General must audit and report on the accounts, financial statements and financial management of -

(a)all national and provincial state departments and administrations;

(b)all municipalities; and

(c)any other institution or accounting entity required by national or provincial legislation to be audited by the Auditor-General.

(2)In addition to the duties prescribed in subsection (1), and subject to any legislation, the Auditor-General may audit and report on the accounts, financial statements and financial management of -

(a)any institution funded from the National Revenue Fund or a Provincial Revenue Fund or by a municipality; or

(b)any institution that is authorised in terms of any law to receive money for a public purpose.

(3)The Auditor-General must submit audit reports to any legislature that has a direct interest in the audit, and to any other authority prescribed by national legislation. All reports must be made public.

(4)The Auditor-General has the additional powers and functions prescribed by national legislation.

189. Tenure

The Auditor-General must be appointed for a fixed, non-renewable term of between five and ten years.

Electoral Commission

190. Functions of Electoral Commission

(1)The Electoral Commission must -

(a)manage elections of national, provincial and municipal legislative bodies in accordance with national legislation;

(b)ensue that those elections are free and fair; and

(c)declare the results of those elections within a period that must be prescribed by national legislation and that is as short as reasonably possible.

(2)The Electoral Commission has the additional powers and functions prescribed by national legislation.

191. Composition of Electoral Commission

The Electoral Commission must be composed of at least three persons. The number of members and their terms of office must be prescribed by national legislation.

Independent authority to regulate broadcasting

192. Broadcasting authority

National legislation must establish an independent authority to regulate broadcasting in the public interest, and to ensure fairness and a diversity of views broadly representing South African society.

General provisions

193. Appointments

(1)The Public Protector and the members of any Commission established by this Chapter must be women or men who -

(a)are South African citizens;

(b)are fit and proper persons to hold the particular office; and

(c)comply with any other requirements prescribed by national legislation.

(2)The need for a Commission established by this Chapter to reflect broadly the race and gender composition of South Africa must be considered when members are appointed.

(3)The Auditor-General must be a woman or a man who is a South African citizen and a fit and proper person to hold that office. Specialised knowledge of, or experience in, auditing, state finances and public administration must be given due regard in appointing the Auditor-General.

(4)The President, on the recommendation of the National Assembly, must appoint the Public Protector, the Auditor-General and the members of -

(a)the South African Human Rights Commission;

(b)the Commission for Gender Equality; and

(c)the Electoral Commission.

(5)The National Assembly must recommend persons -

(a)nominated by a committee of the Assembly proportionally composed of members of all parties represented in the Assembly; and

(b)approved by the Assembly by a resolution adopted with a supporting vote -

(i)of at least 60 per cent of the members of the Assembly, if the recommendation concerns the appointment of the Public Protector or the Auditor-General; or

(ii)of a majority of the members of the Assembly, if the recommendation concerns the appointment of a member of a Commission.

(6)The involvement of civil society in the recommendation process may be provided for as envisaged in section 59(1)(a).

194. Removal from office

(1)The Public Protector the Auditor-General or a member of a Commission established by this Chapter may be removed from office only on -

(a)the ground of misconduct, incapacity or incompetence;

(b)a finding to that effect by a committee of the National Assembly; and

(c)the adoption by the Assembly of a resolution calling for that person's removal from office.

(2)A resolution of the National Assembly concerning the removal from office of -

(a)the Public Protector or the Auditor-General must be adopted with a supporting vote of at least two thirds of the members of the Assembly; or

(b)a member of a Commission must be adopted with a supporting vote of a majority of the members of the Assembly.

(3)The President-

(a)may suspend a person from office at any time after the start of the proceedings of a committee of the National Assembly for the removal of that person; and

(b)must remove a person from office upon adoption by the Assembly of the resolution calling for that person's removal.

Chapter 10
Public administration

195. Basic values and principles governing public administration

(1)Public administration must be governed by the democratic values and principles enshrined in the Constitution, including the following principles:

(a)A high standard of professional ethics must be promoted and maintained.

(b)Efficient, economic and effective use of resources must be promoted.

(c)Public administration must be development-oriented.

(d)Services must be provided impartially, fairly, equitably and without bias.

(e)People’s needs must be responded to, and the public must be encouraged to participate in policy-making.

(f)Public administration must be accountable.

(g)Transparency must be fostered by providing the public with timely, accessible and accurate information.

(h)Good human-resource management and career-development practices, to maximise human potential, must be cultivated.

(i)Public administration must be broadly representative of the South African people, with employment and personnel management practices based on ability, objectivity, fairness, and the need to redress the imbalances of the past to achieve broad representation.

(2)The above principles apply to -

(a)administration in every sphere of government;

(b)organs of sate; and

(c)public enterprises.

(3)National legislation must ensure the promotion of the values and principles listed in subsection (1).

(4)The appointment in public administration of a number of persons on policy considerations is not precluded, but national legislation must regulate these appointments in the public service.

(5)Legislation regulating public administration may differentiate between different sectors, administrations or institutions.

(6)The nature and functions of different sectors, administrations or institutions of public administration are relevant factors to be taken into account in legislation regulating public administration.

196. Public Service Conmission

(1)There is a single Public Service Commission for the Republic.

(2)The Commission is independent and must be impartial, and must exercise its powers and perform its functions without feat, favour or prejudice in the interest of the maintenance of effective and efficient public administration and a high standard of professional ethics in the public service. The Commission must be regulated by national legislation.

(3)Other organs of state, through legislative and other measures, must assist and protect the Commission to ensure the independence, impartiality, dignity and effectiveness of the Commission. No person or organ of state may interfere with the functioning of the Commission.

(4)The powers and functions of the Commission are -

(a)to promote the values and principles set out in section 195, throughout the public service;

(b)to investigate, monitor and evaluate the organisation and administration, and the personnel practices, of the public service;

(c)to propose measures to ensure effective and efficient performance within the public service;

(d)to give directions aimed at ensuring that personnel procedures relating to recruitment, transfers, promotions and dismissals comply with the values and principles set out in section 195;

(e)to report in respect of its activities and the performance of its functions, including any finding it may make and directions and advice it may give, and to provide an evaluation of the extent to which the values and principles set out in section 195 are complied with;

(f)either of its own accord or on receipt of any complaint -

(i)to investigate and evaluate the application of personnel and public administration practices, and to report to the relevant executive authority and legislature;

(ii)to investigate grievances of employees in the public service concerning official acts or omissions, and recommend appropriate remedies;

(iii)to monitor and investigate adherence to applicable procedures in the public service; and

(iv)to advise national and provincial organs of state regarding personnel practices in the public service, including those relating to the recruitment, appointment, transfer, discharge and other aspects of the careers of employees in the public service; and

(g)to exercise or perform the additional powers or functions prescribed by an Act of Parliament.[paragragh (g) added by section 3 of the Constitution Second Amendment Act, 1998]

(5)The Commission is accountable to the National Assembly.

(6)The Commission must report at least once a year in terms of subsection (4)(e) -

(a)to the National Assembly; and

(b)in respect of its activities in a province, to the legislature of that province.

(7)The Commission has the following 14 commissioners appointed by the President:

(a)Five commissioners approved by the National Assembly in accordance with subsection (8)(a); and

(b)one commissioner for each province nominated by the Premier of the province in accordance with subsection (8)(b).

(8)

(a)A commissioner appointed in terms of subsection (7)(a) must be -

(i)recommended by a committee of the National Assembly that is proportionally composed of members of all parties represented in the Assembly; and

(ii)approved by the Assembly by a resolution adopted with a supporting vote of a majority of its members.

(b)A commissioner nominated by the Premier of a province must be -

(i)recommended by a committee of the provincial legislature that is proportionally composed of members of all parties represented in the legislature; and

(ii)approved by the legislature by a resolution adopted with a supporting vote of a majority of its members.

(9)An Act of Parliament must regulate the procedure for the appointment of commissioners.

(10)A commissioner is appointed for a term of five years, which is renewable for one additional term only, and must be a woman or a man who is -

(a)a South African citizen; and

(b)a fit and proper person with knowledge of, or experience in, administration, management or the provision of public services.

(11)A commissioner may be removed from office only on -

(a)the ground of misconduct, incapacity or incompetence;

(b)a finding to that effect by a committee of the National Assembly or, in the case of a commissioner nominated by the Premier of a province, by a committee of the legislature of that province; and

(c)the adoption by the Assembly or the provincial legislature concerned, of a resolution with a supporting vote of a majority of its members calling for the commissioner’s removal from office.

(12)The President must remove the relevant commissioner from office upon -

(a)the adoption by the Assembly of a resolution calling for that commissioner’s removal; or

(b)written notification by the Premier that the provincial legislature has adopted a resolution calling for that commissioner’s removal.

(13)Commissioners referred to in subsection (7)(b) may exercise the powers and perform the functions of the Commission in their provinces as prescribed by national legislation.

197. Public service

(1)Within public administration there is a public service for the Republic, which must function, and be structured, in terms of national legislation, and which must loyally execute the lawful policies of the government of the day.

(2)The terms and conditions of employment in the public service must be regulated by national legislation. Employees are entitled to a fair pension as regulated by national legislation.

(3)No employee of the public service may be favoured or prejudiced only because that person supports a particular political party or cause.

(4)Provincial governments are responsible for the recruitment, appointment, promotion, transfer and dismissal of members of the public service in their administrations within a framework of uniform norms and standards applying to the public service.

Chapter 11
Security services

198. Governing principles

The following principles govern national security in the Republic:

(a)National security must reflect the resolve of South Africans, as individuals and as a nation, to live as equals, to live in peace and harmony, to be free from fear and want and to seek a better life.

(b)The resolve to live in peace and harmony precludes any South African citizen from participating in armed conflict, nationally or internationally, except as provided for in terms of the Constitution or national legislation.

(c)National security must be pursued in compliance with the law, including international law.

(d)National security is subject to the authority of Parliament and the national executive.

199. Establishment, structuring and conduct of security services

(1)The security services of the Republic consist of a single defence force, a single police service and any intelligence services established in terms of the Constitution.

(2)The defence force is the only lawful military force in the Republic.

(3)Other than the security services established in terms of the Constitution, armed organisations or services may be established only in terms of national legislation.

(4)The security services must be structured and regulated by national legislation.

(5)The security services must act, and must teach and require their members to act, in accordance with the Constitution and the law, including customary international law and international agreements binding on the Republic.

(6)No member of any security service may obey a manifestly illegal order.

(7)Neither the security services, nor any of their members, may, in the performance of their functions -

(a)prejudice a political party interest that is legitimate in terms of the Constitution; or

(b)further, in a partisan manner any interest of a political party.

(8)To give effect to the principles of transparency and accountability, multi-party parliamentary committees must have oversight of all security services in a manner determined by national legislation or the rules and orders of Parliament.

Defence

200. Defence force

(1)The defence force must be structured and managed as a disciplined military force.

(2)The primary object of the defence force is to defend and protect the Republic, its territorial integrity and its people in accordance with the Constitution and the principles of international law regulating the use of force.

201. Political responsibility

(1)A member of the Cabinet must be responsible for defence.

(2)Only the President, as head of the national executive, may authorise the employment of the defence force -

(a)in co-operation with the police service;

(b)in defence of the Republic; or

(c)in fulfilment of an international obligation.

(3)When the defence force is employed for any purpose mentioned in subsection (2), the President must inform Parliament, promptly and in appropriate detail, of -

(a)the reasons for the employment of the defence force;

(b)any place where the force is being employed;

(c)the number of people involved; and

(d)the period for which the force is expected to be employed.

(4)If Parliament does not sit during the first seven days after the defence force is employed as envisaged in subsection (2), the President must provide the information required in subsection (3) to the appropriate oversight committee.

202. Command of defence force

(1)The President as head of the national executive is Commander-in-chief of the defence force, and must appoint the Military Command of the defence force.

(2)Command of the defence force must be exercised in accordance with the directions of the Cabinet member responsible for defence, under the authority of the President.

203. State of national defence

(1)The President as head of the national executive may declare a state of national defence, and must inform Parliament promptly and in appropriate detail of -

(a)the reasons for the declaration;

(b)any place where the defence force is being employed; and

(c)the number of people involved.

(2)If Parliament is not sitting when a state of national defence is declared, the President must summon Parliament to an extraordinary sitting within seven days of the declaration.

(3)A declaration of a state of national defence lapses unless it is approved by Parliament within seven days of the declaration.

204. Defence civilian secretariat

A civilian secretariat for defence must be established by national legislation to function under the direction of the Cabinet member responsible for defence.

Police

205. Police service

(1)The national police service must be structured to function in the national, provincial and, where appropriate, local spheres of government.

(2)National legislation must establish the powers and functions of the police service and must enable the police service to discharge its responsibilities effectively, taking into account the requirements of the provinces.

(3)The objects of the police service are to prevent, combat and investigate crime, to maintain public order, to protect and secure the inhabitants of the Republic and their property, and to uphold and enforce the law.

206. Political responsibility

(1)A member of the Cabinet must be responsible for policing and must determine national policing policy after consulting the provincial governments and taking into account the policing needs and priorities of the provinces as determined by the provincial executives.

(2)The national policing policy may make provision for different policies in respect of different provinces after taking into account the policing needs and priorities of these provinces.

(3)Each province is entitled -

(a)to monitor police conduct;

(b)to oversee the effectiveness and efficiency of the police service, including receiving reports on the police service;

(c)to promote good relations between the police and the community;

(d)to assess the effectiveness of visible policing; and

(e)to liaise with the Cabinet member responsible for policing with respect to crime and policing in the province.

(4)A provincial executive is responsible for policing functions -

(a)vested in it by this Chapter;

(b)assigned to it in terms of national legislation; and

(c)allocated to it in the national policing policy.

(5)In order to perform the functions set out in subsection (3), a province -

(a)may investigate, or appoint a commission of inquiry into, any complaints of police inefficiency or a breakdown in relations between the police and any community; and

(b)must make recommendations to the Cabinet member responsible for policing.

(6)On receipt of a complaint lodged by a provincial executive, an independent police complaints body established by national legislation must investigate any alleged misconduct of, or offence committed by, a member of the police service in the province.

(7)National legislation must provide a framework for the establishment, powers, functions and control of municipal police services.

(8)A committee composed of the Cabinet member and the members of the Executive Councils responsible for policing must be established to ensure effective co-ordination of the police service and effective co-operation among the spheres of government.

(9)A provincial legislature may require the provincial commissioner of the province to appear before it or any of its committees to answer questions.

207. Control of police service

(1)The President as head of the national executive must appoint a woman or a man as the National Commissioner of the police service, to control and manage the police service.

(2)The National Commissioner must exercise control over and manage the police service in accordance with the national policing policy and the directions of the Cabinet member responsible for policing.

(3)The National Commissioner with the concurrence of the provincial executive, must appoint a woman or a man as the provincial commissioner for that province, but if the National Commissioner and the provincial executive are unable to agree on the appointment, the Cabinet member responsible for policing must mediate between the parties.

(4)The provincial commissioners are responsible for policing in their respective provinces -

(a)as prescribed by national legislation; and

(b)subject to the power of the National Commissioner to exercise control over and manage the police service in terms of subsection (2).

(5)The provincial commissioner must report to the provincial legislature annually on policing in the province, and must send a copy of the report to the National Commissioner.

(6)If the provincial commissioner has lost the confidence of the provincial executive, that executive may institute appropriate proceedings for the removal or transfer of, or disciplinary action against, that commissioner in accordance with national legislation.

208. Police civilian secretariat

A civilian secretariat for the police service must be established by national legislation to function under the direction of the Cabinet member responsible for policing.

Intelligence

209. Establishment and control of intelligence services

(1)Any intelligence service, other than any intelligence division of the defence force or police service, may be established only by the President, as head of the national executive, and only in terms of national legislation.

(2)The President as head of the national executive must appoint a woman or a man as head of each intelligence service established in terms of subsection (1), and must either assume political responsibility for the control and direction of any of those services, or designate a member of the Cabinet to assume that responsibility.

210. Powers, functions and monitoring

National legislation must regulate the objects, powers and functions of the intelligence services, including any intelligence division of the defence force or police service, and must provide for -

(a)the co-ordination of all intelligence services; and

(b)civilian monitoring of the activities of those services by an inspector appointed by the President, as head of the national executive, and approved by a resolution adopted by the National Assembly with a supporting vote of at least two thirds of its members.

Chapter 12
Traditional leaders

211. Recognition

(1)The institution, status and role of traditional leadership, according to customary law, are recognised, subject to the Constitution.

(2)A traditional authority that observes a system of customary law may function subject to any applicable legislation and customs, which includes amendments to, or repeal of, that legislation or those customs.

(3)The courts must apply customary law when that law is applicable, subject to the Constitution and any legislation that specifically deals with customary law.

212. Role of traditional leaders

(1)National legislation may provide for a role for traditional leadership as an institution at local level on matters affecting local communities.

(2)To deal with matters relating to traditional leadership, the role of traditional leaders, customary law and the customs of communities observing a system of customary law -

(a)national or provincial legislation may provide for the establishment of houses of traditional leaders; and

(b)national legislation may establish a council of traditional leaders.

Chapter 13
Finance

General financial matters

213. National Revenue Fund

(1)There is a National Revenue Fund into which all money received by the national government must be paid, except money reasonably excluded by an Act of Parliament.

(2)Money may be withdrawn from the National Revenue Fund only -

(a)in terms of an appropriation by an Act of Parliament; or

(b)as a direct charge against the National Revenue Fund, when it is provided for in the Constitution or an Act of Parliament.

(3)A province’s equitable share of revenue raised nationally is a direct charge against the National Revenue Fund.

214. Equitable shares aid allocatings of revenue

(1)An Act of Parliament must provide for -

(a)the equitable division of revenue raised nationally among the national, provincial and local spheres of government;

(b)the determination of each province’s equitable share of the provincial share of that revenue; and

(c)any other allocations to provinces, local government or municipalities from the national government’s share of that revenue, and any conditions on which those allocations may be made.

(2)The Act referred to in subsection (1) may be enacted only after the provincial governments, organised local government and the Financial and Fiscal Commission have been consulted, and any recommendations of the Commission have been considered, and must take into account -

(a)the national interest;

(b)any provision that must be made in respect of the national debt and other national obligations;

(c)the needs and interests of the national government, determined by objective criteria;

(d)the need to ensure that the provinces and municipalities are able to provide basic services and perform the functions allocated to them;

(e)the fiscal capacity and efficiency of the provinces and municipalities;

(f)developmental and other needs of provinces, local government and municipalities;

(g)economic disparities within and among the provinces;

(h)obligations of the provinces and municipalities in terms of national legislation;

(i)the desirability of stable and predictable allocations of revenue shares; and

(j)the need for flexibility in responding to emergencies or other temporary needs, and other factors based on similar objective criteria.

215. National, provincial and municipal budgets

(1)National, provincial and municipal budgets and budgetary processes must promote transparency, accountability and the effective financial management of the economy, debt and the public sector.

(2)National legislation must prescribe -

(a)the form of national, provincial and municipal budgets;

(b)when national and provincial budgets must be tabled; and

(c)that budgets in each sphere of government must show the sources of revenue and the way in which proposed expenditure will comply with national legislation.

(3)Budgets in each sphere of government must contain -

(a)estimates of revenue and expenditure, differentiating between capital and current expenditure;

(b)proposals for financing any anticipated deficit for the period to which they apply; and

(c)an indication of intentions regarding borrowing and other forms of public liability that will increase public debt during the ensuing year.

216. Treasury control

(1)National legislation must establish a national treasury and prescribe measures to ensure both transparency and expenditure control in each sphere of government, by introducing -

(a)generally recognised accounting practice;

(b)uniform expenditure classifications; and

(c)uniform treasury norms and standards.

(2)The national treasury must enforce compliance with the measures established in terms of subsection (1), and may stop the transfer of funds to an organ of state if that organ of state commits a serious or persistent material breach of those measures.[subsection (2) substituted by section 5(a) of the Constitution Seventh Amendment Act, 2001 on 26 April 2002]

(3)A decision to stop the transfer of funds due to a province in terms of section 214 (1)(b) may be taken only in the circumstances mentioned in subsection (2) and—[introductory phrase of subsection (3) substituted by section 5(b) of the Constitution Seventh Amendment Act, 2001 on 26 April 2002]

(a)may not stop the transfer of funds for more than 120 days; and

(b)may be enforced immediately, but will lapse retrospectively unless Parliament approves it following a process substantially the same as that established in terms of section 76(1) and prescribed by the joint rules and orders of Parliament. This process must be completed within 30 days of the decision by the national treasury.

(4)Parliament may renew a decision to stop the transfer of funds for no more than 120 days at a time, following the process established in terms of subsection (3).

(5)Before Parliament may approve or renew a decision to stop the transfer of funds to a province -

(a)the Auditor-General must report to Parliament; and

(b)the province must be given an opportunity to answer the allegations against it, and to state its case, before a committee.

217. Procurement

(1)When an organ of state in the national, provincial or local sphere of government, or any other institution identified in national legislation, contracts for goods or services, it must do so in accordance with a system which is fair, equitable, transparent, competitive and cost-effective.

(2)Subsection (1) does not prevent the organs of state or institutions referred to in that subsection from implementing a procurement policy providing for -

(a)categories of preference in the allocation of contracts; and

(b)the protection or advancement of persons, or categories of persons, disadvantaged by unfair discrimination.

(3)National legislation must prescribe a framework within which the policy referred to in subsection (2) must be implemented.[subsection (3) substituted by section 6 of the Constitution Seventh Amendment Act, 2001 on 26 April 2002]

218. Government guarantees

(1)The national government, a provincial government or a municipality may guarantee a loan only if the guarantee complies with any conditions set out in national legislation.

(2)National legislation referred to in subsection (1) may be enacted only after any recommendations of the Financial and Fiscal Commission have been considered.

(3)Each year, every government must publish a report on the guarantees it has granted.

219. Remuneration of persons holding public office

(1)An Act of Parliament must establish a framework for determining -

(a)the salaries, allowances and benefits of members of the National Assembly, permanent delegates to the National Council of Provinces, members of the Cabinet, Deputy Ministers, traditional leaders and members of any councils of traditional leaders; and

(b)the upper limit of salaries, allowances or benefits of members of provincial legislatures, members of Executive Councils and members of Municipal Councils of the different categories.

(2)National legislation must establish an independent commission to make recommendations concerning the salaries, allowances and benefits referred to in subsection (1).

(3)Parliament may pass the legislation referred to in subsection (1) only after considering any recommendations of the commission established in terms of subsection (2).

(4)The national executive, a provincial executive, a municipality or any other relevant authority may implement the national legislation referred to in subsection (1) only after considering any recommendations of the commission established in terms of subsection (2).

(5)National legislation must establish frameworks for determining the salaries, allowances and benefits of judges, the Public Protector, the Auditor-General, and members of any commission provided for in the Constitution, including the broadcasting authority referred to in section 192.

Financial and Fiscal Commission

220. Establishment and functions

(1)There is a Financial and Fiscal Commission for the Republic which makes recommendations envisaged in this Chapter, or in national legislation, to Parliament, provincial legislatures and any other authorities determined by national legislation.

(2)The Commission is independent and subject only to the Constitution and the law, and must be impartial.

(3)The Commission must function in terms of an Act of Parliament and, in performing its functions, must consider all relevant factors, including those listed in section 214(2).

221. Appointment and tenure of members

(1)The Commission consists of the following women and men appointed by the President, as head of the national executive:

(a)A chairperson and deputy chairperson;

(b)three persons selected, after consulting the Premiers, from a list compiled in accordance with a process prescribed by national legislation;

(c)two persons selected, after consulting organised local government, from a list compiled in accordance with a process prescribed by national legislation; and

(d)two other persons.

[subsection (1) amended by section 2 of the Constitution Fifth Amendment Act, 1999 and substituted by section 7(a) of the Constitution Seventh Amendment Act, 2001 on 1 December 2003]

(1A)National legislation referred to in subsection (1) must provide for the participation of—

(a)the Premiers in the compilation of a list envisaged in subsection (1)(b); and

(b)organised local government in the compilation of a list envisaged in subsection (1)(c).

[subsection (1A) inserted by section 7(b) of the Constitution Seventh Amendment Act, 2001 on 1 December 2003]

(2)Members of the Commission must have appropriate expertise.

(3)Members serve for a term established in terms of national legislation. The President may remove a member from office on the ground of misconduct, incapacity or incompetence.

222. Reports

The Commission must report regularly both to Parliament and to the provincial legislatures.

Central bank

223. Establishment

The South African Reserve Bank is the central bank of the Republic and is regulated in terms of an Act of Parliament.

224. Primary object

(1)The primary object of the South African Reserve Bank is to protect the value of the currency in the interest of balanced and sustainable economic growth in the Republic.

(2)The South African Reserve Bank, in pursuit of its primary object, must perform its functions independently and without fear, favour or prejudice, but there must be regular consultation between the Bank and the Cabinet member responsible for national financial matters.

225. Powers and functions

The powers and functions of the South African Reserve Bank are those customarily exercised and performed by central banks, which powers and functions must be determined by an Act of Parliament and must be exercised or performed subject to the conditions prescribed in terms of that Act.

Provincial and local financial matters

226. Provincial Revenue Funds

(1)There is a Provincial Revenue Fund for each province into which all money received by the provincial government must be paid, except money reasonably excluded by an Act of Parliament.

(2)Money may be withdrawn from a Provincial Revenue Fund only -

(a)in terms of an appropriation by a provincial Act; or

(b)as a direct charge against the Provincial Revenue Fund, when it is provided for in the Constitution or a provincial Act.

(3)Revenue allocated through a province to local government in that province in terms of section 214(1), is a direct charge against that province’s Revenue Fund.

(4)National legislation may determine a framework within which—

(a)a provincial Act may in terms of subsection (2)(b) authorise the withdrawal of money as a direct charge against a Provincial Revenue Fund; and

(b)revenue allocated through a province to local government in that province in terms of subsection (3) must be paid to municipalities in the province.

[subsection (4) added by section 8 of the Constitution Seventh Amendment Act, 2001 on 26 April 2002]

227. National sources of provincial and local government funding

(1)Local government and each province -

(a)is entitled to an equitable share of revenue raised nationally to enable it to provide basic services and perform the functions allocated to it; and

(b)may receive other allocations from national government revenue, either conditionally or unconditionally

(2)Additional revenue raised by provinces or municipalities may not be deducted from their share of revenue raised nationally, or from other allocations made to them out of national government revenue. Equally, there is no obligation on the national government to compensate provinces or municipalities that do not raise revenue commensurate with their fiscal capacity and tax base.

(3)A province’s equitable share of revenue raised nationally must be transferred to the province promptly and without deduction, except when the transfer has been stopped in terms of section 216.

(4)A province must provide for itself any resources that it requires, in terms of a provision of its provincial constitution, that are additional to its requirements envisaged in the Constitution.

228. Provincial taxes

(1)A provincial legislature may impose —

(a)taxes, levies and duties other than income tax, value-added tax, general sales tax, rates on property or customs duties; and

(b)flat-rate surcharges on any tax, levy or duty that is imposed by national legislation, other than on corporate income tax, value-added tax, rates on property or customs duties.[paragraph (b) substituted by section 9 of the Constitution Seventh Amendment Act, 2001 on 26 April 2002]

(2)The power of a provincial legislature to impose taxes, levies, duties and surcharges —

(a)may not be exercised in a way that materially and unreasonably prejudices national economic policies, economic activities across provincial boundaries, or the national mobility of goods, services, capital or labour; and

(b)must be regulated in terms of an Act of Parliament, which may be enacted only after any recommendations of the Financial and Fiscal Commission have been considered.

229. Municipal fiscal powers and functions

(1)Subject to subsections (2), (3) and (4), a municipality may impose -

(a)rates on property and surcharges on fees for services provided by or on behalf of the municipality; and

(b)if authorised by national legislation, other taxes, levies and duties appropriate to local government or to the category of local government into which that municipality falls, but no municipality may impose income tax, value-added tax, general sales tax or customs duty.

(2)The power of a municipality to impose rates on property, surcharges on fees for services provided by or on behalf of the municipality, or other taxes, levies or duties -

(a)may not be exercised in a way that materially and unreasonably prejudices national economic policies, economic activities across municipal boundaries, or the national mobility of goods, services, capital or labour; and

(b)may be regulated by national legislation.

(3)When two municipalities have the same fiscal powers and functions with regard to the same area, an appropriate division of those powers and functions must be made in terms of national legislation. The division may be made only after taking into account at least the following criteria:

(a)The need to comply with sound principles of taxation.

(b)The powers and functions performed by each municipality.

(c)The fiscal capacity of each municipality.

(d)The effectiveness and efficiency of raising taxes, levies and duties.

(e)Equity.

(4)Nothing in this section precludes the sharing of revenue raised in terms of this section between municipalities that have fiscal power and functions in the same area.

(5)National legislation envisaged in this section may be enacted only after organised local government and the Financial and Fiscal Commission have been consulted, and any recommendations of the Commission have been considered.

230. Provincial loans

(1)A province may raise loans for capital or current expenditure in accordance with national legislation, but loans for current expenditure may be raised only when necessary for bridging purposes during a fiscal year.

(2)National legislation referred to in subsection (1) may be enacted only after any recommendations of the Financial and Fiscal Commission have been considered.[section 230 substituted by section 10 of the Constitution Seventh Amendment Act, 2001 on 26 April 2002]

230A. Municipal loans

(1)A Municipal Council may, in accordance with national legislation—

(a)raise loans for capital or current expenditure for the municipality, but loans for current expenditure may be raised only when necessary for bridging purposes during a fiscal year; and

(b)bind itself and a future Council in the exercise of its legislative and executive authority to secure loans or investments for the municipality.

(2)National legislation referred to in subsection (1) may be enacted only after any recommendations of the Financial and Fiscal Commission have been considered.

[section 230A inserted by section 17 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

Chapter 14
General Provisions

International law

231. International agreements

(1)The negotiating and signing of all international agreements is the responsibility of the national executive.

(2)An international agreement binds the Republic only after it has been approved by resolution in both the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces, unless it is an agreement referred to in subsection (3).

(3)An international agreement of a technical, administrative or executive nature, or an agreement which does not require either ratification or accession, entered into by the national executive, binds the Republic without approval by the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces, but must be tabled in the Assembly and the Council within a reasonable time.

(4)Any international agreement becomes law in the Republic when it is enacted into law by national legislation; but a self-executing provision of an agreement that has been approved by Parliament is law in the Republic unless it is inconsistent with the Constitution or an Act of Parliament.

(5)The Republic is bound by international agreements which were binding on the Republic when this Constitution took effect.

232. Customary international law

Customary international law is law in the Republic unless it is inconsistent with the Constitution or an Act of Parliament.

233. Application of international law

When interpreting any legislation, every court must prefer any reasonable interpretation of the legislation that is consistent with international law over any alternative interpretation that is inconsistent with intemational law.

Other matters

234. Charters of Rights

In order to deepen the culture of democracy established by the Constitution, Parliament may adopt Charters of Rights consistent with the provisions of the Constitution.

235. Self-determination

The right of the South African people as a whole to self-determination, as manifested in this Constitution, does not preclude, within the framework of this right, recognition of the notion of the right of self-determination of any community sharing a common cultural and language heritage, within a territorial entity in the Republic or in any other way, determined by national legislation.

236. Funding for political parties

To enhance multi-party democracy, national legislation must provide for the funding of political parties participating in national and provincial legislatures on an equitable and proportional basis.

237. Diligent performance of obligations

All constitutional obligations must be performed diligently and without delay.

238. Agency and delegation

An executive organ of state in any sphere of government may -

(a)delegate any power or function that is to be exercised or performed in terms of legislation to any other executive organ of state, provided the delegation is consistent with the legislation in terms of which the power is exercised or the function is performed; or

(b)exercise any power or perform any function for any other executive organ of state on an agency or delegation basis.

239. Definitions

In the Constitution, unless the context indicates otherwise -"national legislation" includes -(a)subordinate legislation made in terms of an Act of Parliament; and(b)legislation that was in force when the Constitution took effect and that is administered by the national government;"organ of state" means -(a)any department of state or administration in the national, provincial or local sphere of government; or(b)any other functionary or institution -(i)exercising a power or performing a function in terms of the Constitution or a provincial constitution; or(ii)exercising a public power or performing a public function in terms of any legislation,but does not include a court or a judicial officer;"provincial legislation" includes -(a)subordinate legislation made in terms of a provincial Act; and(b)legislation that was in force when the Constitution took effect and that is administered by a provincial government.

240. Inconsistencies between different texts

In the event of an inconsistency between different texts of the Constitution, the English text prevails.

241. Transitional arrangements

Schedule 6 applies to the transition to the new constitutional order established by this Constitution, and any matter incidental to that transition.

242. Repeal of laws

The laws mentioned in Schedule 7 are repealed, subject to section 243 and Schedule 6.

243. Short title and commencement

(1)This Act is called the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, and comes into effect as soon as possible on a date set by the President by proclamation, which may not be a date later than 1 July 1997.

(2)The President may set different dates before the date mentioned in subsection (1) in respect of different provisions of the Constitution.

(3)Unless the context otherwise indicates, a reference in a provision of the Constitution to a time when the Constitution took effect must be construed as a reference to the time when that provision took effect.

(4)If a different date is set for any particular provision of the Constitution in terms of subsection (2), any corresponding provision of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 (Act 200 of 1993), mentioned in the proclamation, is repealed with effect from the same date.

(5)Sections 213, 214, 215, 216, 218, 226, 227, 228, 229 and 230 come into effect on 1 January 1998, but this does not preclude the enactment in terms of this Constitution of legislation envisaged in any of these provisions before that date. Until that date any corresponding and incidental provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993, remain in force.

Schedule 1

National flag

(1)The national flag is rectangular; it is one and a half times longer than it is wide.

(2)It is black, gold, green, white, chilli red and blue.

(3)It has a green Y-shaped band that is one fifth as wide as the flag. The centre lines of the band start in the top and bottom comers next to the flag post, converge in the centre of the flag, and continue horizontally to the middle of the free edge.

(4)The green band is edged, above and below in white, and towards the flag post end, in gold. Each edging is one fifteenth as wide as the flag.

(5)The triangle next to the flag post is black.

(6)The upper horizontal band is chilli red and the lower horizontal band is blue. These bands are each one third as wide as the flag.

Schedule 1A

Geographical areas of Provinces

The Province of the Eastern Cape

Map No. 3 of Schedule 1 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 6 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 7 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 8 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 9 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 10 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 11 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005[geographical area of the Province of the Eastern Cape substituted by section 1(a) of the Constitution Thirteenth Amendment Act, 2007 but no changes were indicated]

The Province of the Free State

Map No. 12 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 13 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 14 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 15 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 16 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005

The Province of Gauteng

Map No. 4 in Notice 1490 of 2008Map No. 17 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 18 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 19 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 20 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 21 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005[geographical area of the Province of Gauteng amended by section 1(a) of the Constitution Sixteenth Amendment Act, 2009]

The Province of KwaZulu-Natal

Map No. 22 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 23 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 24 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 25 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 26 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 27 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 28 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 29 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 30 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 31 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 32 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005[geographical area of the Province of KwaZulu-Natal substituted by section 1(b) of the Constitution Thirteenth Amendment Act, 2007]

The Province of Limpopo

Map No. 33 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 34 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 35 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 36 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 37 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005

The Province of Mpumalanga

Map No. 38 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 39 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 40 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005

The Province of the Northern Cape

Map No. 41 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 42 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 43 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 44 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 45 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005

The Province of North West

Map No. 5 in Notice 1490 of 2008Map No. 46 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 47 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 48 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005[geographical area of the Province of North West amended by section 1(b) of the Constitution Sixteenth Amendment Act, 2009]

The Province of the Western Cape

Map No. 49 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 50 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 51 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 52 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 53 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005Map No. 54 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005

[Schedule 1A inserted by section 4 of the Constitution Twelfth Amendment Act, 2005]

Schedule 2

Oaths and solemn affirmations

1. Oath or solemn affirmation of President and Acting President

The President or Acting President, before the Chief Justice, or another judge designated by the Chief Justice, must swear/affirm as follows:In the presence of everyone assembled here, and in full realisation of the high calling I assume as President/Acting President of the Republic of South Africa, I, A.B., swear/solemnly affirm that I will be faithful to the Republic of South Africa, and will obey, observe, uphold and maintain the Constitution and all other law of the Republic; and I solemnly and sincerely promise that I will always -□ promote all that will advance the Republic, and oppose all that may harm it;□ protect and promote the rights of all South Africans;□ discharge my duties with all my strength and talents to the best of my knowledge and ability and true to the dictates of my conscience;□ do justice to all; and□ devote myself to the well-being of the Republic and all of its people.(In the case of an oath: So help me God.)

2. Oath or solemn affirmation of Deputy President

The Deputy President, before the Chief Justice or another judge designated by the Chief Justice, must swear/affirm as follows:In the presence of everyone assembled here, and in full realisation of the high calling I assume as Deputy President of the Republic of South Africa, I, A.B., swear/solemnly affirm that I will be faithful to the Republic of South Africa and will obey, observe, uphold and maintain the Constitution and all other law of the Republic; and I solemnly and sincerely promise that I will always -□ promote all that will advance the Republic, and oppose all that may harm it;□ be a true and faithful counsellor;□ discharge my duties with all my strength and talents to the best of my knowledge and ability and true to the dictates of my conscience;□ do justice to all; and□ devote myself to the well-being of the Republic and all of its people.(In the case of an oath: So help me God.)

3. Oath or solemn affirmation of Ministers and Deputy Ministers

Each Minister and Deputy Minister, before the Chief Justice or another judge designated by the Chief Justice, must swear/affirm as follows:I, A.B., swear/solemnly affirm that I will be faithful to the Republic of South Africa and will obey, respect and uphold the Constitution and all other law of the Republic; and I undertake to hold my office as Minister/Deputy Minister with honour and dignity; to be a true and faithful counsellor; not to divulge directly or indirectly any secret matter entrusted to me; and to perform the functions of my office conscientiously and to the best of my ability.(In the case of an oath: So help me God.)

4. Oath or solemn affirmation of members of the National Assembly, permanent delegates to the National Council of Provinces and members of the provincial legislatures

(1)Members of the National Assembly, permanent delegates to the National Council of Provinces and members of provincial legislatures, before the Chief Justice or a judge designated by the Chief Justice, must swear or affirm as follows:I, A.B., swear/solemnly affirm that I will be faithful to the Republic of South Africa and will obey, respect and uphold the Constitution and all other law of the Republic; and I solemnly promise to perform my functions as a member of the National Assembly/ permanent delegate to the National Council of Provinces/member of the legislature of the province of C.D. to the best of my ability.(In the case of an oath: So help me God.)

(2)Persons filling a vacancy in the National Assembly, a permanent delegation to the National Council of Provinces or a provincial legislature may swear or affirm in terms of subitem (1) before the presiding officer of the Assembly, Council or legislature, as the case may be.

5. Oath or solemn affirmation of Premiers, Acting Premiers and members of provincial Executive Councils

The Premier or Acting Premier of a province, and each member of the Executive Council of a province, before the Chief Justice or a judge designated by the Chief Justice, must swear/affirm as follows:I, A.B., swear/solemnly affirm that I will be faithful to the Republic of South Africa and will obey, respect and uphold the Constitution and all other law of the Republic; and I undertake to hold my office as Premier/Acting Premier/member of the Executive Council of the province of C.D. with honour and dignity; to be a true and faithful counsellor; not to divulge directly or indirectly any secret matter entrusted to me; and to perform the functions of my office conscientiously and to the best of my ability.(In the case of an oath: So help me God.)

6. Oath or solemn affirmation of judicial officers

(1)Each judge or acting judge, before the Chief Justice or another judge designated by the Chief Justice, must swear or affirm as follows:I, A.B., swear/solemnly affirm that, as a Judge of the Constitutional Court/Supreme Court of Appeal/High Court/ E.F. Court, I will be faithful to the Republic of South Africa, will uphold and protect the Constitution and the human rights entrenched in it, and will administer justice to all persons alike without fear, favour or prejudice, in accordance with the Constitution and the law.(In the case of an oath: So help me God.)

(2)A person appointed to the office of Chief Justice who is not already a judge at the time of that appointment must swear or affirm before the Deputy Chief Justice, or failing that judge, the next most senior available judge of the Constitutional Court.

(3)Judicial officers, and acting judicial officers, other than judges, must swear/affirm in terms of national legislation.

[Schedule 2 amended by section 2 of the Constitution First Amendment Act, 1997 and substituted by section 18 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

Schedule 3

Election Procedures

Part A – Election procedures for constitutional office-bearers

1. Application

The procedure set out in this Schedule applies whenever -

(a)the National Assembly meets to elect the President, or the Speaker or Deputy Speaker of the Assembly;

(b)the National Council of Provinces meets to elect its Chairperson or a Deputy Chairperson; or

(c)a provincial legislature meets to elect the Premier of the province or the Speaker or Deputy Speaker of the legislature.

2. Nominations

The person presiding at a meeting to which this Schedule applies must call for the nomination of candidates at the meeting.

3. Formal requirements

(1)A nomination must be made on the form prescribed by the rules mentioned in item 9.

(2)The form on which a nomination is made must be signed -

(a)by two members of the National Assembly, if the President or the Speaker or Deputy Speaker of the Assembly is to be elected;

(b)on behalf of two provincial delegations, if the Chairperson or a Deputy Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces is to be elected; or

(c)by two members of the relevant provincial legislature, if the Premier of the province or the Speaker or Deputy Speaker of the legislature is to be elected.

(3)A person who is nominated must indicate acceptance of the nomination by signing either the nomination form or any other form of written confirmation.

4. Announcement of names of candidates

At a meeting to which this Schedule applies, the person presiding must announce the names of the persons who have been nominated as candidates, but may not permit any debate.

5. Single candidate

If only one candidate is nominated, the person presiding must declare that candidate elected.

6. Election procedure

If more than one candidate is nominated -

(a)a vote must be taken at the meeting by secret ballot;

(b)each member present, or if it is a meeting of the National Council of Provinces, each province represented, at the meeting may cast one vote; and

(c)the person presiding must declare elected the candidate who receives a majority of the votes.

7. Elimination procedure

(1)If no candidate receives a majority of the votes, the candidate who receives the lowest number of votes must be eliminated and a further vote taken on the remaining candidates in accordance with item 6. This procedure must be repeated until a candidate receives a majority of the votes.

(2)When applying subitem (1), if two or more candidates each have the lowest number of votes, a separate vote must be taken on those candidates, and repeated as often as may be necessary to determine which candidate is to be eliminated.

8. Further meetings

(1)If only two candidates are nominated, or if only two candidates remain after an elimination procedure has been applied, and those two candidates receive the same number of votes, a further meeting must be held within seven days, at a time determined by the person presiding.

(2)If a further meeting is held in terms of subitem (1), the procedure prescribed in this Schedule must be applied at that meeting as if it were the first meeting for the election in question.

9. Rules

(1)The Chief Justice must make rules prescribing -

(a)the procedure for meetings to which this Schedule applies;

(b)the duties of any person presiding at a meeting, and of any person assisting the person presiding;

(c)the form on which nominations must be submitted; and

(d)the manner in which voting is to be conducted.

(2)These rules must be made known in the way that the Chief Justice determines.[item 9 substituted by section 19 of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

Part B – Formula to determine party participation in provincial delegations to the National Council of Provinces

1.The number of delegates in a provincial delegation to the National Council of Provinces to which a party is entitled, must be determined by multiplying the number of seats the party holds in the provincial legislature by ten and dividing the result by the number of seats in the legislature plus one.

2.If a calculation in terms of item 1 yields a surplus not absorbed by the delegates allocated to a party in terms of that item, the surplus must compete with similar surpluses accruing to any other party or parties, and any undistributed delegates in the delegation must be allocated to the party or parties in the sequence of the highest surplus.

3.If the competing surpluses envisaged in item 2 are equal, the undistributed delegates in the delegation must be allocated to the party or parties with the same surplus in the sequence from the highest to the lowest number of votes that have been recorded for those parties during the last election for the provincial legislature concerned.[item 3 added by section 2 of the Constitution Fourth Amendment Act, 1999, and substituted by section 3 of the Constitution Ninth Amendment Act, 2002 and by section 5(a) of the Constitution Fourteenth Amendment Act, 2008]

4.If more than one party with the same surplus recorded the same number of votes during the last election for the provincial legislature concerned, the legislature concerned must allocate the undistributed delegates in the delegation to the party or parties with the same surplus in a manner which is consistent with democracy.[item 4 added by section 5(b) of the Constitution Fourteenth Amendment Act, 2008]

Schedule 4

Functional areas of concurrent national and provincial legislative competence

Part A

Administration of indigenous forestsAgricultureAirports other than international and national airportsAnimal control and diseasesCasinos, racing, gambling and wagering, excluding lotteries and sports poolsConsumer protectionCultural mattersDisaster managementEducation at all levels, excluding tertiary educationEnvironmentHealth servicesHousingIndigenous law and customary law, subject to Chapter 12 of the ConstitutionIndustrial promotionLanguage policy and the regulation of official languages to the extent that the provisions of section 6 of the Constitution expressly confer upon the provincial legislatures legislative competenceMedia services directly controlled or provided by the provincial government, subject to section 192Nature conservation, excluding national parks, national botanical gardens and marine resourcesPolice to the extent that the provisions of Chapter 11 of the Constitution confer upon the provincial legislatures legislative competencePollution controlPopulation developmentProperty transfer feesProvincial public enterprises in respect of the functional areas in this Schedule and Schedule 5Public transportPublic works only in respect of the needs of provincial government departments in the discharge of their responsibilities to administer functions specifically assigned to them in terms of the Constitution or any other lawRegional planning and developmentRoad traffic regulationSoil conservationTourismTradeTraditional leadership, subject to Chapter 12 of the ConstitutionUrban and rural developmentVehicle licensingWelfare services

Part B

The following local government matters to the extent set out in section 155(6)(a) and (7):Air pollutionBuilding regulationsChild care facilitiesElectricity and gas reticulationFirefighting servicesLocal tourismMunicipal airportsMunicipal planningMunicipal health servicesMunicipal public transportMunicipal public works only in respect of the needs of municipalities in the discharge of their responsibilities to administer functions specifically assigned to them under this Constitution or any other lawPontoons, ferries, jetties, piers and harbours, excluding the regulation of international and national shipping and matters related theretoStormwater management systems in built-up areasTrading regulationsWater and sanitation services limited to potable water supply systems and domestic waste-water and sewage disposal systems

Schedule 5

Functional areas of exclusive provincial legislative competence

Part A

AbattoirsAmbulance servicesArchives other than national archivesLibraries other than national librariesLiquor licencesMuseums other than national museumsProvincial planningProvincial cultural mattersProvincial recreation and amenitiesProvincial sportProvincial roads and trafficVeterinary services, excluding regulation of the profession

Part B

The following local government matters to the extent set out for provinces in section 155(6)(a) and (7):Beaches and amusement facilitiesBillboards and the display of advertisements in public placesCemeteries, funeral parlours and crematoriaCleansingControl of public nuisancesControl of undertakings that sell liquor to the publicFacilities for the accommodation, care and burial of animalsFencing and fencesLicensing of dogsLicensing and control of undertakings that sell food to the publicLocal amenitiesLocal sport facilitiesMarketsMunicipal abattoirsMunicipal parks and recreationMunicipal roadsNoise pollutionPoundsPublic placesRefuse removal, refuse dumps and solid waste disposalStreet tradingStreet lightingTraffic and parking

Schedule 6

Transitional arrangements

1. Definitions

In this Schedule, unless inconsistent with the context —"homeland" means a part of the Republic which, before the previous Constitution took effect, was dealt with in South African legislation as an independent or a self-governing territory;"new Constitution" means the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996;"old order legislation" means legislation enacted before the previous Constitution took effect;"previous Constitution" means the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 (Act 200 of 1993).

2. Continuation of existing law

(1)All law that was in force when the new Constitution took effect, continues in force, subject to -

(a)any amendment or repeal; and

(b)consistency with the new Constitution.

(2)Old order legislation that continues in force in terms of subitem (1) -

(a)does not have a wider application, territorially or otherwise, than it had before the previous Constitution took effect unless subsequently amended to have a wider application; and

(b)continues to be administered by the authorities that administered it when the new Constitution took effect, subject to the new Constitution.

3. Interpretation of existing legislation

(1)Unless inconsistent with the context or clearly inappropriate, a reference in any legislation that existed when the new Constitution took effect -

(a)to the Republic of South Africa or a homeland (except when it refers to a territorial area), must be construed as a reference to the Republic of South Africa under the new Constitution;

(b)to Parliament, the National Assembly or the Senate, must be construed as a reference to Parliament, the National Assembly or the National Council of Provinces under the new Constitution;

(c)to the President, an Executive Deputy President, a Minister, Deputy Minister or the Cabinet, must be construed as a reference to the President, the Deputy President, a Minister, a Deputy Minister or the Cabinet under the new Constitution, subject to item 9 of this Schedule;

(d)to the President of the Senate, must be construed as a reference to the Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces;

(e)to a provincial legislature, Premier, Executive Council or member of an Executive Council of a province, must be construed as a reference to a provincial legislature, Premier, Executive Council or member of an Executive Council under the new Constitution, subject to item 12 of this Schedule; or

(f)to an official language or languages, must be construed as a reference to any of the official languages under the new Constitution.

(2)Unless inconsistent with the context or clearly inappropriate, a reference in any remaining old order legislation -

(a)to a Parliament, a House of a Parliament or a legislative assembly or body of the Republic or of a homeland, must be construed as a reference to -

(i)Parliament under the new Constitution, if the administration of that legislation has been allocated or assigned in terms of the previous Constitution or this Schedule to the national executive; or

(ii)the provincial legislature of a province, if the administration of that legislation has been allocated or assigned in terms of the previous Constitution or this Schedule to a provincial executive; or

(b)to a State President, Chief Minister, Administrator or other chief executive, Cabinet, Ministers’ Council or executive council of the Republic or of a homeland, must be construed as a reference to -

(i)the President under the new Constitution, if the administration of that legislation has been allocated or assigned in terms of the previous Constitution or this Schedule to the national executive; or

(ii)the Premier of a province under the new Constitution, if the administration of that legislation has been allocated or assigned in terms of the previous Constitution or this Schedule to a provincial executive.

4. National Assembly

(1)Anyone who was a member or office-bearer of the National Assembly when the new Constitution took effect, becomes a member or office-bearer of the National Assembly under the new Constitution, and holds office as a member or office-bearer in terms of the new Constitution.

(2)The National Assembly as constituted in terms of subitem (1) must be regarded as having been elected under the new Constitution for a term that expires on 30 April 1999.

(3)The National Assembly consists of 400 members for the duration of its term that expires on 30 April 1999, subject to section 49(4) of the new Constitution.

(4)The rules and orders of the National Assembly in force when the new Constitution took effect, continue in force, subject to any amendment or repeal.

5. Unfinished business before Parliament

(1)Any unfinished business before the National Assembly when the new Constitution takes effect must be proceeded with in terms of the new Constitution.

(2)Any unfinished business before the Senate when the new Constitution takes effect must be referred to the National Council of Provinces, and the Council must proceed with that business in terms of the new Constitution.

6. Elections of National Assembly

(1)No election of the National Assembly may be held before 30 April 1999 unless the Assembly is dissolved in terms of section 50(2) after a motion of no confidence in the President in terms of section 102(2) of the new Constitution.

(2)Section 50(1) of the new Constitution is suspended until 30 April 1999.

(3)Despite the repeal of the previous Constitution, Schedule 2 to that Constitution, as amended by Annexure A to this Schedule, applies -

(a)to the first election of the National Assembly under the new Constitution;

(b)to the loss of membership of the Assembly in circumstances other than those provided for in section 47(3) of the new Constitution; and

(c)to the filling of vacancies in the Assembly, and the supplementation, review and use of party lists for the filling of vacancies, until the second election of the Assembly under the new Constitution.

(4)Section 47(4) of the new Constitution is suspended until the second election of the National Assembly under the new Constitution.

7. National Council of Provinces

(1)For the period which ends immediately before the first sitting of a provincial legislature held after its first election under the new Constitution -

(a)the proportion of party representation in the province’s delegation to the National Council of Provinces must be the same as the proportion in which the province’s 10 senators were nominated in terms of section 48 of the previous Constitution; and

(b)the allocation of permanent delegates and special delegates to the parties represented in the provincial legislature, is as follows:

Province	Permanent delegates	Special delegates
1. Eastern Cape	ANC 5NP 1	ANC 4
2. Free State	ANC 4FF 1NP 1	ANC 4
3. Gauteng	ANC 3DP 1IFP 3NP 1	ANC 3NP 1
4. KwaZulu-Natal	ANC 1DP 1IFP 3NP 1	ANC 2IFP 2
5. Mpumalanga	ANC 4FF 1NP 1	ANC 4
6. Northern Cape	ANC 3FF 1NP 2	ANC 2NP 2
7. Northern Province	ANC 6	ANC 4
8. North West	ANC 4FF 1NP 1	ANC 4
9. Western Cape	ANC 2DP 1NP 3	ANC 1NP 3

(2)A party represented in a provincial legislature -

(a)must nominate its permanent delegates from among the persons who were senators when the new Constitution took effect and are available to serve as permanent delegates; and

(b)may nominate other persons as permanent delegates only if none or an insufficient number of its former senators are available.

(3)A provincial legislature must appoint its permanent delegates in accordance with the nominations of the parties.

(4)Subitems (2) and (3) apply only to the first appointment of permanent delegates to the National Council of Provinces.

(5)Section 62(1) of the new Constitution does not apply to the nomination and appointment of former senators as permanent delegates in terms of this item.

(6)The rules and orders of the Senate in force when the new Constitution took effect, must be applied in respect of the business of the National Council to the extent that they can be applied, subject to any amendment or repeal.

8. Former senators

(1)A former senator who is not appointed as a permanent delegate to the National Council of Provinces is entitled to become a full voting member of the legislature of the province from which that person was nominated as a senator in terms of section 48 of the previous Constitution.

(2)If a former senator elects not to become a member of a provincial legislature that person is regarded as having resigned as a senator the day before the new Constitution took effect.

(3)The salary, allowances and benefits of a former senator appointed as a permanent delegate or as a member of a provincial legislature may not be reduced by reason only of that appointment.

9. National executive

(1)Anyone who was the President, an Executive Deputy President, a Minister or a Deputy Minister under the previous Constitution when the new Constitution took effect, continues in and holds that office in terms of the new Constitution, but subject to subitem (2).

(2)Until 30 April 1999, sections 84, 89, 90, 91, 93 and 96 of the new Constitution must be regarded to read as set out in Annexure B to this Schedule.

(3)Subitem (2) does not prevent a Minister who was a senator when the new Constitution took effect, from continuing as a Minister referred to in section 91(1)(a) of the new Constitution, as that section reads in Annexure B.

10. Provincial legislature

(1)Anyone who was a member or office-bearer of a province’s legislature when the new Constitution took effect, becomes a member or office-bearer of the legislature for that province under the new Constitution, and holds office as a member or office-bearer in terms of the new Constitution and any provincial constitution that may be enacted.

(2)A provincial legislature as constituted in terms of subitem (1) must be regarded as having been elected under the new Constitution for a term that expires on 30 April 1999.

(3)For the duration of its term that expires on 30 April 1999, and subject to section 108(4), a provincial legislature consists of the number of members determined for that legislature under the previous Constitution plus the number of former senators who became members of the legislature in terms of item 8 of this Schedule.

(4)The rules and orders of a provincial legislature in force when the new Constitution took effect, continue in force, subject to any amendment or repeal.

11. Elections of provincial legislatures

(1)Despite the repeal of the previous Constitution, Schedule 2 to that Constitution, as amended by Annexure A to this Schedule, applies -

(a)to the first election of a provincial legislature under the new Constitution;

(b)to the loss of membership of a legislature in circumstances other than those provided for in section 106(3) of the new Constitution; and

(c)to the filling of vacancies in a legislature, and the supplementation, review and use of party lists for the filling of vacancies, until the second election of the legislature under the new Constitution.

(2)Section 106(4) of the new Constitution is suspended in respect of a provincial legislature until the second election of the legislature under the new Constitution.

12. Provincial executives

(1)Anyone who was the Premier or a member of the Executive Council of a province when the new Constitution took effect, continues in and holds that office in terms of the new Constitution and any provincial constitution that may be enacted, but subject to subitem (2).

(2)Until the Premier elected after the first election of a province’s legislature under the new Constitution assumes office, or the province enacts its constitution, whichever occurs first, sections 132 and 136 of the new Constitution must be regarded to read as set out in Annexure C to this Schedule.

13. Provincial constitutions

A provincial constitution passed before the new Constitution took effect must comply with section 143 of the new Constitution.

14. Assignment of legislation to provinces

(1)Legislation with regard to a matter within a functional area listed in Schedule 4 or 5 to the new Constitution and which, when the new Constitution took effect, was administered by an authority within the national executive, may be assigned by the President, by proclamation, to an authority within a provincial executive designated by the Executive Council of the province.

(2)To the extent that it is necessary for an assignment of legislation under subitem (1) to be effectively carried out, the President, by proclamation, may -

(a)amend or adapt the legislation to regulate its interpretation or application;

(b)where the assignment does not apply to the whole of any piece of legislation, repeal and re-enact, with or without any amendments or adaptations referred to in paragraph (a), those provisions to which the assignment applies or to the extent that the assignment applies to them; or

(c)regulate any other matter necessary as a result of the assignment, including the transfer or secondment of staff, or the transfer of assets, liabilities, rights and obligations, to or from the national or a provincial executive or any department of state, administration, security service or other institution.

(3)

(a)A copy of each proclamation issued in terms of subitem (1) or (2) must be submitted to the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces within 10 days of the publication of the proclamation.

(b)If both the National Assembly and the National Council by resolution disapprove the proclamation or any provision of it, the proclamation or provision lapses, but without affecting —

(i)the validity of anything done in terms of the proclamation or provision before it lapsed; or

(ii)a right or privilege acquired or an obligation or liability incurred before it lapsed.

(4)When legislation is assigned under subitem (1), any reference in the legislation to an authority administering it, must be construed as a reference to the authority to which it has been assigned.

(5)Any assignment of legislation under section 235(8) of the previous Constitution, including any amendment, adaptation or repeal and re-enactment of any legislation and any other action taken under that section, is regarded as having been done under this item.

15. Existing legislation outside Parliament's legislative power

(1)An authority within the national executive that administers any legislation falling outside Parliament’s legislative power when the new Constitution takes effect, remains competent to administer that legislation until it is assigned to an authority within a provincial executive in terms of item 14 of this Schedule.

(2)Subitem (1) lapses two years after the new Constitution took effect.

16. Courts

(1)Every court, including courts of traditional leaders, existing when the new Constitution took effect, continues to function and to exercise jurisdiction in terms of the legislation applicable to it, and anyone holding office as a judicial officer continues to hold office in terms of the legislation applicable to that office, subject to —

(a)any amendment or repeal of that legislation; and

(b)consistency with the new Constitution.

(2)

(a)The Constitutional Court established by the previous Constitution becomes the Constitutional Court under the new Constitution.

(b)[subitem 2(b) deleted by section 20(a) of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

(3)

(a)The Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa becomes the Supreme Court of Appeal under the new Constitution.

(b)[subitem 3(b) deleted by section 20(a) of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

(4)

(a)A provincial or local division of the Supreme Court of South Africa or a supreme court of a homeland or a general division of such a court, becomes a High Court under the new Constitution without any alteration in its area of jurisdiction, subject to any rationalisation contemplated in subitem (6).

(b)Anyone holding office or deemed to hold office as the Judge President, the Deputy Judge President or a judge of a court referred to in paragraph (a) when the new Constitution takes effect, becomes the Judge President, the Deputy Judge President or a judge of such a court under the new Constitution, subject to any rationalisation contemplated in subitem (6).

(5)Unless inconsistent with the context or clearly inappropriate, a reference in any legislation or process to -

(a)the Constitutional Court under the previous Constitution, must be construed as a reference to the Constitutional Court under the new Constitution;

(b)the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa, must be construed as a reference to the Supreme Court of Appeal; and

(c)a provincial or local division of the Supreme Court of South Africa or a supreme court of a homeland or general division of that court, must be construed as a reference to a High Court.

(6)

(a)As soon as is practical after the new Constitution took effect all courts, including their structure, composition, functioning and jurisdiction, and all relevant legislation, must be rationalised with a view to establishing a judicial system suited to the requirements of the new Constitution.

(b)The Cabinet member responsible for the administration of justice, acting after consultation with the Judicial Service Commission, must manage the rationalisation envisaged in paragraph (a).

(7)

(a)Anyone holding office, when the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Amendment Act, 2001, takes effect, as—

(i)the President of the Constitutional Court, becomes the Chief Justice as contemplated in section 167(1) of the new Constitution;

(ii)the Deputy President of the Constitutional Court, becomes the Deputy Chief Justice as contemplated in section 167(1) of the new Constitution;

(iii)the Chief Justice, becomes the President of the Supreme Court of Appeal as contemplated in section 168(1) of the new Constitution; and

(iv)the Deputy Chief Justice, becomes the Deputy President of the Supreme Court of Appeal as contemplated in section 168(1) of the new Constitution.

(b)All rules, regulations or directions made by the President of the Constitutional Court or the Chief Justice in force immediately before the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Amendment Act, 2001, takes effect, continue in force until repealed or amended.

(c)Unless inconsistent with the context or clearly inappropriate, a reference in any law or process to the Chief Justice or to the President of the Constitutional Court, must be construed as a reference to the Chief Justice as contemplated in section 167(1) of the new Constitution.

[subitem (7) added by section 20(b) of the Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001]

17. Cases pending before courts

All proceedings which were pending before a court when the new Constitution took effect, must be disposed of as if the new Constitution had not been enacted, unless the interests of justice require otherwise.

18. Prosecuting authority

(1)Section 108 of the previous Constitution continues in force until the Act of Parliament envisaged in section 179 of the new Constitution takes effect. This subitem does not affect the appointment of the National Director of Public Prosecutions in terms of section 179.

(2)An attorney-general holding office when the new Constitution takes effect, continues to function in terms of the legislation applicable to that office, subject to subitem (1).

19. Oaths and affirmations

A person who continues in office in terms of this Schedule and who has taken the oath of office or has made a solemn affirmation under the previous Constitution, is not obliged to repeat the oath of office or solemn affirmation under the new Constitution.

20. Other constitutional institutions

(1)In this section "constitutional institution" means -

(a)the Public Protector;

(b)the South African Human Rights Commission;

(c)the Commission on Gender Equality;

(d)the Auditor-General;

(e)the South African Reserve Bank;

(f)the Financial and Fiscal Commission;

(g)the Judicial Service Commission; or

(h)the Pan South African Language Board.

(2)A constitutional institution established in terms of the previous Constitution continues to function in terms of the legislation applicable to it, and anyone holding office as a commission member, a member of the board of the Reserve Bank or the Pan South African Language Board, the Public Protector or the Auditor-General when the new Constitution takes effect, continues to hold office in terms of the legislation applicable to that office, subject to -

(a)any amendment or repeal of that legislation; and

(b)consistency with the new Constitution.

(3)Sections 199(1), 200(1), (3) and (5) to (11) and 201 to 206 of the previous Constitution continue in force until repealed by an Act of Parliament passed in terms of section 75 of the new Constitution.

(4)The members of the Judicial Service Commission referred to in section 105(1)(h) of the previous Constitution cease to be members of the Commission when the members referred to in section 178(1)(i) of the new Constitution are appointed.

(5)

(a)The Volkstaat Council established in terms of the previous Constitution continues to function in terms of the legislation applicable to it, and anyone holding office as a member of the Council when the new Constitution takes effect, continues to hold office in terms of the legislation applicable to that office, subject to -

(i)any amendment or repeal of that legislation; and

(ii)consistency with the new Constitution.

(b)Sections 184A and 184B(1)(a), (b) and (d) of the previous Constitution continue in force until repealed by an Act of Parliament passed in terms of section 75 of the new Constitution.

21. Enactment of legislation required by new Constitution

(1)Where the new Constitution requires the enactment of national or provincial legislation, that legislation must be enacted by the relevant authority within a reasonable period of the date the new Constitution took effect.

(2)Section 198(b) of the new Constitution may not be enforced until the legislation envisaged in that section has been enacted.

(3)Section 199(3)(a) of the new Constitution may not be enforced before the expiry of three months after the legislation envisaged in that section has been enacted.

(4)National legislation envisaged in section 217(3) of the new Constitution must be enacted within three years of the date on which the new Constitution took effect, but the absence of this legislation during this period does not prevent the implementation of the policy referred to in section 217(2).

(5)Until the Act of Parliament referred to in section 65(2) of the new Constitution is enacted each provincial legislature may determine its own procedure in terms of which authority is conferred on its delegation to cast votes on its behalf in the National Council of Provinces.

(6)Until the legislation envisaged in section 229(1)(b) of the new Constitution is enacted, a municipality remains competent to impose any tax, levy or duty which it was authorised to impose when the Constitution took effect.

22. National unity and reconciliation

(1)Notwithstanding the other provisions of the new Constitution and despite the repeal of the previous Constitution, all the provisions relating to amnesty contained in the previous Constitution under the heading "National Unity and Reconciliation" are deemed to be part of the new Constitution for the purposes of the Promotion of National Unity and Reconciliation Act, 1995 (Act 34 of 1995), as amended, including for the purposes of its validity.[subitem (1) renumbered by section 3 of the Constitution First Amendment Act, 1997]

(2)For the purposes of subitem (1), the date ‘6 December 1993’, where it appears in the provisions of the previous Constitution under the heading ‘National Unity and Reconciliation’, must be read as ‘11 May 1994’.[subitem (2) added by section 3 of the Constitution First Amendment Act, 1997]

23. Bill of Rights

(1)National legislation envisaged in sections 9(4), 32(2) and 33(3) of the new Constitution must be enacted within three years of the date on which the new Constitution took effect.

(2)Until the legislation envisaged in sections 32(2) and 33(3) of the new Constitution is enacted -

(a)section 32(1) must be regarded to read as follows:"(1) Every person has the right of access to all information held by the state or any of its organs in any sphere of government in so far as that information is required for the exercise or protection of any of their rights."; and

(b)section 33(1) and (2) must be regarded to read as follows:"Every person has the right to -

(a)lawful administrative action where any of their rights or interests is affected or threatened;

(b)procedurally fair administrative action where any of their rights or legitimate expectations is affected or threatened;

(c)be furnished with reasons in writing for administrative action which affects any of their rights or interests unless the reasons for that action have been made public; and

(d)administrative action which is justifiable in relation to the reasons given for it where any of their rights is affected or threatened.".

(3)Sections 32(2) and 33(3) of the new Constitution lapse if the legislation envisaged in those sections, respectively, is not enacted within three years of the date the new Constitution took effect.

24. Public administration and security services

(1)Sections 82(4)(b), 215, 218(1), 219(1), 224 to 228, 236(1), (2), (3), (6), (7)(b) and (8), 237(1) and (2)(a)and 239 (4) and (5) of the previous Constitution continue in force as if the previous Constitution had not been repealed, subject to -

(a)the amendments to those sections as set out in Annexure D;

(b)any further amendment or any repeal of those sections by an Act of Parliament passed in terms of section 75 of the new Constitution; and

(c)consistency with the new Constitution.

(2)The Public Service Commission and the provincial service commissions referred to in Chapter 13 of the previous Constitution continue to function in terms of that Chapter and the legislation applicable to it as if that Chapter had not been repealed, until the Commission and the provincial service commissions are abolished by an Act of Parliament passed in terms of section 75 of the new Constitution.

(3)The repeal of the previous Constitution does not affect any proclamation issued under section 237(3) of the previous Constitution, and any such proclamation continues in force, subject to -

(a)any amendment or repeal; and

(b)consistency with the new Constitution.

25. Additional disqualification for legislatures

(1)Anyone who, when the new Constitution took effect, was serving a sentence in the Republic of more than 12 months’ imprisonment without the option of a fine, is not eligible to be a member of the National Assembly or a provincial legislature.

(2)The disqualification of a person in terms of subitem (1) -

(a)lapses if the conviction is set aside on appeal, or the sentence is reduced on appeal to a sentence that does not disqualify that person; and

(b)ends five years after the sentence has been completed.

26. Local government

(1)Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 151, 155, 156 and 157 of the new Constitution -

(a)the provisions of the Local Government Transition Act, 1993 (Act 209 of 1993), as may be amended from time to time by national legislation consistent with the new Constitution, remain in force in respect of a Municipal Council until a Municipal Council replacing that Council has been declared elected as a result of the first general election of Municipal Councils after the commencement of the new Constitution; and[paragraph (a) substituted by section 5(a) of the Constitution Second Amendment Act, 1998]

(b)a traditional leader of a community observing a system of indigenous law and residing on land within the area of a transitional local council, transitional rural council or transitional representative council, referred to in the Local Government Transition Act, 1993, and who has been identified as set out in section 182 of the previous Constitution, is ex officio entitled to be a member of that council until a Municipal Council replacing that council has been declared elected as a result of the first general election of Municipal Councils after the commencement of the new Constitution.[paragraph (b) substituted by section 5(a) of the Constitution Second Amendment Act, 1998]

(2)Section 245(4) of the previous Constitution continues in force until the application of that section lapses. Section 16(5) and (6) of the Local Government Transition Act, 1993, may not be repealed before 30 April 2000.[subitem (2) amended by section 5(b) of the Constitution Second Amendment Act, 1998]

27. Safekeeping of Acts of Parliament and provincinl Acts

Sections 82 and 124 of the new Constitution do not affect the safekeeping of Acts of Parliament or provincial Acts passed before the new Constitution took effect.

28. Registration of immovable property owned by the state

(1)On the production of a certificate by a competent authority that immovable property owned by the state is vested in a particular government in terms of section 239 of the previous Constitution, a registrar of deeds must make such entries or endorsements in or on any relevant register, title deed or other document to register that immovable property in the name of that government.

(2)No duty, fee or other charge is payable in respect of a registration in terms of subitem (1).

Annexure A

Amendments to Schedule 2 to the previous Constitution

1.The replacement of item 1 with the following item:"1. Parties registered in terms of national legislation and contesting an election of the National Assembly, shall nominate candidates for such election on lists of candidates prepared in accordance with this Schedule and national legislation.".

2.The replacement of item 2 with the following item:"2. The seats in the National Assembly as determined in terms of section 46 of the new Constitution, shall be filled as follows:

(a)One half of the seats from regional lists submitted by the respective parties, with a fixed number of seats reserved for each region as determined by the Commission for the next election of the Assembly, taking into account available scientifically based data in respect of voters, and representations by interested parties.

(b)The other half of the seats from national lists submitted by the respective parties, or from regional lists where national lists were not submitted.".

3.The replacement of item 3 with the following item:"3. The lists of candidates submitted by a party, shall in total contain the names of not more than a number of candidates equal to the number of seats in the National Assembly, and each such list shall denote such names in such fixed order of preference as the party may determine.".

4.The amendment of item 5 by replacing the words preceding paragraph (a) with the following words:"5. The seats referred to in item 2(a) shall be allocated per region to the parties contesting an election, as follows:".

5.The amendment of item 6 -

(a)by replacing the words preceding paragraph (a) with the following words:"6. The seats referred to in item 2(b) shall be allocated to the parties contesting an election, as follows:"; and

(b)by replacing paragraph (a) with the following paragraph:"(a) A quota of votes per seat shall be determined by dividing the total number of votes cast nationally by the number of seats in the National Assembly, plus one, and the result plus one, disregarding fractions, shall be the quota of votes per seat.".

6.The amendment of item 7(3) by replacing paragraph (b) with the following paragraph:"(b) An amended quota of votes per seat shall be determined by dividing the total number of votes cast nationally, minus the number of votes cast nationally in favour of the party referred to in paragraph (a), by the number of seats in the Assembly, plus one, minus the number of seats finally allocated to the said party in terms of paragraph (a).".

7.The replacement of item 10 with the following item:"10. The number of seats in each provincial legislature shall be as determined in terms of section 105 of the new Constitution.".

8.The replacement of item 11 with the following item:"11. Parties registered in terms of national legislation and contesting an election of a provincial legislature, shall nominate candidates for election to such provincial legislature on provincial lists prepared in accordance with this Schedule and national legislation.".

9.The replacement of item 16 with the following item:"16. Designation of representatives

(1)After the counting of votes has been concluded, the number of representatives of each party has been determined and the election result has been declared in terms of section 190 of the new Constitution, the Commission shall, within two days after such declaration, designate from each list of candidates, published in terms of national legislation, the representatives of each party in the legislature.

(2)Following the designation in terms of subitem (1), if a candidate’s name appears on more than one list for the National Assembly or on lists for both the National Assembly and a provincial legislature (if an election of the Assembly and a provincial legislature is held at the same time), and such candidate is due for designation as a representative in more than one case, the party which submitted such lists shall, within two days after the said declaration, indicate to the Commission from which list such candidate will be designated or in which legislature the candidate will serve, as the case may be, in which event the candidate’s name shall be deleted from the other lists.

(3)The Commission shall forthwith publish the list of names of representatives in the legislature or legislatures.".

10.The amendment of item 18 by replacing paragraph (b) with the following paragraph:"(b) a representative is appointed as a permanent delegate to the National Council of Provinces;".

11.The replacement of item 19 with the following item:"19. Lists of candidates of a party referred to in item 16(1) may be supplemented on one occasion only at any time during the first 12 months following the date on which the designation of representatives in terms of item 16 has been concluded, in order to fill casual vacancies: Provided that any such supplementation shall be made at the end of the list.".

12.The replacement of item 23 with the following item:-"23. Vacancies

(1)In the event of a vacancy in a legislature to which this Schedule applies, the party which nominated the vacating member shall fill the vacancy by nominating a person -

(a)whose name appears on the list of candidates from which the vacating member was originally nominated; and

(b)who is the next qualified and available person on the list.

(2)A nomination to fill a vacancy shall be submitted to the Speaker in writing.

(3)If a party represented in a legislature dissolves or ceases to exist and the members in question vacate their seats in consequence of item 23A(1), the seats in question shall be allocated to the remaining parties mutatis mutandis as if such seats were forfeited seats in terms of item 7 or 14, as the case maybe.".

13.The insertion of the following item after item 23:"23A. Additional ground for loss of membership of legislatures

(1)A person loses membership of a legislature to which this Schedule applies if that person ceases to be a member of the party which nominated that person as a member of the legislature.

(2)Despite subitem (1) any existing political party may at any time change its name.

(3)An Act of Parliament may, within a reasonable period after the new Constitution took effect, be passed in accordance with section 76(1) of the new Constitution to amend this item and item 23 to provide for the manner in which it will be possible for a member of a legislature who ceases to be a member of the party which nominated that member, to retain membership of such legislature.

(4)An Act of Parliament referred to in subitem (3) may also provide for-

(a)any existing party to merge with another party; or

(b)any party to subdivide into more than one party.".

14.The deletion of item 24.

15.The amendment of item 25 -

(a)by replacing the definition of "Commission" with the following definition:" ‘Commission’ means the Electoral Commission referred to in section 190 of the new Constitution;"; and

(b)by inserting the following definition after the definition of "national list":" ‘new Constitution’ means the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996;".

16.The deletion of item 26.

Annexure B

Government of national unity: National sphere

1.Section 84 of the new Constitution is deemed to contain the following additional subsection:"(3) The President must consult the Executive Deputy Presidents -

(a)in the development and execution of the policies of the national government;

(b)in all matters relating to the management of the Cabinet and the performance of Cabinet business;

(c)in the assignment of functions to the Executive Deputy Presidents;

(d)before making any appointment under the Constitution or any legislation, including the appointment of ambassadors or other diplomatic representatives;

(e)before appointing commissions of inquiry;

(f)before calling a referendum; and

(g)before pardoning or reprieving offenders.".

2.Section 89 of the new Constitution is deemed to contain the following additional subsection:"(3) Subsections (1) and (2) apply also to an Executive Deputy President.".

3.Paragraph (a) of section 90(1) of the new Constitution is deemed to read as follows:-"(a) an Executive Deputy President designated by the President;".

4.Section 91 of the new Constitution is deemed to read as follows:"91. Cabinet

(1)The Cabinet consists of the President, the Executive Deputy Presidents and-

(a)not more than 27 Ministers who are members of the National Assembly and appointed in terms of subsections (8) to (12); and

(b)not more than one Minister who is not a member of the National Assembly and appointed in terms of subsection (13), provided the President, acting in consultation with the Executive Deputy Presidents and the leaders of the participating parties, deems the appointment of such a Minister expedient.

(2)Each party holding at least 80 seats in the National Assembly is entitled to designate an Executive Deputy President from among the members of the Assembly.

(3)If no party or only one party holds 80 or more seats in the Assembly, the party holding the largest number of seats and the party holding the second largest number of seats are each entitled to designate one Executive Deputy President from among the members of the Assembly.

(4)On being designated, an Executive Deputy President may elect to remain or cease to be a member of the Assembly.

(5)An Executive Deputy President may exercise the powers and must perform the functions vested in the office of Executive Deputy President by the Constitution or assigned to that office by the President.

(6)An Executive Deputy President holds office —

(a)until 30 April 1999 unless replaced or recalled by the party entitled to make the designation in terms of subsections (2) and (3); or

(b)until the person elected President after any election of the National Assembly held before 30 April 1999, assumes office.

(7)A vacancy in the office of an Executive Deputy President may be filled by the party which designated that Deputy President.

(8)A party holding at least 20 seats in the National Assembly and which has decided to participate in the government of national unity, is entitled to be allocated one or more of the Cabinet portfolios in respect of which Ministers referred to in subsection (1)(a) are to be appointed, in proportion to the number of seats held by it in the National Assembly relative to the number of seats held by the other participating parties.

(9)Cabinet portfolios must be allocated to the respective participating parties in accordance with the following formula:

(a)A quota of seats per portfolio must be determined by dividing the total number of seats in the National Assembly held jointly by the participating parties by the number of portfolios in respect of which Ministers referred to in subsection (1) (a) are to be appointed, plus one.

(b)The result, disregarding third and subsequent decimals, if any, is the quota of seats per portfolio.

(c)The number of portfolios to be allocated to a participating party is determined by dividing the total number of seats held by that party in the National Assembly by the quota referred to in paragraph (b).

(d)The result, subject to paragraph (e), indicates the number of portfolios to be allocated to that party.

(e)Where the application of the above formula yields a surplus not absorbed by the number of portfolios allocated to a party, the surplus competes with other similar surpluses accruing to another party or parties, and any portfolio or portfolios which remain unallocated must be allocated to the party or parties concerned in sequence of the highest surplus.

(10)The President after consultation with the Executive Deputy Presidents and the leaders of the participating parties must -

(a)determine the specific portfolios to be allocated to the respective participating parties in accordance with the number of portfolios allocated to them in terms of subsection (9);

(b)appoint in respect of each such portfolio a member of the National Assembly who is a member of the party to which that portfolio was allocated under paragraph (a), as the Minister responsible for that portfolio;

(c)if it becomes necessary for the purposes of the Constitution or in the interest of good government, vary any determination underparagraph (a), subject to subsection (9);

(d)terminate any appointment under paragraph (b) —

(i)if the President is requested to do so by the leader of the party of which the Minister in question is a member; or

(ii)if it becomes necessary for the purposes of the Constitution or in the interest of good government; or

(e)fill, when necessary, subject to paragraph (b), a vacancy in the office of Minister.

(11)Subsection (10) must be implemented in the spirit embodied in the concept of a government of national unity, and the President and the other functionaries concerned must in the implementation of that subsection seek to achieve consensus at all times: Provided that if consensus cannot be achieved on -

(a)the exercise of a power referred to in paragraph (a), (c) or (d)(ii) of that subsection, the President’s decision prevails;

(b)the exercise of a power referred to in paragraph (b), (d)(i) or (e) of that subsection affecting a person who is not a member of the President’s party, the decision of the leader of the party of which that person is a member prevails; and

(c)the exercise of a power referred to in paragraph (b) or (e) of that subsection affecting a person who is a member of the President’s party, the President’s decision prevails.

(12)If any determination of portfolio allocations is varied under subsection (10)(c), the affected Ministers must vacate their portfolios but are eligible, where applicable, for reappointment to other portfolios allocated to their respective parties in terms of the varied determination.

(13)The President-

(a)in consultation with the Executive Deputy Presidents and the leaders of the participating parties, must -

(i)determine a specific portfolio for a Minister referred to in subsection (1) (b) should it become necessary pursuant to a decision of the President under that subsection;

(ii)appoint in respect of that portfolio a person who is not a member of the National Assembly, as the Minister responsible for that portfolio; and

(iii)fill, if necessary, a vacancy in respect of that portfolio; or

(b)after consultation with the Executive Deputy Presidents and the leaders of the participating parties, must terminate any appointment under paragraph (a) if it becomes necessary for the purposes of the Constitution or in the interest of good government.

(14)Meetings of the Cabinet must be presided over by the President, or, if the President so instructs, by an Executive Deputy President: Provided that the Executive Deputy Presidents preside over meetings of the Cabinet in turn unless the exigencies of government and the spirit embodied in the concept of a government of national unity otherwise demand.

(15)The Cabinet must function in a manner which gives consideration to the consensus-seeking spirit embodied in the concept of a government of national unity as well as the need for effective government.".

5.Section 93 of the new Constitution is deemed to read as follows:"93. Appointment of Deputy Ministers

(1)The President may, after consultation with the Executive Deputy Presidents and the leaders of the parties participating in the Cabinet, establish deputy ministerial posts.

(2)A party is entitled to be allocated one or more of the deputy ministerial posts in the same proportion and according to the same formula that portfolios in the Cabinet are allocated.

(3)The provisions of section 91 (10) to (12) apply, with the necessary changes, in respect of Deputy Ministers, and in such application a reference in that section to a Minister or a portfolio must be read as a reference to a Deputy Minister or a deputy ministerial post, respectively.

(4)If a person is appointed as the Deputy Minister of any portfolio entrusted to a Minister -

(a)that Deputy Minister must exercise and perform on behalfofthe relevant Minister any of the powers and functions assigned to that Minister in terms of any legislation or otherwise which may, subject to the directions of the President, be assigned to that Deputy Minister by that Minister; and

(b)any reference in any legislation to that Minister must be construed as including a reference to the Deputy Minister acting in terms of an assignment under paragraph (a) by the Minister for whom that Deputy Minister acts.

(5)Whenever a Deputy Minister is absent or for any reason unable to exercise or perform any of the powers or functions of office, the President may appoint any other Deputy Minister or any other person to act in the said Deputy Minister’s stead, either generally or in the exercise or performance of any specific power or function.".

6.Section 96 of the new Constitution is deemed to contain the following additional subsections:"(3) Ministers are accountable individually to the President and to the National Assembly for the administration of their portfolios, and all members of the Cabinet are correspondingly accountable collectively for the performance of the functions of the national government and for its policies.

(4)Ministers must administer their portfolios in accordance with the policy determined by the Cabinet.

(5)If a Minister fails to administer the portfolio in accordance with the policy of the Cabinet, the President may require the Minister concerned to bring the administration of the portfolio into conformity with that policy.

(6)If the Minister concerned fails to comply with a requirement of the President under subsection (5), the President may remove the Minister from office -

(a)if it is a Minister referred to in section 91(1)(a), after consultation with the Minister and, if the Minister is not a member of the President’s party or is not the leader of a participating party, also after consultation with the leader of that Minister’s party; or

(b)if it is a Minister referred to in section 91 (1)(b), after consultation with the Executive Deputy Presidents and the leaders of the participating parties.".

Annexure C

Government of national unity: Provincial sphere

1.Section 132 of the new Constitution is deemed to read as follows:"132. Executive Councils

(1)The Executive Council of a province consists of the Premier and not more than 10 members appointed by the Premier in accordance with this section.

(2)A party holding at least 10 per cent of the seats in a provincial legislature and which has decided to participate in the government of national unity, is entitled to be allocated one or more of the Executive Council portfolios in proportion to the number of seats held by it in the legislature relative to the number of seats held by the other participating parties.

(3)Executive Council portfolios must be allocated to the respective participating parties according to the same formula set out in section 91 (9), and in applying that formula a reference in that section to -

(a)the Cabinet, must be read as a reference to an Executive Council;

(b)a Minister, must be read as a reference to a member of an Executive Council; and

(c)the National Assembly, must be read as a reference to the provincial legislature.

(4)The Premier of a province after consultation with the leaders of the participating parties must -

(a)determine the specific portfolios to be allocated to the respective participating parties in accordance with the number of portfolios allocated to them in terms of subsection (3);

(b)appoint in respect of each such portfolio a member of the provincial legislature who is a member of the party to which that portfolio was allocated under paragraph (a), as the member of the Executive Council responsible for that portfolio;

(c)if it becomes necessary for the purposes of the Constitution or in the interest of good government, vary any determination under paragraph (a), subject to subsection (3);

(d)terminate any appointment under paragraph (b) -

(i)if the Premier is requested to do so by the leader of the party of which the Executive Council member in question is a member; or

(ii)if it becomes necessary for the purposes of the Constitution or in the interest of good government; or

(e)fill, when necessary, subject to paragraph (b), a vacancy in the office of a member of the Executive Council.

(5)Subsection (4) must be implemented in the spirit embodied in the concept of a government of national unity, and the Premier and the other functionaries concerned must in the implementation of that subsection seek to achieve consensus at all times: Provided that if consensus cannot be achieved on -

(a)the exercise of a power referred to in paragraph (a), (c) or (d)(ii) of that subsection, the Premier’s decision prevails;

(b)the exercise of a power referred to in paragraph (b), (d)(i) or (e) of that subsection affecting a person who is not a member of the Premier’s party, the decision of the leader of the party of which such person is a member prevails; and

(c)the exercise of a power referred to in paragraph (b) or (e) of that subsection affecting a person who is a member of the Premier’s party, the Premier’s decision prevails.

(6)If any determination of portfolio allocations is varied under subsection (4)(c), the affected members must vacate their portfolios but are eligible, where applicable, for reappointment to other portfolios allocated to their respective parties in terms of the varied determination.

(7)Meetings of an Executive Council must be presided over by the Premier of the province.

(8)An Executive Council must function in a manner which gives consideration to the consensus-seeking spirit embodied in the concept of a government of national unity, as well as the need for effective government.".

2.Section 136 of the new Constitution is deemed to contain the following additional subsections:"(3) Members of Executive Councils are accountable individually to the Premier and to the provincial legislature for the administration of their portfolios, and all members of the Executive Council are correspondingly accountable collectively for the performance of the functions of the provincial government and for its policies.

(4)Members of Executive Councils must administer their portfolios in accordance with the policy determined by the Council.

(5)If a member of an Executive Council fails to administer the portfolio in accordance with the policy of the Council, the Premier may require the member concerned to bring the administration of the portfolio into conformity with that policy.

(6)If the member concerned fails to comply with a requirement of the Premier under subsection (5), the Premier may remove the member from office after consultation with the member, and if the member is not a member of the Premier’s party or is not the leader of a participating party, also after consultation with the leader of that member’s party.".

Annexure D

Public administration and security services: Amendments to sections of the previous Constitution

1.The amendment of section 218 of the previous Constitution -

(a)by replacing in subsection (1) the words preceding paragraph (a) with the following words:"(1) Subject to the directions of the Minister of Safety and Security, the National Commissioner shall be responsible for -";

(b)by replacing paragraph (b) of subsection (1) with the following paragraph:"(b) the appointment of provincial commissioners;";

(c)[item (c) repealed by section 21 of Act 10 of 2012]

(d)by replacing paragraph (k) of subsection (1) with the following paragraph:"(k) the establishment and maintenance of a national public order policing unit to be deployed in support of and at the request of the Provincial Commissioner;".

2.The amendment of section 219 of the previous Constitution by replacing in subsection (1) the words preceding paragraph (a) with the following words:"(1) Subject to section 218(1), a Provincial Commissioner shall be responsible for -".

3.The amendment of section 224 of the previous Constitution by replacing the proviso to subsection (2) with the following proviso:"Provided that this subsection shall also apply to members of any armed force which submitted its personnel list after the commencement of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, (Act 200 of 1993), but before the adoption of the new constitutional text as envisaged in section 73 of that Constitution, if the political organisation under whose authority and control it stands or with which it is associated and whose objectives it promotes did participate in the Transitional Executive Council or did take part in the first election of the National Assembly and the provincial legislatures under the said Constitution.".

4.The amendment of section 227 of the previous Constitution by replacing subsection (2) with the following subsection:"(2) The National Defence Force shall exercise its powers and perform its functions solely in the national interest in terms of Chapter 11 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996.".

5.The amendment of section 236 of the previous Constitution -

(a)by replacing subsection (1) with the following subsection:"(1) A public service, department of state, administration or security service which immediately before the commencement of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (hereinafter referred to as "the new Constitution"), performed governmental functions, continues to function in terms of the legislation applicable to it until it is abolished or incorporated or integrated into any appropriate institution or is rationalised or consolidated with any other institution.";

(b)by replacing subsection (6) with the following subsection:"(6) (a) The President may appoint a commission to review the conclusion or amendment of a contract, the appointment or promotion, or the award of a term or condition of service or other benefit, which occurred between 27 April 1993 and 30 September 1994 in respect of any person referred to in subsection (2) or any class of such persons.(b) The commission may reverse or alter a contract, appointment, promotion or award if not proper or justifiable in the circumstances of the case."; and(c) by replacing "this Constitution", wherever this occurs in section 236, with “the new Constitution”

6.The amendment of section 237 of the previous Constitution -

(a)by replacing paragraph (a) of subsection (1) with the following paragraph:"(a) The rationalisation of all institutions referred to in section 236(1), excluding military forces referred to in section 224(2), shall after the commencement of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, continue, with a view to establishing -(i) an effective administration in the national sphere of government to deal with matters within the jurisdiction of the national sphere; and(ii) an effective administration for each province to deal with matters within the jurisdiction of each provincial government and

(b)by replacing subparagraph (i) of subsection (2)(a) with the following subparagraph:"(i) institutions referred to in section 236(1), excluding military forces, shall rest with the national government, which shall exercise such responsibility in co-operation with the provincial governments;".

7.The amendment of section 239 of the previous Constitution by replacing subsection (4) with the following subsection:"(4) Subject to and in accordance with any applicable law, the assets, rights, duties and liabilities of all forces referred to in section 224(2) shall devolve upon the National Defence Force in accordance with the directions of the Minister of Defence.".

Schedule 6A

[Schedule 6A inserted by section 6 of the Constitution Tenth Amendment Act, 2003, previous Schedule 6A was renumbered Schedule 6B, and repealed by section 6 of the Constitution Fourteenth Amendment Act, 2008]

Schedule 6B

[Schedule 6B, originally Schedule 6A, inserted by section 2 of the Constitution Eighth Amendment Act, 2002, amended by section 5 and renumbered as Schedule 6B by section 6 of the Constitution Tenth Amendment Act, 2003, and repealed by section 5 of the Constitution Fifteenth Amendment Act, 2008]

Schedule 7

Laws repealed

Number and year of law	Title
Act 200 of 1993	Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993
Act 2 of 1994	Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Amendment Act, 1994
Act 3 of 1994	Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Second Amendment Act, 1994
Act 13 of 1994	Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Third Amendment Act, 1994
Act 14 of 1994	Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Fourth Amendment Act, 1994
Act 24 of 1994	Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Sixth Amendment Act, 1994
Act 29 of 1994	Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Fifth Amendment Act, 1994
Act 20 of 1995	Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Amendment Act, 1995
Act 44 of 1995	Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Second Amendment Act, 1995
Act 7 of 1996	Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Amendment Act, 1996
Act 26 of 1996	Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Third Amendment Act, 1996

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History of this document

23 August 2013 this version

Amended by Constitution Seventeenth Amendment Act, 2012

14 September 2012

Amended by South African Police Service Amendment Act, 2012

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17 April 2009

Amended by Constitution Fifteenth Amendment Act, 2008

Amended by Constitution Fourteenth Amendment Act, 2008

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03 April 2009

Amended by Constitution Sixteenth Amendment Act, 2009

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14 December 2007

Amended by Constitution Thirteenth Amendment Act, 2007

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01 March 2006

Amended by Constitution Twelfth Amendment Act, 2005

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23 December 2005

Commenced by Constitution Twelfth Amendment Act, 2005

27 June 2005

Amended by Citation of Constitutional Laws Act, 2005

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01 December 2003

Amended by Constitution Seventh Amendment Act, 2001

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11 July 2003

Amended by Constitution Eleventh Amendment Act, 2003

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20 March 2003

Amended by Constitution Tenth Amendment Act, 2003

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20 June 2002

Amended by Constitution Eighth Amendment Act, 2002

Amended by Constitution Ninth Amendment Act, 2002

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26 April 2002

Amended by Constitution Seventh Amendment Act, 2001

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21 November 2001

Amended by Constitution Sixth Amendment Act, 2001

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19 March 1999

Amended by Constitution Fifth Amendment Act, 1999

Amended by Constitution Fourth Amendment Act, 1999

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30 October 1998

Amended by Constitution Third Amendment Act, 1998

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07 October 1998

Amended by Constitution Second Amendment Act, 1998

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01 January 1998

Commenced

Note: See section 243(5).

30 June 1997

Commenced by Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996: Commencement

04 February 1997

Amended by Constitution First Amendment Act, 1997

Commenced by Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996: Commencement

Note: See section 243(5).

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18 December 1996

Published in Government Gazette 17678

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Subsidiary legislation

Title	Numbered title
Constitutional Court Rules, 2003	Government Notice R1675 of 2003
Placement on Parole of Selected Categories of Sentenced offenders	Proclamation 19 of 2020
Rules for the first sitting of the National Assembly, National Council of Provinces and Provincial Legislature, 2024	General Notice 2527 of 2024
Rules of the National Assembly	None

Cited documents 1

Legislation 1

1.	Promotion of National Unity and Reconciliation Act, 1995	109 citations

Documents citing this one 2611

Judgment 1674

1.	Blind SA v Minister of Trade, Industry and Competition and Others [2022] ZACC 33 (21 September 2022)	19 citations
2.	D A v Minister of Home Affairs and Another [2021] ZACC 50 (30 December 2021)	19 citations
3.	Tembani and Others v President of Republic of South Africa and Another (167 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 70 (20 May 2022)	18 citations
4.	Villa Crop Protection (Pty) Ltd v Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH [2022] ZACC 42 (8 December 2022)	17 citations
5.	Eskom Holdings Soc Limited v Vaal River Development Association (Pty) Limited and Others [2022] ZACC 44 (23 December 2022)	16 citations
6.	S v Maila (429/2022) [2023] ZASCA 3 (23 January 2023)	16 citations
7.	Walus v Minister of Justice and Correctional Services and Others [2022] ZACC 39 (21 November 2022)	16 citations
8.	Road Accident Fund and Others v Taylor and Another; In Re: Taylor v Road Accident Fund; In Re: Mathonsi v Road Accident Fund (1136/2021; 1137/2021; 1138/2021; 1139/2021; 1140/2021) [2023] ZASCA 64 (8 May 2023)	15 citations
9.	United Democratic Movement and Another v Lebashe Investment Group (Pty) Limited and Others [2022] ZACC 34 (22 September 2022)	14 citations
10.	Mamadi and Another v Premier of Limpopo Province and Others [2022] ZACC 26 (6 July 2022)	13 citations
11.	Mtolo and Another v Lombard and Others [2021] ZACC 39 (8 November 2021)	13 citations
12.	Minister of Tourism and Others v Afriforum NPC and Another [2023] ZACC 7 (8 February 2023)	12 citations
13.	South African Human Rights Commission on behalf of South African Jewish Board of Deputies v Masuku and Another [2022] ZACC 5 (16 February 2022)	12 citations
14.	South African Human Rights Commission v Standard Bank of South Africa Limited and Others [2022] ZACC 43 (9 December 2022)	12 citations
15.	Bestbier and Others v Nedbank Limited (150 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 88 (13 June 2022)	10 citations
16.	Minister of Police and Others v Fidelity Security Services (Pty) Limited [2022] ZACC 16 (27 May 2022)	10 citations
17.	AmaBhungane Centre for Investigative Journalism NPC v President of Republic of South Africa [2022] ZACC 31 (20 September 2022)	9 citations
18.	Bester NO and Others v Quintado 120 (Pty) Limited [2021] ZACC 49 (13 December 2021)	9 citations
19.	Competition Commission of South Africa v Group Five Construction Limited [2022] ZACC 36 (27 October 2022)	9 citations
20.	Mineral Sands Resources (Pty) Limited and Others v Reddell and Others [2022] ZACC 37 (14 November 2022)	9 citations
21.	Minister of Finance v Afribusiness NPC [2022] ZACC 4 (16 February 2022)	9 citations
22.	Solidarity obo Members v Barloworld Equipment Southern Africa and Others [2022] ZACC 15 (6 May 2022)	9 citations
23.	TWK Agriculture Holdings (Pty) Ltd v Hoogveld Boerderybeleggings (Pty) Ltd N.N.O. and Others (273/2022) [2023] ZASCA 63 (5 May 2023)	9 citations
24.	Brits v Minister of Police and Another (756/2020) [2021] ZASCA 161 (23 November 2021)	8 citations
25.	Golden Falls Trading 125 (Pty) Ltd v City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality and Others (7982/2020) [2023] ZAGPJHC 846 (31 July 2023)	8 citations
26.	HLB International (South Africa) v MWRK Accountants and Consultants (113 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 52 (12 April 2022)	8 citations
27.	Lebea v Menye and Another [2022] ZACC 40 (29 November 2022)	8 citations
28.	Mphephu-Ramabulana and Another v Mphephu and Others [2021] ZACC 43 (12 November 2021)	8 citations
29.	e.tv (Pty) Limited v Minister of Communications and Digital Technologies and Others; Media Monitoring Africa and Another v e.tv (Pty) Limited and Others [2022] ZACC 22 (28 June 2022)	8 citations
30.	Bwanya v Master of the High Court, Cape Town and Others [2021] ZACC 51 (31 December 2021)	7 citations
31.	Central Energy Fund SOC Ltd and Another v Venus Rays Trade (Pty) Ltd and Others (119 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 54 (13 April 2022)	7 citations
32.	Commercial Stevedoring Agricultural and Allied Workers’ Union and Others v Oak Valley Estates (Pty) Ltd and Another [2022] ZACC 7 (1 March 2022)	7 citations
33.	DRDGold Limited and Another v Nkala and Others (688/2016) [2023] ZASCA 9 (6 February 2023)	7 citations
34.	Democratic Alliance v Brummer (793/2021) [2022] ZASCA 151 (3 November 2022)	7 citations
35.	Municipal Employees Pension Fund and Another v Mongwaketse [2022] ZACC 9 (14 March 2022)	7 citations
36.	NVM obo VKM v Tembisa Hospital and Another [2022] ZACC 11 (25 March 2022)	7 citations
37.	Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union and Others v Anglo Gold Ashanti Limited t/a Anglo Gold Ashanti and Others [2021] ZACC 42 (12 November 2021)	6 citations
38.	Commissioner: South African Revenue Service v Sasol Chevron Holdings Limited (1044 of 2020) [2022] ZASCA 56 (22 April 2022)	6 citations
39.	Esorfranki Pipelines (Pty) Limited v Mopani District Municipality [2022] ZACC 41 (30 November 2022)	6 citations
40.	Municipal Manager O R Tambo District Municipality and Another v Ndabeni [2022] ZACC 3 (14 February 2022)	6 citations
41.	National Education Health and Allied Workers Union v Minister of Public Service and Administration and Others; South African Democratic Teachers Union and Others v Department of Public Service and Administration and Others; Public Servants Association and Others v Minister of Public Service and Administration and Others; National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers Union v Minister of Public Service and Administration and Others [2022] ZACC 6 (28 February 2022)	6 citations
42.	Thubakgale and Others v Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality and Others [2021] ZACC 45 (7 December 2021)	6 citations
43.	Advertising Regulatory Board NPC and Others v Bliss Brands (Pty) Ltd (786 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 51 (12 April 2022)	5 citations
44.	B A v Minister of Home Affairs and Others [2023] ZACC 16 (12 June 2023)	5 citations
45.	City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality v Takubiza Trading & Projects CC and Others (846 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 82 (3 June 2022)	5 citations
46.	Grobler v Phillips and Others [2022] ZACC 32 (20 September 2022)	5 citations
47.	Kapa v S (CCT 292/21) [2023] ZACC 1 (24 January 2023)	5 citations
48.	Ledla Structural Development (Pty) Limited and Others v Special Investigating Unit [2023] ZACC 8 (10 March 2023)	5 citations
49.	Minister of International Relations and Co-operation and Others v Simeka Group (Pty) Ltd and Others (610/2021) [2023] ZASCA 98 (14 June 2023)	5 citations
50.	Solidariteit Helpende Hand NPC and Others v Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (104/2022) [2023] ZASCA 35 (31 March 2023)	5 citations
51.	T M obo M M v Member of Executive Council for Health and Social Development, Gauteng [2022] ZACC 18 (30 May 2022)	5 citations
52.	Tuta v S (CCT 308/20) [2022] ZACC 19 (31 May 2022)	5 citations
53.	Agribee Beef Fund (Pty) Limited and Another v Eastern Cape Rural Development Agency and Another [2023] ZACC 6 (1 February 2023)	4 citations
54.	Chakanyuka and Others v Minister of Justice and Correctional Services; Rafoneke and Another v Minister of Justice and Correctional Services; [2022] ZACC 29 (2 August 2022)	4 citations
55.	Forge Packaging (Pty) Ltd v Commissioner for South African Revenue Service (21634/2021) [2022] ZAWCHC 119 (13 June 2022)	4 citations
56.	Greater Tzaneen Municipality v Bravospan 252 CC (428/2021) [2022] ZASCA 155 (7 November 2022)	4 citations
57.	Langa v Premier, Limpopo and Others [2021] ZACC 38 (5 November 2021)	4 citations
58.	Lutchman N.O. and Others v African Global Holdings (Pty) Ltd and Others; African Global Holdings (Pty) Ltd and Others v Lutchman N.O. and Others (1088 of 2020; 1135 of 2020) [2022] ZASCA 66 (10 May 2022)	4 citations
59.	Member of Executive Council for Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs, KwaZulu-Natal v Nkandla Local Municipality and Others [2021] ZACC 46 (8 December 2021)	4 citations
60.	Mfoza Service Station (Pty) Limited v Engen Petroleum Limited and Another [2023] ZACC 3 (1 February 2023)	4 citations
61.	Mhlongo v Mokoena N.O. and Others (865 of 2020) [2022] ZASCA 78 (31 May 2022)	4 citations
62.	Minister of Police and Others v Molokwane (730 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 111 (15 July 2022)	4 citations
63.	Shiva Uranium (Pty) Limited (In Business Rescue) and Another v Tayob and Others [2021] ZACC 40 (9 November 2021)	4 citations
64.	Speaker of National Assembly and Another v New Nation Movement NPC and Others [2022] ZACC 24 (29 June 2022)	4 citations
65.	Speaker of National Assembly v Public Protector and Others ; Democratic Alliance v Public Protector and Others [2022] ZACC 1 (4 February 2022)	4 citations
66.	Van Zyl N.O. v Road Accident Fund [2021] ZACC 44 (19 November 2021)	4 citations
67.	Women’s Legal Centre Trust v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others [2022] ZACC 23 (28 June 2022)	4 citations
68.	Z v Z (556 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 113 (21 July 2022)	4 citations
69.	Ayres and Another v Minister of Justice and Correctional Services and Another [2022] ZACC 12 (25 March 2022)	3 citations
70.	Baloyi v S (739 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 35 (1 April 2022)	3 citations
71.	Barnard Labuschagne Incorporated v South African Revenue Service and Another [2022] ZACC 8 (11 March 2022)	3 citations
72.	Canton Trading 17 (Pty) Ltd t/a Cube Architects v Fanti Bekker Hattingh NO (479/2020) [2021] ZASCA 163 (1 December 2021)	3 citations
73.	City of Cape Town v South African Human Rights Commission (141/2021) [2021] ZASCA 182 (22 December 2021)	3 citations
74.	Clicks Group Ltd and Others v Independent Community Pharmacy Association and Others (641/2020) [2021] ZASCA 167 (3 December 2021)	3 citations
75.	Damons v City of Cape Town [2022] ZACC 13 (30 March 2022)	3 citations
76.	Director of Public Prosecutions, KwaZulu-Natal v Pillay (706/2022) [2023] ZASCA 105 (23 June 2023)	3 citations
77.	Essence Lading CC v Infiniti Insurance Ltd / Mediterranean Shipping Company (Pty) Ltd (2022/4024) [2023] ZAGPJHC 676 (9 June 2023)	3 citations
78.	Fisher obo T M v Road Accident Fund; In Re: T M v Road Accident Fund (2010 /34001) [2023] ZAGPJHC 137 (14 February 2023)	3 citations
79.	Kariki Pipeline and Water Project (Pty) Ltd v Rand Water Board and Another (27774/17) [2022] ZAGPJHC 60 (4 February 2022)	3 citations
80.	L D v Central Authority (RSA) and Another (803 of 2020; 812 of 2020) [2022] ZASCA 6 (18 January 2022)	3 citations
81.	Member of Executive Council, Department of Education, Eastern Cape v Komani School & Office Supplies CC t/a Komani Stationers (1417 of 2018) [2022] ZASCA 13 (26 January 2022)	3 citations
82.	Minister of Police v Bosman and Others (1163/2018) [2021] ZASCA 172 (9 December 2021)	3 citations
83.	N S obo A S v MEC for Health, Eastern Cape Province (017/2022) [2023] ZASCA 41 (31 March 2023)	3 citations
84.	Oppressed ACSA Minority 1 (Pty) Ltd and Another v Government of Republic of South Africa and Others (898 of 2020) [2022] ZASCA 50 (11 April 2022)	3 citations
85.	Peter and Others v Master of High Court: Bhisho and Another (547/2020) [2022] ZAECBHC 13 (2 August 2022)	3 citations
86.	Rissik Street One Stop CC t/a Rissik Street Engen and Another v Engen Petroleum [2023] ZACC 4 (1 February 2023)	3 citations
87.	Road Accident Fund v Sheriff of the High Court For the District of Centurion East and Others (083710/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1122 (11 October 2023)	3 citations
88.	S v Mbulaheni (A 100/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 450 (25 July 2022)	3 citations
89.	S v Noeth and Another (SS52/2020) [2022] ZAGPJHC 754 (28 September 2022)	3 citations
90.	Sekoko Mametja Incorporated Attorneys v Fetakgomo Tubatse Local Municipality (60 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 28 (18 March 2022)	3 citations
91.	Seriti and Another v Judiciary Service Commission and Others (32193/2023) [2023] ZAGPJHC 303 (14 April 2023)	3 citations
92.	Siyangena Technologies (Pty) Ltd v Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa and Others (487/2021) [2022] ZASCA 149 (1 November 2022)	3 citations
93.	Slabbert N.O. and Others v Ma-Afrika Hotels (Pty) Ltd t/a Rivierbos Guest House (772/2021) [2022] ZASCA 152 (4 November 2022)	3 citations
94.	Special Investigating Unit v Phomella Property Investments (Pty) Ltd and Another (1329/2021) [2023] ZASCA 45 (3 April 2023)	3 citations
95.	Transnet SOC Limited v Total South Africa (Pty) Limited and Another [2022] ZACC 21 (21 June 2022)	3 citations
96.	A B v B K (15944/22P) [2023] ZAKZPHC 1 (9 January 2023)	2 citations
97.	A K v Minister of Police [2022] ZACC 14 (5 April 2022)	2 citations
98.	A Penglides (Pty) Ltd and Another v Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and Another (298 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 74 (26 May 2022)	2 citations
99.	Abdullah v S (134 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 33 (31 March 2022)	2 citations
100.	Afriforum NPC v Nelson Mandela Foundation Trust and Others (371/2020) [2023] ZASCA 58 (21 April 2023)	2 citations
101.	Afrocentrics Projects and Services (Pty) Limited t/a Innovative Distribution v State Information Technology Agency Soc Limited and Others [2023] ZACC 2 (24 January 2023)	2 citations
102.	Bliss Brands (Pty) Ltd v Advertising Regulatory Board NPC and Others [2023] ZACC 19 (26 June 2023)	2 citations
103.	City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality v Vresthena (Pty) Ltd and Others (1124/2022) [2023] ZASCA 104 (22 June 2023)	2 citations
104.	Close-Up Mining (Pty) Ltd and Others v Arbitrator, Judge Boruchowitz and Another (286/2022) [2023] ZASCA 43 (31 March 2023)	2 citations
105.	Commissioner for South African Revenue Service and Others v Dragon Freight (Pty) Ltd and Others (751 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 84 (7 June 2022)	2 citations
106.	D R v R R [2023] ZACC 5 (1 February 2023)	2 citations
107.	Director of Public Prosecutions, Free State v Mokati (440 of 2019) [2022] ZASCA 31 (25 March 2022)	2 citations
108.	Dlamini Inc v Transnet SOC Ltd and Others (16593/19; 23785/19) [2022] ZAGPJHC 904 (2 June 2022)	2 citations
109.	Eskom Holdings SOC Limited v Letsemeng Local Municipality and Others (990/2020) [2022] ZASCA 26 (9 March 2022)	2 citations
110.	Eskom Holdings Soc Limited v Lekwa Ratepayers Association NPC and Others ; Eskom Holdings Soc Limited v Vaal River Development Association (Pty) Ltd and Others (870 of 2020) [2022] ZASCA 10 (21 January 2022)	2 citations
111.	Firstrand Bank Limited t/a Wesbank and Suzuki Mobility Finance v Farrar (19950/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 858 (25 August 2023)	2 citations
112.	Helen Suzman Foundation v Speaker of National Assembly and Others (484/2021) [2023] ZASCA 6 (3 February 2023)	2 citations
113.	IGS Consulting Engineers & Another v Transnet Soc Limited (198 of 2020) [2022] ZASCA 63 (29 April 2022)	2 citations
114.	Independent Community Pharmacy Association v Clicks Group Limited and Others [2023] ZACC 10 (28 March 2023)	2 citations
115.	Investec Bank Limited v Gumbi and Another; In re: Gumbi and Another v Investec Bank Limited (37848/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 925 (9 June 2022)	2 citations
116.	Kekana obo M M L v Road Accident Fund (2019/26724) [2023] ZAGPJHC 495 (16 May 2023)	2 citations
117.	MEC for Department of Public Works, Eastern Cape and Another v Ikamva Architects CC (544/2021) [2022] ZASCA 184 (20 December 2022)	2 citations
118.	Macingwane v Masekwameng and Others (626/2021) [2022] ZASCA 174 (7 December 2022)	2 citations
119.	Madingana v Minister of Police (3411/2021) [2023] ZAECGHC 29 (4 April 2023)	2 citations
120.	Member of Executive Council for Department of Health, Eastern Cape v Mbokodi (213/2021) [2022] ZASCA 140 (24 October 2022)	2 citations
121.	Minister of Water and Sanitation and Others v Lotter NO and Others ; Minister of Water and Sanitation and Another v Wiid and Others ; Minister of Water and Sanitation and Others v South African Association for Water User Associations and Others [2023] ZACC 9 (15 March 2023)	2 citations
122.	Mncwabe v President of Republic of South Africa and Others; Mathenjwa v President of Republic of South Africa and Others (CCT 102/22; CCT 120/22) [2023] ZACC 29 (24 August 2023)	2 citations
123.	Molosi and Others v Phahlo Royal Family and Others (CA 7 of 2021) [2022] ZAECMHC 4 (6 May 2022)	2 citations
124.	ND v PT (25792/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 7 (18 January 2022)	2 citations
125.	National Prosecuting Authority v PSA obo Meintjies and Others ; Minister of Justice and Correctional Services and Director-General: DoJCD v PSA obo Meintjies and Others (353/2020; 354 of 2020) [2021] ZASCA 160 (17 November 2021)	2 citations
126.	P V v C V and Others (11181/2020) [2022] ZAGPJHC 18 (20 April 2022)	2 citations
127.	Post Office Retirement Fund v South African Post Office SOC Ltd and Others (1134/2020) [2021] ZASCA 186 (30 December 2021)	2 citations
128.	Reddell and Others v Mineral Sands Resources (Pty) Limited and Others [2022] ZACC 38 (14 November 2022)	2 citations
129.	Road Accident Fund and Others v Mabunda Incorporated and Others ; Minister of Transport v Road Accident Fund and Others (1082/2020; 1147/2020) [2022] ZASCA 169 (1 December 2022)	2 citations
130.	S v Zondi (1232/2021) [2022] ZASCA 173 (1 December 2022)	2 citations
131.	Shoprite Checkers (Pty) Ltd v Mafate (903/2021) [2023] ZASCA 14 (17 February 2023)	2 citations
132.	Smith N.O. and Others v Master of High Court Free State Division, Bloemfontein and Another (1221/2021) [2023] ZASCA 21 (8 March 2023)	2 citations
133.	Smuts and Another v Botha (887 of 2020) [2022] ZASCA 3 (10 January 2022)	2 citations
134.	South African Council for Educators v Deon Scheepers and Others [2023] ZACC 23 (12 July 2023)	2 citations
135.	TMT Services & Supplies (Pty) Ltd t/a Traffic Management Technologies v MEC: Department of Transport, Province of KwaZulu-Natal and Others (1059 of 2020) [2022] ZASCA 27 (15 March 2022)	2 citations
136.	A K and Others v Minister of Home Affairs and Another (2693/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 24 (10 March 2023)	1 citation
137.	Absa Bank Limited v Lekhethoa (33086/2019) [2023] ZAGPJHC 869 (28 August 2023)	1 citation
138.	Absa Bank Ltd v Longchamp Turf Investments (Pty) Ltd and Others (7753/2015) [2022] ZAGPJHC 519 (12 August 2022)	1 citation
139.	AfriForum v Economic Freedom Fighters and Others (EQ 4/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1041 (25 August 2022)	1 citation
140.	African Transformation Movement v Speaker of National Assembly and Others (643/2021) [2021] ZASCA 164 (2 December 2021)	1 citation
141.	Alberts and Others v Minister of Justice and Correctional Services (404 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 25 (9 March 2022)	1 citation
142.	Aranda Textile Mills (Pty) Ltd and Another v CC (190/CAC/DEC20) [2021] ZACAC 1 (17 December 2021)	1 citation
143.	B R v R S (2023 - 014603) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1072 (18 September 2023)	1 citation
144.	BJM v WRM (2022/9405) [2023] ZAGPJHC 401 (28 April 2023)	1 citation
145.	Botha v Commission for Gender Equality and Others (58057/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 130 (15 February 2023)	1 citation
146.	Bright Idea Projects 66 (Pty) Ltd t/a All Fuels v Roseville Projects (Pty) Ltd t/a Sondela Service Station (4881 /2022P) [2023] ZAKZPHC 109 (21 June 2023)	1 citation
147.	Buhle Waste (Pty) Ltd ; In Re: Makhathini Medical Waste (Pty) Ltd v MEC for Health, KwaZulu-Natal and Others (8721/2021) [2022] ZAKZPHC 76 (7 December 2022)	1 citation
148.	Butcher Shop and Grill CC v Trustees for the time being of the Bymyam Trust (038/2022) [2023] ZASCA 57 (21 April 2023)	1 citation
149.	Caledon River Properties (Pty) Ltd t/a Magwa Construction Profteam CC v Special Investigating Unit and Another (GP17/2020) [2022] ZAST 40 (7 September 2022)	1 citation
150.	Centre for Child Law v Director of Public Prosecutions, Johannesburg and Others [2022] ZACC 35 (29 September 2022)	1 citation
151.	Centre for Child Law v T S and Others [2023] ZACC 22 (29 June 2023)	1 citation
152.	City of Cape Town v Commando and Others (1303/2021) [2023] ZASCA 7 (6 February 2023)	1 citation
153.	Classic Crown Properties 55 CC and Others v Standard Bank of South Africa Ltd (A314/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1137 (5 October 2023)	1 citation
154.	Collatz N.O. and Another v Alexander Forbes Financial Services (Pty) Ltd and Others (A 5067/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 75 (31 January 2022)	1 citation
155.	Commissioner for South African Revenue Service and Another v Richards Bay Coal Terminal (Pty) Ltd (1299/2021) [2023] ZASCA 39 (31 March 2023)	1 citation
156.	Communicare NPC v Burgins and Others (14664/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 62 (24 May 2023)	1 citation
157.	Constantia Insurance Company Limited v Master of High Court, Johannesburg and Others (512/2021) [2022] ZASCA 179 (13 December 2022)	1 citation
158.	Coral Lagoon Investments 194 (Pty) Ltd and Another v Capitec Bank Holdings Limited (887/2021) [2022] ZASCA 144 (24 October 2022)	1 citation
159.	Delaney v Hi-Tech Training Academy (Pty) Ltd and Others (A2022-021757) [2023] ZAGPJHC 877 (28 August 2023)	1 citation
160.	Department of Human Settlement Gauteng Provincial Government and Another v Unlawful Occupiers of Boiketlong Mega Housing Development and Another (43690/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 62 (31 January 2022)	1 citation
161.	Diageo South Africa (Pty) Ltd v TTG Communications Group (Pty) Ltd t/a Two Tone Global (027069/23) [2023] ZAGPJHC 305 (17 April 2023)	1 citation
162.	Director of Public Prosecutions Gauteng Division Pretoria v D M S and Another (69/2022) [2023] ZASCA 65 (12 May 2023)	1 citation
163.	Dlamini v Road Accident Fund (21375/19) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1044 (7 September 2022)	1 citation
164.	Dlomo v Premier of KwaZulu-Natal and Others (4491/18P) [2023] ZAKZPHC 59 (29 May 2023)	1 citation
165.	Dyantyi v Rhodes University and Others (846 of 2020) [2022] ZASCA 32 (29 March 2022)	1 citation
166.	Eastern Cape Rural Development Agency and Another v Agribee Beef Fund (Pty) Ltd and Others (827 of 2020) [2022] ZASCA 2 (6 January 2022)	1 citation
167.	Emedia Investments Proprietary Limited South Africa v Multichoice Proprietary Limited and Another (201/CAC/JUN22) [2022] ZACAC 12 (5 August 2022)	1 citation
168.	Erasmus v Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service (9706/21) [2023] ZAWCHC 127 (18 August 2023)	1 citation
169.	Ethekwini Municipality v Cooperativa Muratori & Cementisti - CMC di Ravenna Societa Cooperativa (181/2022) [2023] ZASCA 95 (12 June 2023)	1 citation
170.	Ex Parte: Fourie and Another; In Re: Fourie and Another v De Wet N.O. and Others (13080/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 59 (17 May 2023)	1 citation
171.	Ex parte: Montshiwa (672/2021) [2023] ZASCA 19 (3 March 2023)	1 citation
172.	Forum De Monitoria Do Orcamento v Chang and Others (40441/21) [2021] ZAGPJHC 418 (7 December 2021)	1 citation
173.	Freedom Under Law v Judicial Service Commission and Another (550/2022) [2023] ZASCA 103 (22 June 2023)	1 citation
174.	Freestone Property Investment (Pty) Ltd v JDI Research (Pty) Ltd and Another (28832/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 73 (15 February 2022)	1 citation
175.	Goldrush Group (Pty) Ltd v North West Gambling Board and Others (648/2021) [2022] ZASCA 164 (28 November 2022)	1 citation
176.	Goscor Finance (Pty) Ltd and Another v Shakgapicle Trading and Projects Ltd and Anothers (6822/2022) [2022] ZAGPJHC 837 (31 October 2022)	1 citation
177.	Govan Mbeki Local Municipality and Another v Glencore Operations South Africa (Pty) Ltd and Others (334 of 2021; 338 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 93 (17 June 2022)	1 citation
178.	Hendricks v Church of Province of Southern Africa, Diocese of Free State (108 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 95 (20 June 2022)	1 citation
179.	Hohl N.O. and Others v Dalcos and Others (38224/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 49 (11 February 2022)	1 citation
180.	Hosi Technologies (Pty) Ltd v Bebeza (A 3125/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 617 (6 September 2022)	1 citation
181.	Hospital Association of South Africa v Head of Department, KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health and Others (P 9148/2021) [2022] ZAKZPHC 8 (10 March 2022)	1 citation
182.	J W v N W (2019/26732) [2023] ZAGPJHC 188 (16 March 2023)	1 citation
183.	Jeanru Konstruksie (Pty) Ltd v Botes (A304/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 641 (30 May 2023)	1 citation
184.	Jovan Projects (Pty) Ltd v ICB Property investments (Pty) Ltd (32427/20) [2021] ZAGPJHC 443 (20 December 2021)	1 citation
185.	KV v PV (13126/20) [2021] ZAGPJHC 432 (14 December 2021)	1 citation
186.	Khedama v Minister of Police (D 13841/2013) [2022] ZAKZDHC 19 (17 January 2022)	1 citation
187.	Khumalo v Zululand District Municipality and Another (10569/2023P) [2023] ZAKZPHC 80 (1 August 2023)	1 citation
188.	Knoetze v Rand Mutual Assurance (A 3047/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 3 (12 January 2022)	1 citation
189.	Kona v Premier Eastern Cape and Others (3277/2018) [2023] ZAECMHC 30 (20 June 2023)	1 citation
190.	Kunene Rampala Inc v North West Province Department of Education and Sport and Development (460/2022) [2023] ZASCA 120 (15 September 2023)	1 citation
191.	Land and Agricultural Bank of South Africa v Minister of Rural Development and Land Reform and Others (1174/2021) [2022] ZASCA 133 (13 October 2022)	1 citation
192.	Letsi v Mepha and Another; In re: Letsi v Mepha and Others (42/2021) [2022] ZAFSHC 33 (13 May 2022)	1 citation
193.	Levi and Another v Bankitny and Another (2611/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 84 (13 June 2023)	1 citation
194.	Liberty Group Ltd v Moosa (126/2021) [2023] ZASCA 52 (14 April 2023)	1 citation
195.	Liezel Venter NO and Another v Alba Skrynwerkersgeboue Pty Ltd (1871/2021) [2022] ZANCHC 31 (22 July 2022)	1 citation
196.	Lötter NO and Others v Minister of Water and Sanitation and Others (725/2020) [2021] ZASCA 159 (8 November 2021)	1 citation
197.	MEC for Public Works and Others v Ikamva Architects and Others (235/2021) [2022] ZAECBHC 11 (17 March 2022)	1 citation
198.	Malawu v MEC for Cooperative Governance & Traditional Affairs and Another (CA&R 118/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 13 (31 May 2022)	1 citation
199.	Malema and Another v AfriForum NPC and Another (89196/2016) [2023] ZAGPPHC 15 (17 January 2023)	1 citation
200.	Malgas and Another v Alexander and Others (21137/17) [2022] ZAGPJHC 59 (13 January 2022)	1 citation
201.	Mannaru and Another v McLennan-Smith and Others (271/2021) [2022] ZASCA 137 (24 October 2022)	1 citation
202.	Mashao N.O. v Government Employees Pension Fund and Others (5382/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 655 (6 June 2023)	1 citation
203.	Mashinini v Member of the Executive Council for Health and Social Development, Gauteng Provincial Government (335/2021) [2023] ZASCA 53 (18 April 2023)	1 citation
204.	Mashinini v National Commissioner of the South African Police and Another (2020/22087) [2023] ZAGPJHC 306 (23 March 2023)	1 citation
205.	Masinga and Others v Chief of South African National Defence Force and Others (51 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 1 (5 January 2022)	1 citation
206.	Matamela v Mulaudzi (475 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 71 (23 May 2022)	1 citation
207.	Mathunjwa v Minister of Police (A3134/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 12 (11 January 2023)	1 citation
208.	Mazetti Management Services (Pty) Ltd and Another v Amabhungane Centre For Investigative Journalism NPC and Others (2023-050131) [2023] ZAGPJHC 795 (3 July 2023)	1 citation
209.	Mdluli v Minister of Police (3057/2017) [2023] ZAGPPHC 737 (28 June 2023)	1 citation
210.	Member of the Executive Council for Local Government, Environmental Affairs and Development and Development Planning, Western Cape Province v Knysna Municipality and Others; In Re: Knysna Municipality and Others v Member of the Executive Council for Local Government, Environmental Affairs and Development and Development Planning, Western Cape Province and Another; Member of the Executive Council for Local Government, Environmental Affairs and Development and Development Planning, Western Cape Province v Knysna Municipality and Others; In Re: Knysna Municipality and Others v Member of the Executive Council for Local Government, Environmental Affairs and Development and Development Planning, Western Cape Province and Another (3488/2023) [2023] ZAWCHC 75 (7 June 2023)	1 citation
211.	Mfolozi Community Environmental Justice Organisation and Others v Tendele Coal Mining (Pty) Ltd and Others (3518/2023P) [2023] ZAKZPHC 73 (13 July 2023)	1 citation
212.	Minister of FInance v Sakeliga NPC (previously known as Afribusiness NPC) and Others [2022] ZACC 17 (30 May 2022)	1 citation
213.	Minister of Police v Mathibela (A165/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 826 (2 November 2022)	1 citation
214.	Mobile Telephone Networks (Pty) Ltd v Commissioner for South African Revenue Service (855/2021) [2022] ZASCA 142 (24 October 2022)	1 citation
215.	Mofoka v Minister of Police (3970/2020) [2022] ZAECMHC 33 (4 September 2022)	1 citation
216.	Mogale and Others v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others [2023] ZACC 14 (30 May 2023)	1 citation
217.	Mokhele and Another v South African Legal Practice Council ; In re: South African Legal Practice Council v Mokhele and Another (5511/2022) [2023] ZAFSHC 70 (27 March 2023)	1 citation
218.	Moroka v Premier of Free State Province and Others (295 of 2020) [2022] ZASCA 34 (31 March 2022)	1 citation
219.	Mulaudzi v Minister of Human Settlements and Others (Reasons) (12774/2022) [2022] ZAGPJHC 17 (22 April 2022)	1 citation
220.	NDPP v Sharma and Others (2427/2021) [2022] ZAFSHC 35 (16 May 2022)	1 citation
221.	National Arts Council Of South Africa and Another v Nyathela and Another (14562/2018) [2023] ZAGPJHC 779 (4 July 2023)	1 citation
222.	National Commissioner of Correctional Services and Another v Democratic Alliance and Others (33/2022) [2022] ZASCA 159 (21 November 2022)	1 citation
223.	National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa obo Dhludhlu and Others v Marley Pipe Systems (SA) (Pty) LImited [2022] ZACC 30 (22 August 2022)	1 citation
224.	National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa v Trenstar (Pty) Limited [2023] ZACC 11 (18 April 2023)	1 citation
225.	Ndlovu and Others v Mangosuthu University of Technology and Others (D8841/2022) [2023] ZAKZDHC 15 (28 April 2023)	1 citation
226.	Ngajuka vs Minister of Police (32049/12) [2021] ZAGPJHC 97 (9 November 2021)	1 citation
227.	Noemdo v Minister of Police (2987/2018) [2022] ZAECPEHC 2 (3 May 2022)	1 citation
228.	Ntiyiso Consulting CC v Mafube Local Municipality (1215/2019) [2022] ZAFSHC 116 (22 August 2022)	1 citation
229.	O'Brien N.O. v Minister of Defence and Military Veterans and Others (1271/2021) [2022] ZASCA 178 (13 December 2022)	1 citation
230.	Odendaal Erasmus and Thulare Inc and Others v Special Investigation Unit (33867/17) [2022] ZAGPPHC 739 (23 August 2022)	1 citation
231.	Organisation Undoing Tax Abuse v Minister of Transport and Others [2023] ZACC 24 (12 July 2023)	1 citation
232.	PIC Soc Ltd and Another v Trencon Construction (Pty) Ltd and Another (365/2022) [2023] ZASCA 88 (8 June 2023)	1 citation
233.	Pentagon Financial Solutions(Pretoria) (Pty) Ltd v Basson N.N.O. and Others (13001/2021) [2023] ZAWCHC 66 (15 May 2023)	1 citation
234.	Pohlman obo M F L v MEC for Department of Health Gauteng Provincial Government (33632/2014) [2023] ZAGPJHC 535 (22 May 2023)	1 citation
235.	RCL Foods Consumer (Pty) Ltd v Western Cape Minister of Local Government, Environmental Affairs and Development Planning and Others (5779/2020) [2023] ZAWCHC 10 (6 February 2023)	1 citation
236.	RDP’S Business Enterprise CC v City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality and Another (59109/20) [2023] ZAGPPHC 626 (2 June 2023)	1 citation
237.	Rabalao v Trustees for the Time Being of Legal Practitioner's Fidelity Fund South Africa and Another (63838/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 206 (3 April 2023)	1 citation
238.	Regimenst Fund Managers (Pty) Ltd and Others v Commissioner for the SARS and Another (33815/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 610 (5 September 2022)	1 citation
239.	Rensburg v Minister of Police and Another (557 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 105 (29 June 2022)	1 citation
240.	Ringhaven Community Residents Association v Nunkissor and Others (D1142/2022) [2023] ZAKZPHC 43 (19 April 2023)	1 citation
241.	Roux v University of Stellenbosch N.N.O. and Others; University of Stellenbosch v Roux and Another (11368/15; 6577/22) [2023] ZAWCHC 36 (25 April 2023)	1 citation
242.	S A v Minister of Home Affairs and Another; S J v Minister of Home Affairs and Another; B I v Minister of Home Affairs and Another (A5053/2021; A5054/2021; A5055/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 178 (14 March 2023)	1 citation
243.	S v Barendse and Another (A01/2023) [2023] ZAWCHC 63 (22 May 2023)	1 citation
244.	S v Gila (A93/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 5 (19 January 2023)	1 citation
245.	S v Green (Appeal Judgment) (AR 176/2021) [2022] ZAKZPHC 31 (29 July 2022)	1 citation
246.	S v Kara and Others (A 218/22) [2022] ZAWCHC 180 (1 December 2022)	1 citation
247.	S v Khomo and Others (R33/2023(B)) [2023] ZAFSHC 195 (3 October 2023)	1 citation
248.	S v Makgobo (A121/2023) [2023] ZAWCHC 143 (8 September 2023)	1 citation
249.	S v Mduduzi (PE 411099/2017) [2022] ZAGPJHC 14 (21 April 2022)	1 citation
250.	S v Mkolo (CC 40/2021) [2022] ZAECBHC 2 (28 April 2022)	1 citation
251.	S v Mpuqe (37 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 37 (4 April 2022)	1 citation
252.	S v Zuma and Another (Ruling and Reasons [for Recusal]) (CCD 30/2018P) [2023] ZAKZPHC 8 (30 January 2023)	1 citation
253.	SAR Investments (Pty) Ltd Ltd and Others v Standard Bank of South Africa (16344/21) [2023] ZAGPJHC 837 (27 July 2023)	1 citation
254.	Sakeliga NPC v Auditor General South Africa (36297/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 754 (30 June 2023)	1 citation
255.	Samuels v Hlophe (771/21) [2023] ZASCA 49 (13 April 2023)	1 citation
256.	Sasol Chevron Holdings Limited v Commissioner for South African Revenue Service (149/2022) [2023] ZACC 30 (3 October 2023)	1 citation
257.	Sehlapelo v Office of Ombud for Financial Services Providers and Others (84366/19) [2023] ZAGPPHC 582 (19 May 2023)	1 citation
258.	Sekgala v Body Corporate of Petra Nera; In Re: Body Corporate of Petra Nera v Sekgala (08951/2017) [2023] ZAGPJHC 250 (13 April 2023)	1 citation
259.	Skog N.O. and Others v Agullus and Others (797/2021) [2023] ZASCA 15 (20 February 2023)	1 citation
260.	Snowy Owl Properties 284 (Pty) Ltd v Celliers and Another (1295/2021) [2023] ZASCA 37 (31 March 2023)	1 citation
261.	Snowy Owl Properties 284 (Pty) Ltd v Mziki Share Block Limited (886/2021) [2023] ZASCA 2 (19 January 2023)	1 citation
262.	Social Justice Coalition and Others v Minister of Police and Others [2022] ZACC 27 (19 July 2022)	1 citation
263.	Spagni v Acting Director of Public Prosecutions, Western Cape and Others (455/22) [2023] ZASCA 24 (13 March 2023)	1 citation
264.	Speaker of National Assembly and Others v New Nation Movement NPC and Others (Reasons) [2023] ZACC 12 (20 April 2023)	1 citation
265.	Special Investigating Unit and Another v LNG Scientific (Pty) Ltd; In re: LNG Scientific (Pty) Ltd v Special Investigating Unit and Another (GP03/2022) [2022] ZAST 34 (29 June 2022)	1 citation
266.	Special Investigating Unit and Another v Ndlovu and Others (Reasons for Order) (GP19/2021) [2023] ZAST 2 (31 January 2023)	1 citation
267.	Special Investigating Unit and Others v Lekabe (GP09/19) [2022] ZAST 32 (9 June 2022)	1 citation
268.	Special Investigating Unit v Cultiver Investments (Pty) Ltd and Others (GP07/2019) [2023] ZAST 9 (19 April 2023)	1 citation
269.	Special Investigating Unit v Mlangeni Brothers and Another (GP07/2021) [2022] ZAST 47 (14 November 2022)	1 citation
270.	Special Investigating Unit v Zakheni Strategic Supplies (Pty) Ltd and Another (GP09/2021) [2022] ZAST 35 (29 June 2022)	1 citation
271.	Thobejane and Others v Regional Lands Claim Commissioner for Limpopo and Others (LCC 7 4/2018) [2022] ZALCC 3 (14 February 2022)	1 citation
272.	Tonise and Others v Minister of Water and Sanitation and Others (1274/2022) [2023] ZAECGHC 50 (24 May 2023)	1 citation
273.	Trustees for time being of Legacy Body Corporate v Bae Estates and Escapes (Pty) Ltd and Another (304/2020) [2021] ZASCA 157 (5 November 2021)	1 citation
274.	Unica Iron and Steel (Pty) Ltd and Another v Minister of Trade and Industry and Another (1332/2021) [2023] ZASCA 42 (31 March 2023)	1 citation
275.	Union for Police Security and Corrections Organisation v South African Custodial Management (Pty) Ltd and Others [2021] ZACC 41 (12 November 2021)	1 citation
276.	V V and Another v Minister of Social Development and Another [2023] ZACC 21 (29 June 2023)	1 citation
277.	Vatsha v Johannesburg Society of Advocates (0978/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 453 (10 May 2023)	1 citation
278.	Verster and Another v Mafadi Management Letting Sales (12294/22) [2022] ZAGPJHC 228 (19 April 2022)	1 citation
279.	Weinert and Another v Municipality of City of Cape Town and Others (2582/2022) [2022] ZAWCHC 173 (1 August 2022)	1 citation
280.	Wild v Legal Practice Council and Others (31130/2019) [2023] ZAGPPHC 521 (19 May 2023)	1 citation
281.	A B v T C (19568/2018) [2023] ZAGPJHC 881 (31 August 2023)
282.	A C v S A M (22507/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 775 (27 June 2023)
283.	A M v S D (AR 220/2022) [2023] ZAKZPHC 50 (12 May 2023)
284.	A M v S M (45707/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 864 (25 August 2023)
285.	A R v A T (2022/2513) [2023] ZAGPJHC 380 (25 April 2023)
286.	A S and Another v L E and Others (5530/2022) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1100 (22 July 2022)
287.	A W v C W (043054/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 983 (31 August 2023)
288.	ADP Marine & Modular Proprietary Limited v Rocher and Others (5701/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 136 (25 July 2023)
289.	AK v LKG (43557/21) [2021] ZAGPJHC 90 (15 November 2021)
290.	ALG Boerdery (Pty) Ltd and Another v Van Heerden N.N.O. and Another (2699/2023) [2023] ZAWCHC 80 (14 June 2023)
291.	ASI Capital (Pty) Ltd v Mann and Another (2022/059634) [2023] ZAGPJHC 29 (23 January 2023)
292.	Abadiga v Minister of Defence and Military Veterans and Others (2023/018570) [2023] ZAGPJHC 353 (20 April 2023)
293.	Abaqulusi Local Municipality and Another v Premier of the Province of Kwazulu-Natal and Others (3003/2022P) [2023] ZAKZPHC 100 (15 September 2023)
294.	Abner Engineering and Supplies (Pty) Ltd v Thaver (41714/19) [2022] ZAGPJHC 279 (11 May 2022)
295.	Abrahams v S (A188/2022; MSH 201/2018) [2024] ZAWCHC 75 (20 May 2024)
296.	Absa Bank Limited v Flusk and Others (22982/21) [2021] ZAGPJHC 493 (17 December 2021)
297.	Absa Bank Limited v Mosima and Another (15820/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 907 (17 August 2023)
298.	Absa Bank Limited v Shaw and Another (38990/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 428 (28 June 2022)
299.	Absa Bank Ltd v Gontsana and Another (27485/2013) [2023] ZAGPJHC 90 (7 February 2023)
300.	Absa Bank Ltd v Tebeila NO and Others (2019/14019) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1158 (29 November 2022)
301.	Absa Bank v Van Zyl (Reasons) (M644/2022) [2023] ZANWHC 629 (29 August 2023)
302.	Absa Home Loans Guarantee Company (RF) (Pty) Ltd and Another v ERF 1404 Dainfern CC and Others (41403/19) [2022] ZAGPJHC 878 (28 July 2022)
303.	Absa Home Loans Guarantee Company (RF) (Pty) Ltd and Another v ERF 1404 Dainfern CC and Others (41403/2019) [2022] ZAGPJHC 467 (28 July 2022)
304.	Action SA v Electoral Commission of South Africa (006/2021/EC) [2022] ZAEC 2 (18 January 2022)
305.	Adendorff N.O. and Another v Kubheka and Another (463 of 2020) [2022] ZASCA 29 (24 March 2022)
306.	Adidas International Trading AG (Switzerland) and Another v Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service (2019/28878) [2023] ZAGPPHC 633 (6 June 2023)
307.	Adlam v Fabri South Africa (Pty) Ltd (A 5009/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 353 (8 April 2022)
308.	Afhco Holdings (Pty) Limited v City Of Johannesburg Metropolitan and Others (2021/58758) [2023] ZAGPJHC 752 (26 June 2023)
309.	AfriForum v Economic Freedom Fighters and Others (EQ 4/2020) [2022] ZAGPJHC 41 (25 August 2022)
310.	Africa Community Media (Pty) Ltd and Others v Standard Bank of SA Ltd; Africa Community Media (Pty) Ltd and Others v Standard Bank of SA Ltd N.O. and Another (9318/2022; EC08/2023) [2023] ZAWCHC 146 (14 September 2023)
311.	Africa Parts Group Holdings (Pty) Ltd and Others v Titan Auto Parts (Pty) Ltd and Others (39009/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 33 (17 January 2022)
312.	Africa Wide Mineral Prospecting and Exploration (Pty) Ltd v Platinum Group Metals (RSA) (Pty) Ltd and Others (31329/18) [2022] ZAGPJHC 941 (14 June 2022)
313.	Africa Wide Mineral Prospecting and Exploration (Pty) Ltd v Platinum Group Metals (RSA) (Pty) Ltd and Others (31329/2018) [2022] ZAGPJHC 31 (14 June 2022)
314.	African Climante Alliance and Others v Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy and Others (56907/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1081 (9 December 2022)
315.	African Congress for Transformation v Electoral Commission of South Africa ; Labour Party of South Africa v Electoral Commission of South Africa and Others ; Afrikan Alliance of Social Democrats v Electoral Commission of South Africa (Reasons) (CCT 106/24; CCT 113/24; CCT 114/24) [2024] ZACC 7 (20 May 2024)
316.	African Economic Freedom v Electoral Commission of South Africa (022/24EC) [2024] ZAEC 17 (21 May 2024)
317.	African Independent Congress and Others v Mtshayisa and Others (P 1112/2021) [2022] ZAKZPHC 9 (9 May 2022)
318.	African Paper Products (Pty) Ltd and Another v Director of Public Procecutions :Eastern Cape and Another (250/2020) [2022] ZAECGHC 75 (21 October 2022)
319.	African Paper Products (Pty) Ltd and Another v Director of Public Prosecutions Eastern Cape and Another (250/2020) [2022] ZAECPEHC 44 (31 October 2022)
320.	African Transformation Movement v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others (7186/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 50 (26 April 2023)
321.	African Unity Life Ltd v Prosper Funeral Solutions (Pty) Ltd (2021/55922) [2023] ZAGPJHC 20 (14 January 2023)
322.	Afriforum NPC v Premier, Gauteng Province and Others (1000/2020) [2021] ZASCA 185 (24 December 2021)
323.	Afriforum v Economic Freedom Fighters and Others (1105/2022) [2024] ZASCA 82 (28 May 2024)
324.	Afriforum v South African Human Rights Commission N.N.O. and Others; De Klerk N.N.O. and Others v South African Rights Commission N.N.O. and Others (14370/2019; 31328/2019) [2023] ZAGPJHC 827 (14 July 2023)
325.	Afrikaans Kleurling Bewustheids Party and Another v Electoral Commission of South Africa and Others (001/22EC) [2022] ZAEC 5 (29 March 2022)
326.	Afrirent Fleet (Pty) Ltd v Moqhaka Local Municipality and Another (4023/2021) [2023] ZAFSHC 135 (18 August 2023)
327.	Agnes and Another v Tobeka and Others (42040/2018) [2022] ZAGPJHC 785 (19 October 2022)
328.	Airports Company South Africa Ltd v Royal Haskoning DHV (Pty) Ltd and Another (30343/2020) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1125 (21 September 2022)
329.	Akasia Road Surfacing (Pty) Ltd and Others v City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (B39161/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 878 (10 August 2023)
330.	Albaraka Bank v New Turn Investments (Pty) Ltd (D3715/2021) [2023] ZAKZDHC 32 (18 July 2023)
331.	Alf's Tippers CC v Steyn (11407/2019) [2023] ZAGPJHC 527 (19 May 2023)
332.	Alfred Duma Local Municipality and Others v MEC Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs KwaZulu-Natal and Others (4569/23) [2023] ZAKZPHC 53 (22 May 2023)
333.	Alf’s Tippers CC v Baloyi and Others (2020/19556) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1186 (27 September 2023)
334.	Algoa Bus Company (Pty) Ltd v Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality and Others (2202/2019) [2022] ZAECGHC 1 (26 April 2022)
335.	Allie and Others v Department of Rural Development and Land Reform and Others (LCC 145/2019) [2024] ZALCC 9 (8 May 2024)
336.	Altech Radio Holdings (Pty) Ltd v Aeonova 360 Management Services (Pty) Ltd and Another (2023-032374) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1101 (29 September 2023)
337.	Altron Tmt (Pty) Ltd v City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality and Others (23/075060) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1035 (8 September 2023)
338.	Ama Casa Props 129 (Pty) Limited v City of Johannesburg and Others (32217/19) [2021] ZAGPJHC 96 (9 November 2021)
339.	Amad and Another v Sibiya (22/16783) [2022] ZAGPJHC 834 (3 October 2022)
340.	Amalgamated Lawyers Association v Judicial Service Commission and Others (2022-036684) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1444 (30 August 2023)
341.	Amaning and Others v Ackerman (EQ3-2023) [2024] ZAGPJHC 1723 (10 May 2024)
342.	Amedee v Fidele and Others (9529/20) [2021] ZAGPJHC 541 (20 December 2021)
343.	Amedee v Fidele and Others (9529/2020) [2021] ZAGPJHC 441 (20 December 2021)
344.	Amoah and Others v King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality (348/2019) [2023] ZAECGHC 75 (15 August 2023)
345.	Andrieta v Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (64015/2018) [2023] ZAGPJHC 85 (1 February 2023)
346.	Anioma Property (Pty) Ltd v DMFT Property Developers and Others (49230/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 56 (8 March 2023)
347.	Anthony v Minister of Home Affairs and Others (49327/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 607 (20 October 2022)
348.	Apex Commodities (Pty) Ltd v Agri Trading Services (Pty) Ltd and Others; In Re: Agri Trading Services (Pty) Ltd v Apex Commodities (Pty) Ltd and Another (18620/2018) [2022] ZAGPPHC 636 (26 September 2022)
349.	Aptitude Trading Enterprise (Pty) Ltd and Others v City of Tshwane Metropolitan and Others (33009/2022) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1057 (26 November 2022)
350.	Aqua Transport And Plant Hire (Pty) Ltd v Johannesburg Water Soc Ltd and Another (056285/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1083 (4 April 2023)
351.	Aqua Transport and Plant Hire (Pty) Limited v eThekwini Municipality and Others (D9024/2020) [2023] ZAKZPHC 101 (22 February 2023)
352.	Arena Holdings (Pty) Ltd t/a Financial Mail and Others v SARS and Others (88359/19) [2021] ZAGPPHC 3 (16 November 2021)
353.	Arena Holdings (Pty) Ltd t/a Financial Mail and Others v South African Revenue Service and Others [2023] ZACC 13 (30 May 2023)
354.	Arteflex (Pty) Ltd v Pieters and Another (2023-024313) [2023] ZAGPPHC 213 (11 April 2023)
355.	Aslam v President of Health Professions Council of South Africa N.O. and Others (34380/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 194 (30 March 2023)
356.	Assmang Proprietary Ltd v Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service and Others (91960/2015) [2023] ZAGPPHC 727 (27 June 2023)
357.	Attieh and Others v Commissioner for South African Revenue Services (33784/2019) [2022] ZAGPPHC 587 (6 September 2022)
358.	Auditor-General of South Africa v Accounting Officer of Gateway Airports Authority (Ltd) and Another (124/2022) [2022] ZALMPPHC 7 (26 May 2022)
359.	Aveng Africa (Pty) Ltd v Seventy Five on Maude (Pty) Ltd and Others (13909/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 324 (24 May 2022)
360.	Aviation Co-Ordination Services (Pty) Ltd and Others v Airports Company South Africa Soc Ltd and Others (22/20741) [2023] ZAGPJHC 798 (10 July 2023)
361.	B S v P M (A3096/2022) [2024] ZAGPJHC 1734 (17 May 2024)
362.	BCB Cable Jointing CC v Ampcor Khanyisan(Pty) Ltd and Others (4709/2021) [2023] ZAWCHC 45 (5 May 2023)
363.	BP Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd and Commissioner for South African Revenue Service (A 24/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 821 (20 July 2022)
364.	BSSC Radiators v Bawden and Another (11789/22) [2022] ZAGPJHC 298 (26 April 2022)
365.	Babcock Ntuthuko Engineering (Pty) Ltd v Eskom Holdings Soc Ltd and Others (64288/2021) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1005 (17 November 2022)
366.	Badenhorst and Others v City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality and Others (52/2023) [2023] ZAGPJHC 255 (4 April 2023)
367.	Badenhorst and Others v City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality and Others (Judgment) (00052/2023) [2023] ZAGPJHC 169 (8 March 2023)
368.	Baepi v Smith and Another; In Re: Smith v Baepi and Another (A245/22) [2023] ZAGPPHC 922 (16 August 2023)
369.	Bakgatla Ba Mocha Ba Phopolo Traditional Community of Mmametlhake and Another v Mpumalanga Province the Chairperson of Provincial Committee on Traditional Leadership and Others (A255/2022) [2024] ZAGPPHC 505 (24 May 2024)
370.	Bakgatla-Ba-Kgafela Communal Property Association v Chief Land Claims Commissioner and Others (LCC08/2021) [2022] ZALCC 20 (8 July 2022)
371.	Baloyi and Another v Minister of Police and Another (14884/2015) [2022] ZAGPJHC 727 (23 September 2022)
372.	Barda v Minister of Police (8901/16) [2022] ZAGPPHC 710 (19 April 2022)
373.	Barnard NO and Another v National Consumer Tribunal and Another (940/2021) [2023] ZASCA 121 (18 September 2023)
374.	Barnes v Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality and Another (996 of 2020) [2022] ZASCA 77 (30 May 2022)
375.	Barstow and Others v City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Council South African (534/2020) [2023] ZAGPJHC 794 (7 July 2023)
376.	Basfour 3327 (Pty) Ltd v Thwala and Others (LCC 160/2017B) [2023] ZALCC 19 (30 June 2023)
377.	Basson v Basson (260/2019) [2022] ZAECGHC 18 (7 June 2022)
378.	Bayer Intellectual Property GMBH and Others v New Clicks South Africa (Pty) Ltd and Others (2022/8099) [2023] ZAGPPHC 649 (7 June 2023)
379.	Bayer Intellectual Property GMBH and Others v Reddy's Laboratories (Pty) Ltd (62385/07-5) [2021] ZAGPJHC 460 (9 November 2021)
380.	Bayport Securitisation Limited and Another v University of Stellenbosch Law Clinic and Others (507/2020) [2021] ZASCA 156 (4 November 2021)
381.	Bechan and Another v SARS Customs Investigations Unit and Others (19626/22) [2022] ZAGPPHC 823 (25 July 2022)
382.	Becker v Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy and Others (3473/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 3 (19 January 2023)
383.	Bellisimo Homeowners Associations (RF) NPC v Mafadi Management and Letting Sales (Pty) Ltd (12341/2020) [2022] ZAGPJHC 618 (6 September 2022)
384.	Beneficio Development (Pty) Ltd v Tarentaal Centre Investment (Pty) Ltd and Another (22258/20) [2023] ZAGPPHC 539 (23 May 2023)
385.	Benjamin and Another v FNB Trust Services (Pty) Ltd NO and Others (22013/2015) [2022] ZAWCHC 142 (27 September 2022)
386.	Bessick v Baroque Medical (Pty) Ltd (WECT 13083/21) [2022] ZACCMA 1 (9 May 2022)
387.	Beyonce Hairpiece Salon and General and Another v Bester and Another (AR423/2022) [2023] ZAKZPHC 94 (8 September 2023)
388.	Bidvest Bank Ltd v Kwane Fleet Services (Pty) Ltd and Another (44121/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 448 (22 July 2022)
389.	Bidvest Bank Ltd v Kwane Fleet Services (Pty) Ltd and Another (44121/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 885 (22 July 2022)
390.	Bilal Investments (Pty) Ltd v Borole and Others (40323/2020) [2022] ZAGPJHC 383 (10 May 2022)
391.	Binga v Cabinet for South West Africa and Others (250/1984) [1988] ZASCA 22 (24 March 1988)
392.	Bisset v Minister of Department of Rural Development and Land Reform and Others (LCC171/2021) [2023] ZALCC 15 (31 March 2023)
393.	Bizz Tracers (Pty) Ltd v Eskom Holdings Soc Ltd (17532/2019) [2023] ZAGPPHC 212 (23 March 2023)
394.	Blacher v Josephson (A15/22) [2023] ZAWCHC 17 (14 February 2023)
395.	Black Insurance Advisors Council v City of Tswane Metropolitan Municipality (36780/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 10 (16 January 2023)
396.	Black Lawyers' Association v Eskom (Soc) Limited (8370/22) [2022] ZAGPJHC 302 (12 April 2022)
397.	Blackbery Mobile South Africa (Pty) Ltd and Another v Wessels and Others (8021/2022) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1124 (12 December 2022)
398.	Blakey Investments (Pty) Ltd v Reckitt Benckiser South Africa (Pty) Ltd and Another (31783/2014) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1133 (3 October 2023)
399.	Block v Upington Correctional Supervision and Parole Board and Others (893/2023) [2023] ZANCHC 65 (15 September 2023)
400.	Blue Crane Municipality v Parks Board (953/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 11 (31 May 2022)
401.	Body Corporate of Candice Glades v Derrocks Attorneys and Another (47219/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 381 (6 June 2022)
402.	Body Corporate of SS Country View v City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality and Another (079326/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 934 (22 August 2023)
403.	Body Corporate of the Six Sectional Title v City of Cape Town (15732/2019) [2023] ZAWCHC 37 (26 April 2023)
404.	Border-Kei Chamber of Business and Another v Komani Protest Action Group (“KPA”) and Others (442/2023) [2023] ZAECGHC 52 (23 May 2023)
405.	Boshego v Correctional Supervision and Parole Board and Others (40175/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 648 (7 June 2023)
406.	Boshoff and Another v Afrikaners Cattle Breeders Society of South Africa (1001/2023) [2023] ZAFSHC 88 (18 May 2023)
407.	Botha NO and Others v Jonker and Others (1003/2022) [2024] ZASCA 78 (27 May 2024)
408.	Botha v Commission for Gender Equality N.N.O. and Others (58057/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 131 (15 February 2023)
409.	Botha v FEMA and Others (A546/2017) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1007 (7 November 2022)
410.	Bothongo Agriculture GP (Pty) Limited v Johannesburg Water Soc Limited (2023-013882) [2023] ZAGPJHC 296 (20 March 2023)
411.	Boudewyn Homburg de Vries Suts N.O and Others v MEC for Department of Economic Affairs and Others (1199/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 35 (26 July 2022)
412.	Breytenbach NO and Another v Ellison and Another (84994/19) [2022] ZAGPPHC 946 (17 June 2022)
413.	Bricker and Another v Hobkirk (6972/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 63 (5 April 2023)
414.	Broadhurst v Gearhouse Splitbeam (Pty) Ltd and Another (9915/2020) [2023] ZAGPJHC 802 (6 July 2023)
415.	Buchler v Minister of SAPS NO and Others (6310/2022) [2023] ZAFSHC 1 (5 January 2023)
416.	Buffalo Metropolitan Municipality and Another v Magqazana (Leave to Appeal) (EL 1386/2023) [2024] ZAECELLC 26 (2 May 2024)
417.	Buildia Construction Cape Proprietary Ltd v Verveen and Another (018498/13) [2023] ZAGPPHC 162 (22 March 2023)
418.	Burger NO and Others v Bester NO and Others [2021] ZACC 48 (13 December 2021)
419.	C A R v Y R (061066/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 607 (29 May 2023)
420.	C F v S G (538/2022) [2022] ZAWCHC 152 (20 October 2022)
421.	C N and Others v Standing Committee for Refugee Affairs and Others (75188/2019) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1185 (14 February 2022)
422.	C S v T S (645/2020) [2023] ZAECPEHC 42 (13 June 2023)
423.	CLJ v CLE (34367/19) [2023] ZAGPJHC 386 (26 April 2023)
424.	CRRC E-Loco Supply (Pty) Ltd and Commissioner for South African Revenue Service (37766/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 820 (18 July 2022)
425.	Cajiao v Cajiao; In Re: Cajiao v Cajiao (2019/34367) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1181 (7 December 2022)
426.	Canaan Electrical Contractors Reg v City Of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality and Others (293/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1048 (13 September 2023)
427.	Capital City Housing NPC and Another v Msunduzi Municipality and Others (1046/2021 P) [2023] ZAKZPHC 93 (1 September 2023)
428.	Cargo Movers (Southern Africa ) (Pty) Ltd v Transnet Soc Ltd (64902/2016) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1038 (17 November 2022)
429.	Carlisle and Another v Wiese and Another (024692/2022) [2022] ZAGPJHC 769 (14 October 2022)
430.	Casino Association of South Africa v Portapa (Pty) Ltd t/a Supabets and Another; Casino Association of South Africa v Gauteng Gambling Board and Others (38099/2018; 9547/2018) [2023] ZAGPJHC 625 (5 June 2023)
431.	Casting Forging and Machining Cluster of South Africa and Others v National Energy Regulator of SA and Others (92792/2019) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1058 (25 November 2022)
432.	Caterpillar Financial Services South Africa (Pty) Ltd v Azania Money Growth (Pty) Ltd (57254/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1128 (2 October 2023)
433.	Caterpillar Financial Services South Africa (Pty) Ltd v Zero Azania (Pty) Ltd (57252/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1127 (2 October 2023)
434.	Caterpillar Financial Services South Africa (Pty)Ltd v Azania Money Growth (Pty) Ltd (57254/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1123 (8 September 2023)
435.	Caterpillar Financial Services South Africa (Pty)Ltd v Zero Azania (Pty) Ltd (57252/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1122 (8 September 2023)
436.	Central University of Technology Free State v Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality and Others (A12/2020) [2023] ZAFSHC 138 (24 August 2023)
437.	Centrality (Pty) Ltd v Lebakeng and Others (54065/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 861 (25 August 2023)
438.	Centre for Local Community Rights NPO v Buffalo City Municipality (EL 915/2021) [2022] ZAECELLC 13 (26 July 2022)
439.	Chapman's Bay Estate Homeowners' Association v Lotter and Others (9387/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 21 (24 February 2023)
440.	Chetty and Another v Nirvan Bhudai Properties (Pty) Ltd t/a Rawson Kyalami and Another ; In re: Nirvan Bhudai Properties (Pty) Ltd t/a Rawson Kyalami v Chetty and Others (A3062/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 879 (28 August 2023)
441.	Chhita v Ranchod (A5002/2022) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1259 (15 December 2022)
442.	Chief Land Claims Commissioner and Others v South African Agri Initiative; In Re: South African Agri Initiative v Minister of Agriculture, Rural Development and Land Reform and Others (35659/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1075 (19 September 2023)
443.	Chita v Ranchod (A5002/2022) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1231 (15 December 2022)
444.	Chologi v Chairperson: Correctional Supervison and Parole Board and Another (2022/048802) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1200 (12 December 2022)
445.	Christelike Maatskaplike Raad Noord ("CMR North") v Department of Social Development and Others (32944/2022) [2022] ZAGPPHC 614 (20 October 2022)
446.	Chundhur v Rampersad (D 7934/2020) [2022] ZAKZDHC 26 (24 June 2022)
447.	Chung Fung (Pty) Ltd and Another v Mayfair Residents Association and Others (2148/2019; A5068/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 210 (22 March 2023)
448.	Circle Properties (Pty) Ltd v Mashavana and Another (13340/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 349 (3 June 2022)
449.	Circle Properties (Pty) Ltd v Mashavana and Another (13340/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 930 (3 June 2022)
450.	City Of Cape Town v Hussain and Others (A41/2023) [2023] ZAWCHC 108 (22 May 2023)
451.	City Power Johannesburg (Soc) Ltd v Commissioner for South African Revenue Service (20525 of 2022) [2022] ZAGPPHC 536 (6 September 2022)
452.	City of Cape Town v ICT-Works Proprietary Ltd (8049/2019) [2023] ZAWCHC 40 (28 April 2023)
453.	City of Cape Town v Independent Outdoor Media (Pty) Ltd and Others [2023] ZACC 17 (23 June 2023)
454.	City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality v Chief Albert Luthuli Adhoc Committee and Others (8433/2020) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1109 (18 October 2022)
455.	City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality v Unknown Individuals Trespassing and or Attempting to Invade and or Settle on the Immoveable Property Described as Riet-Fontein 153 and Others (2019/25865) [2023] ZAGPJHC 206 (22 February 2023)
456.	City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality and Another v ABSA Vehicle Management Solutions (Pty) Ltd (27752/2017) [2024] ZAGPPHC 474 (21 May 2024)
457.	City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality v Alliance Fleet (Pty) Ltd and Others (2023/085724) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1020 (6 September 2023)
458.	City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality v Unknown Protesters/Refugees and Others (003382/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 196 (4 April 2023)
459.	Clarke and Others v Minister of Police and Others (120/2016) [2023] ZANCHC 56 (22 September 2023)
460.	Clientele Life Assurance Company Ltd and Another v Payment Association of South Africa (2021-42435) [2023] ZAGPJHC 991 (4 September 2023)
461.	Coleman and Others v Unlawful Occupiers and Others (D5527/2020B) [2023] ZAKZDHC 11 (14 March 2023)
462.	Commissioner Shadrack Mongo Sibiya v Amad and Another (16783/2022) [2022] ZAGPJHC 411 (29 June 2022)
463.	Commissioner for South African Revenue Service v Medtronic International Trading SARL (456/2021) [2023] ZASCA 20 (3 March 2023)
464.	Commissioner for South African Revenue Services v Agrizzi and Another (45008/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 866 (24 July 2023)
465.	Commissioner for South African Revenue Services v Moloto and Others (63778/2021) [2022] ZAGPPHC 982 (2 November 2022)
466.	Commissioner for the South African Revenue Services v Virgin Mobile South Africa (Pty) Ltd (A82/22) [2023] ZAGPPHC 920 (17 August 2023)
467.	Commissioner of the SARS and Others v Additional Magistrate, Magistrates Court for the Region of Alexander and Another (28948/2020) [2022] ZAGPJHC 807 (25 October 2022)
468.	Companies and Intellectual Property Commission v Selective Empowerment Investments 1 Ltd (35867 / 2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 550 (24 April 2023)
469.	Competition Commission of South v Bank of America Merrill Lynch International Designated Activity Company and Others (CR212Feb17) [2023] ZACT 3 (30 March 2023)
470.	Competition Commission v Coca-Cola Beverages Africa (Pty) Ltd and Another (194/CAC/Oct 21) [2022] ZACAC 4 (17 June 2022)
471.	Cornelissen Incorporated v Nama Khoi Local Municipality (2754/2016) [2023] ZANCHC 27 (15 June 2023)
472.	Council of the University of South Africa v Minister of Highter Education Science and Innovation and Others; In Re: Principal and Vice Chancellor of the University of South Africa and Others v Minister of Highter Education Science and Innovation and Another (076693/23; 082535/23) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1140 (6 October 2023)
473.	Crawshaw v Young (19762/07) [2022] ZAGPJHC 527 (12 August 2022)
474.	Crocia Events (Pty) Ltd v Special Investigating Unit (GP18/2021) [2022] ZAST 64 (25 March 2022)
475.	Cross Fire Management (Pty) Ltd v Competition Commission of South Africa (192/CAC/Feb21) [2022] ZACAC 2 (10 February 2022)
476.	D H B v C S B (CCT 293/22) [2024] ZACC 9 (22 May 2024)
477.	D H v A H (914/2023) [2023] ZAECGHC 31 (4 April 2023)
478.	D K M and Others v Minister of Home Affairs and Another (037352/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 592 (11 May 2023)
479.	DD v DH (14582/2022) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1224 (19 December 2022)
480.	DHL Project & Chartering Ltd v MV 'Shandong Hai Chang' (A 10/2020) [2022] ZAKZDHC 21 (30 May 2022)
481.	DKD v BDK N.O. and Another (2022/6381) [2023] ZAGPJHC 382 (26 April 2023)
482.	Dancing Beauty and Hair (Pty) Ltd v Northern Centre ShareBlock (Pty) Ltd and Another; InRe: Northern Centre ShareBlock (Pty) Ltd and Another v Dancing Beauty and Hair (Pty) Ltd (19633/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 417 (21 February 2022)
483.	Dangazele and Others v Minister of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development and Others (LCC16/2022) [2022] ZALCC 24 (20 October 2022)
484.	Dangazele and Others v Minister of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development and Others (LCC160/2017) [2022] ZALCC 23 (20 October 2022)
485.	Daniels and Others v M&Y Tombstone Granite Works (Pty) Ltd and Others (LCC161/2022) [2023] ZALCC 13 (23 March 2023)
486.	Dankie Oupa Delwery CC v Commissioner of the South African Revenue Services (39598/20) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1010 (6 September 2022)
487.	Dankie Oupa Delwery CC v Commissioner of the South African Revenue Services (39598/20) [2023] ZAGPPHC 586 (10 March 2023)
488.	Davids v Minister of Defence and Military Veterans and Others ; Miles v Minister of Defence and Military Veterans and Others (13678/2022; 28399/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 141 (27 February 2023)
489.	Davidson v Cough NO and Others (41962/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 731 (25 July 2023)
490.	Davidtz v Klimax Manufacturing (Pty) Ltd (25112/2019) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1039 (22 November 2022)
491.	Dawson v Sidney on Vaal CPA and Another (603/2019) [2022] ZANCHC 22 (27 May 2022)
492.	De Beers Consolidated Mines (Pty) Ltd v Regional Manager Limpopo: Department of Mineral Resources and Energy and Others (66559/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1014 (4 September 2023)
493.	De Bruin and Another v Minister of Police N.O. and Another (849/2018; 895/2018) [2023] ZAECPEHC 25 (28 March 2023)
494.	De Koker v Eskom Holdings Ltd and Another (077168/2023) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1043 (19 September 2023)
495.	De Magalhaes v Christensen NO and Another (13195/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1035 (27 July 2022)
496.	De Magalhaes v Christensen NO and Another (13195/2020) [2022] ZAGPJHC 35 (27 July 2022)
497.	De Villiers NO of Hugo De Villiers Family Trust and Others v Pietersen and Others (06R2023) [2023] ZALCC 7 (28 February 2023)
498.	De Wet and Another v Medihelp Medical Scheme and Another (2022-010668) [2022] ZAGPPHC 537 (26 August 2022)
499.	Defensor Electronic Security (Pty) Ltd v MEC for Cooperative Governance, Human Settlements and Traditional Affairs, Northern Cape Province and Another (Reasons for Order Granted) (1245/2021) [2022] ZANCHC 35 (12 August 2022)
500.	Deighton v Financial Sector Conduct Authority and Others (15703/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 785 (1 August 2022)
501.	Delport v Minister of Police and Others (927/2015) [2023] ZAFSHC 7 (27 January 2023)
502.	Democratic Alliance and Another v Public Protector of South Africa and Others [2023] ZACC 25 (13 July 2023)
503.	Democratic Alliance v Minister of Home Affairs and Another (67/2022) [2023] ZASCA 97 (13 June 2023)
504.	Denga (Mabirimisa) and Others v Arnold NO and Others (1296/2021) [2022] ZASCA 148 (31 October 2022)
505.	Department of Agriculture Land Reform and Rural Development Northern Cape Province Kimberley v Master of the High Court Kimberley (61/2021) [2023] ZANCHC 51 (18 August 2023)
506.	Department of Human Settlements v Unlawful Occupiers of Golden Gardens Development (51418/21) [2021] ZAGPJHC 437 (8 December 2021)
507.	Department of Public Works and Infrastructure v Whittlesea Builders and Civils CC and Others (1359/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 34 (15 February 2022)
508.	Dike v Minister of Police and Another (404/2022) [2023] ZAECBHC 37 (18 July 2023)
509.	Diluculo Properties (Pty) Ltd v City of Johannesburg and Another; In Re: Diluculo Properties (Pty) Ltd v City of Johannesburg (27206 of 2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1088 (18 October 2022)
510.	Dimension Data Middle East and Africa (Pty) Ltd and Others v Ngcaba (2016/22545) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1213 (6 December 2022)
511.	Dingezweni v MEC Education (536/2016) [2022] ZAECBHC 19 (27 September 2022)
512.	Director of Public Prosecutions, Western Cape v Magistrate at Cape Town, Dr V P Mhlanga NO and Another; Tucker v Director of Public Prosecutions, Western Cape (19434/17; A37/18) [2022] ZAWCHC 136 (16 September 2022)
513.	Discovery Health (Pty) Limited v Road Accident Fund and Another (2022/016179) [2022] ZAGPPHC 642 (26 October 2022)
514.	Discovery Health (Pty) Ltd v Road Accident Fund and Another; In Re: Discovery Health (Pty) Ltd v Road Accident Fund and Another (016179/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 714 (26 June 2023)
515.	Ditiro Tsa Ka Trading 6 CC v Joe Morolong Local Municipality and Another; Joe Morolong Local Municipality v Ditiro Tsa Ka Trading 6 CC N.O. and Another (379/2022) [2023] ZANCHC 49 (24 March 2023)
516.	Ditlhakanyane and Others v S (A 133/2017) [2023] ZAGPJHC 93 (6 February 2023)
517.	Ditsele and Others v Miniser of Police and Another; Hesie v Minister of Police and Another (3131/2019; 805/2019) [2023] ZAFSHC 33 (25 January 2023)
518.	Dladla and Others v eThekwini Municipality (2799/2023) [2023] ZAKZPHC 38 (4 April 2023)
519.	Dlamini v Road Accident Fund (21375/2019) [2022] ZAGPJHC 44 (7 September 2022)
520.	Dlomo v Absa Bank Ltd and Others (5197/ 2021) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1059 (25 November 2022)
521.	Dovepire Properties (Pty) Ltd v Insurance Sector Education and Training Authority (18482/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 248 (12 April 2023)
522.	Down Touch Investments (Pty) Ltd and Another v MEC of Provincial Government of Gauteng Province and Department of Roads and Transport (2096/22) [2022] ZAGPJHC 55 (7 February 2022)
523.	Dsv South Africa (Pty) Ltd t/a Dsv Air And Sea v Phoenix Neomed (Pty) Ltd (2022-011215) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1033 (13 September 2023)
524.	Du Preez and Another v Hantle Infa Planning (Py) Ltd and Others (1214/2021) [2022] ZAECPEHC 9 (24 May 2022)
525.	Du Preez v Minister of Police (2022/8001) [2023] ZAGPJHC 473 (10 May 2023)
526.	Du Randt v Minister of Justice And Correctional Services and Others (2022/349) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1282 (22 April 2022)
527.	Du Toit and Another v Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality NNO and Others (6019/2022) [2023] ZAFSHC 136 (22 August 2023)
528.	Dube v Minister of Police and Others (A031723-2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 940 (21 August 2023)
529.	Dube v Ndlovu and Others (13909/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 42 (25 January 2022)
530.	Dube v South African Legal Practice Council (23500/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 971 (29 August 2023)
531.	Dynamic Sisters Trading (Pty) Limited and Another v Nedbank Ltd (081473/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 952 (21 August 2023)
532.	E B v E R and Others; K G v Minister of Home Affairs and Others (CCT 158/22; CCT 364/21) [2023] ZACC 32 (10 October 2023)
533.	E K v P K and Others (53105/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 65 (9 February 2023)
534.	E NO and Another v Member of the Executive Council for Health of the Gauteng Province (37432/2013) [2023] ZAGPJHC 24 (17 January 2023)
535.	E W v V H and Another (12272/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 27 (17 March 2023)
536.	EC Security CC v Body Corporate of Saffron Gardens (41835/19) [2022] ZAGPPHC 945 (10 May 2022)
537.	ENX v Spilkin (2296/2022) [2022] ZAECPEHC 36 (8 November 2022)
538.	Eamonn Courtney v Izak Johannes Boshoff NO and Others (2019/41681) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1220 (20 December 2022)
539.	East Asiam Consortium B V v MTN Group Ltd and Others (2013/44462) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1170 (30 November 2022)
540.	Eigenbau Proprietary Limited v Umgeni Water and Others (P 12642/2021) [2022] ZAKZPHC 15 (14 June 2022)
541.	Ejalk CC v Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality (5073/2017) [2022] ZAFSHC 101 (3 August 2022)
542.	Ekapa Minerals (Pty) Ltd and Another v Sol Plaatje Local Municipality and Others (680/21) [2022] ZANCHC 45 (2 September 2022)
543.	Ekapa Minerals (Pty) Ltd and Another v Sol Plaatje Local Municipality and Others (680/21) [2022] ZANCHC 79 (2 September 2022)
544.	Ekhurhuleni Municipality v Sibanda (26108/17) [2022] ZAGPJHC 258 (3 May 2022)
545.	Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality v Nkosi and Others (2020/1348) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1085 (7 November 2022)
546.	Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality v Harmse and Others (0014030/2017) [2023] ZAGPJHC 857 (31 July 2023)
547.	Ekurhuleni Municipality N.O. and Another v Cebekhulu Probuild Jv ; In Re: Cebekhulu Probuild Jv v Ekurhuleni Municipality N.O. and Another (37168/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1159 (7 December 2022)
548.	Ekurhuleni Municipality and Another v Cebekhulu Probuild JV; In re: Cebekhulu Probuild JV v Ekurhuleni Municipality and Another (37168/2021) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1171 (7 December 2022)
549.	Electoral Commission of South Africa and Another v Speaker of Umhlathuze and Others (10/2022 EC) [2022] ZAEC 10 (1 December 2022)
550.	Electoral Commission of South Africa v uMkhonto WeSizwe Political Party and Others (CCT 97/24) [2024] ZACC 6 (20 May 2024)
551.	Elgin Brown & Hamer Proprietary Limited v Sheriff and/or Duly Appointed Deputy of High Court Durban Coastal and Others (Court exercising its Admiralty Jurisdiction) (A24/2022) [2022] ZAKZDHC 39 (27 October 2022)
552.	Elite Plumbing and industrial Solutions (Pty) Ltd v Casper Le Roux Inc Attorneys and Another (2022/14821) [2023] ZAGPJHC 181 (6 March 2023)
553.	Emam v Carlson (20740/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 33 (11 April 2023)
554.	Emerald Capital (Pty) Ltd v Ace Auto Salvage CC (Reconsideration ito Rule 6(12)(C)) (2023-077999) [2023] ZAGPJHC 868 (25 August 2023)
555.	Emfuleni Local Municipality and Another v Eskom Holdings Soc Ltd (76183/2019; A318/2021) [2022] ZAGPPHC 615 (14 October 2022)
556.	Emfuleni Resorts (Pty) Ltd and Another v Eastern Cape Gambling Board (1706/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 105 (24 February 2022)
557.	Emira Property Fund Ltd v Mbana (7451/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 351 (27 May 2022)
558.	Emira Property Fund Ltd v Mbana (7451/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 928 (27 May 2022)
559.	Endangered Wildlife Trust and Another v Director General Department of Water and Sanitation and Another (A155/2019) [2023] ZAGPPHC 524 (10 May 2023)
560.	Endangered Wildlife Trust and Another v Director General Department of Water and Sanitation and Another (A155/2019) [2023] ZAGPPHC 552 (10 May 2023)
561.	Endangered Wildlife Trust v Minister of Agriculture Land Reform and Rural Development and Others; S A Hunters and Game Conservation v Minister of Agriculture Land Reform and Rural Development and Others (1138/2022; 94568/2019) [2023] ZAGPPHC 144 (3 March 2023)
562.	Engen Petroleum Ltd v Scheepers and Others (2020/708) [2023] ZAGPJHC 264 (3 April 2023)
563.	Enoch Mgijima Local Municipality and Another v Eskom Holdings Soc Ltd and Others (1222/2021) [2023] ZAECPEHC 11 (14 February 2023)
564.	Enoch Mgijima Local Municipality and Others v Twizza (Pty) Ltd and Others (CA 115/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 48 (26 August 2022)
565.	Enoch Mgijima Municipality v Komani Protest Action (“KPA”) and Others (444/2023) [2023] ZAECGHC 48 (23 May 2023)
566.	Enoch Mgijima Municipality v Minister of Finance and Others (4351/2022) [2022] ZAECPEHC 45 (30 December 2022)
567.	Equal Education v Provincial Minister For Education: Western Cape Province and Others; South African Democratic Teacher’s Union v MEC for Education: Western Cape and Others (12880/2019) [2023] ZAWCHC 92 (17 July 2023)
568.	Ericsson South Africa Proprietary Ltd v City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality N.N.O. and Others (A5048/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1266 (27 October 2022)
569.	Eskom Holdings Soc Ltd v Emfuleni Local Municipality N.O. and Others (41031/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 745 (5 July 2023)
570.	Eskom Holdings Soc Ltd v Emfuleni Local Municipality N.O. and Others (94248/2019) [2023] ZAGPPHC 720 (15 June 2023)
571.	Eskom Holdings Soc Ltd v Matjhabeng Local Municipality and Others (3367 of 2020) [2023] ZAFSHC 54 (17 March 2023)
572.	Eskom Holdings Soc Ltd v Rechavu Trading and Projects (Pty) Ltd; in Re: Rechavu Trading and Projects (Pty) Ltd v Eskom Holdings Soc Ltd (50873/21) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1135 (22 September 2023)
573.	Eskom Holdings Soc Ltd v Silicon Smelters (Pty) Ltd (34000/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 880 (25 July 2023)
574.	Essack and Another v Sun International South Africa (Pty) Ltd and Others (23294/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 325 (24 May 2022)
575.	Ex Parte: Galela and Another (2023-063575; 2023-063923) [2023] ZAGPPHC 939 (18 August 2023)
576.	Ex Parte: Noge (81868/18) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1080 (16 November 2022)
577.	Ex Parte: Vollmer and Others; In Re: Brenner Mills (Pty) Ltd v Taxing Master High Court of South Africa Gauteng Division Pretoria and Another (43767/2020; 6686/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1160 (23 December 2022)
578.	Eze and Others v National Savings and Investments (Pty) Ltd and Another (10670 of 2022) [2022] ZAGPJHC 747 (29 August 2022)
579.	Ezulwini Mining Company (Pty) Ltd v Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy and Others (289/2021) [2023] ZASCA 80 (30 May 2023)
580.	Fair-Trade Independent Tobacco Association NPC and Others v Commissioner of South African Revenue Services and Another; Bozza Tobacco (Pty) Ltd and Others v Commissioner for South African Revenue Services and Others (115176/2023; 115375/2023) [2024] ZAGPPHC 476 (15 May 2024)
581.	Fasquip Trading CC t/a Woodlands Decor v Singh (NCT/221542/2022/(148)(1)) [2022] ZANCT 51 (8 June 2022)
582.	Februarie and Another v Electoral Commission of South Africa and Another (003/2023 EC) [2023] ZAEC 3 (1 August 2023)
583.	Fezi Consultants and Auditors (Pty) Ltd v Centlec (Soc) Ltd and Another (1318/2022) [2023] ZAFSHC 128 (15 August 2023)
584.	Financial Sector Conduct Authority v Municipal Worker's Retirement Fund (A50/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1110 (15 December 2022)
585.	Finbond Mutual Bank Limited v Elphas and Others (LCC136/2020) [2023] ZALCC 27 (25 August 2023)
586.	First National Bank v Mucable (18251/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 793 (2 September 2022)
587.	FirstRand Bank Limited v Leshaba and Others (2021/40814) [2023] ZAGPJHC 534 (22 May 2023)
588.	FirstRand Bank Ltd v Da Silva (32539/2017) [2022] ZAGPJHC 361 (10 June 2022)
589.	FirstRand Bank Ltd v Nel and Another (1242/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 547 (16 August 2022)
590.	Firstrand Bank Limited and Others v Du Plessis and Another (056881/2023) [2023] ZAGPJHC 774 (30 June 2023)
591.	Firstrand Bank Ltd v Badenhorst N.N.O. and Others; In Re: Firstrand Bank Ltd v Badenhorst N.N.O. and Others (2022/5936) [2023] ZAGPJHC 799 (10 July 2023)
592.	Firstrand Ltd and Another v National Bank of Abu Dhabi Pjsc (Pty) Ltd (42160/21) [2023] ZAGPPHC 721 (30 June 2023)
593.	Fisher and Another v Mokondo and Others (2021/55430) [2023] ZAGPJHC 602 (6 June 2023)
594.	Fisher v Etchell and Another (15938/20) [2021] ZAGPJHC 372 (1 December 2021)
595.	Flower Foundation Pretoria Homes for the Aged NPC v Registrar of Deeds, Pretoria and Others (942 of 2020) [2022] ZASCA 8 (20 January 2022)
596.	Fokazi v Member of the Executive Council for Co-Operative Governance and Traditional Affairs- Eastern Cape and Others (2710/2021) [2023] ZAECMHC 34 (4 July 2023)
597.	Forest Deep (Pty) Ltd and Another v Media Development and Diversity Agency and Others (20641/21) [2022] ZAWCHC 149 (19 October 2022)
598.	Former Way Trade and Invest (Pty) Ltd t/a Premier Service Station and Another v Bright Idea Projects 66 (Pty) Ltd t/a All Fuels (1140/2020) [2021] ZASCA 175 (14 December 2021)
599.	Forum De Monitoria Do Orcamento v Chang and Others (40441/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1273 (7 December 2022)
600.	Fourie and Another v Tropical Winter Trading (Pty) Ltd and Another (389/2021P) [2023] ZAKZPHC 55 (22 May 2023)
601.	Foy v Department of Justice and Constitutional Development and Others (J1952/2017) [2023] ZALCJHB 1 (8 September 2023)
602.	Francois v Dyke (12317/2017) [2022] ZAGPJHC 656 (16 September 2022)
603.	Frannero Property Investments 202 (Pty) Ltd v Clement Phuti Selapa and Others (222 of 2020) [2022] ZASCA 61 (29 April 2022)
604.	Franschhoek Claimants Trust v Executive Mayor Stellenbosch Local Municipality and Others (5057/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 53 (12 April 2023)
605.	Fuel Retailers’ Association v Minister of Energy and Others (28818/2014) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1073 (22 September 2023)
606.	Fujitsu Services Core (Pty) Limited v Schenker South Africa (Pty) Limited [2023] ZACC 20 (28 June 2023)
607.	G D v L D (25896/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 728 (31 October 2022)
608.	G R v R R (38304/21) [2023] ZAGPPHC 89 (21 February 2023)
609.	G4S Cash Solutions SA (Pty) Ltd v Zandspruit Cash and Carry (Pty) Ltd and Another (A 5061/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 2 (6 January 2022)
610.	Ga-Segonyana Local Municipality v All Unidentified and Unknown Persons Occupying or Intending to Unlawfully Occupy Erf 3, Kuruman and Others (1773/2021) [2022] ZANCHC 39 (16 September 2022)
611.	Galloptic Trade & Investments 15 (Pty) Ltd v Groenewald and Others (9333 of 2020) [2022] ZAGPJHC 700 (4 October 2022)
612.	Garb v Absa Bank Limited (NCT/23189/2021/141(1)(b)) [2022] ZANCT 19 (6 October 2022)
613.	Gatter v Grand Tech Auto (Pty) Ltd t/a Grand Tech Auto Body and Another (47581/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 493 (8 August 2022)
614.	Gcwabe Consul Ting (Pty) Ltd v South African Poice Service (46817/2015) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1127 (17 August 2022)
615.	Gcweka v Road Accident Fund; Dlanga v Road Accident Fund; Mkhambaphi v Road Accident Fund (5174/2021; 756/2021; 831/2022) [2023] ZAECMHC 45 (23 August 2023)
616.	Gcweka v Road Accident Fund; Mkhambaphi v Road Accident Fund; Dlanga v Minister of Police (5174/2021; 756/2021; 831/2022) [2023] ZAECMHC 48 (23 August 2023)
617.	Genet Mineral Processing (Pty) Ltd v Van Der Merwe N.O and Others (24202/21) [2021] ZAGPJHC 368 (2 December 2021)
618.	Georgiou and Others v Blacktrade (Pty) Ltd t/a Boss Fabrics (1364/2022) [2022] ZAFSHC 58 (2 June 2022)
619.	Gfe-Mir Alloys And Minerals SA (Pty) Ltd v Momoco International Limited (55273/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 960 (24 August 2023)
620.	Glen Life Development Company CC v Monaghan Farm Homeowners Association NPO and Another (007217/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 717 (23 June 2023)
621.	Glen v Villa Medici Body Corporate and Another (2023/031845) [2023] ZAGPJHC 724 (19 July 2023)
622.	Glencore Operations SA (Pty) Ltd and Others v Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service N.O. and Another (15988/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 810 (17 July 2023)
623.	Godlo v Minister of Home Affairs and Others (2021/48282) [2023] ZAGPJHC 820 (28 June 2023)
624.	Goedverwachting Farm (Pty) Ltd v Roux and Others (641/2023) [2024] ZASCA 83 (31 May 2024)
625.	Golden Core Trade and Invest (Pty) Ltd v Merafong City Local Municipality and Another (338/2022) [2023] ZASCA 126 (29 September 2023)
626.	Gopie v Pillay and Others (1622/23P) [2023] ZAKZDHC 64 (31 August 2023)
627.	Gosvenor Finance (Pty) Ltd v Mashara Investment Holdings (Pty) Ltd (32427/20) [2021] ZAGPJHC 442 (20 December 2021)
628.	Governing Body Apostolic Faith Mission, Ngwelezane Assembly v Ndlovu and Others; In Re: Apostolic Faith Mission v Phangwa and Others (4025/2017) [2023] ZAKZDHC 37 (10 August 2023)
629.	Governing Body of Thuthukani Special School and Another v MEC of KwaZulu-Natal Department of Education and Others (2550/2021) [2022] ZAKZPHC 42 (26 August 2022)
630.	Gqithekhaya and Others v Amathole District Municipality (EL 601/2021) [2022] ZAECELLC 14 (5 August 2022)
631.	Gqokoma v MEC Departments of Education and Another (755/2021) [2022] ZAECBHC 16 (27 September 2022)
632.	Graceful Blessings (Pty) Ltd v Zander Burger Properties (Pty) Ltd (A32/2023) [2023] ZAFSHC 170 (27 September 2023)
633.	Graham Robert Herbert NO and Others v Senqu Municipality and Others (742/2020) [2021] ZASCA 177 (17 December 2021)
634.	GreeenHill v Discovery Preservation Pension Fund and Another (28609/20) [2021] ZAGPJHC 174 (25 November 2021)
635.	Green Outdoor Gym (Pty) Ltd and Another v Ogana and Another (2022/4340) [2023] ZAGPJHC 715 (13 June 2023)
636.	Group Five Construction (Pty) Ltd v Constantia Insurance Company and Others (34068/2019) [2023] ZAGPJHC 185 (14 March 2023)
637.	H M v Minister of Police and Another (33703/2021) [2024] ZAGPPHC 481 (7 May 2024)
638.	H S E v H A E (3350/2022) [2023] ZAFSHC 124 (15 August 2023)
639.	H v H (44450/22) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1169 (30 September 2023)
640.	HPROP (Pty) Ltd v Venn and Muller Incorporated (53599/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1093 (9 November 2022)
641.	HRW Islamic Institute NPC v Abdalla and Another (26028/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 275 (29 April 2022)
642.	HT Pelatona Projects (Pty) Ltd v Tswelopele Local Municipality and Others (2214/2022) [2022] ZAFSHC 41 (23 May 2022)
643.	HT Pelatona Projects (Pty) Ltd v Tswelopele Local Municipality and Others (A62/2022) [2022] ZAFSHC 121 (13 October 2022)
644.	HWJ Coal (Pty) Ltd and Another v NI-DA Transport (Pty) Ltd (A164/22) [2023] ZAGPPHC 680 (15 June 2023)
645.	Happy Valley Holiday Hotel and Pleasure Resort 1972 (Pty) Ltd v Nakoseni Property Developers (Pty) Ltd and Others (9066/2020) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1107 (15 September 2023)
646.	Harnwell v Harnwell (CA231/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 57 (4 October 2022)
647.	Harper v Absa Trust Ltd NO and Others (15794/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 145 (14 September 2023)
648.	Harrismith Intabazwe Tsiame Residents and Others v Maluti-A-Phofung Local Municipality Another (567/2022; 824/2022) [2022] ZAFSHC 69 (14 June 2022)
649.	Hartland Lifestyle Estate (Pty) Ltd and Another v APC Marketing (Pty) Ltd and Another (6831/2023) [2023] ZAWCHC 85 (13 June 2023)
650.	Head of Department EC and Others v Absa Bank Limited and Others (2091/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 29 (21 June 2022)
651.	Health Justice Initiative v Minister of Health and Another (10009/22) [2023] ZAGPPHC 917 (17 August 2023)
652.	Health Professions Council of South Africa and Another v Van Der Walt (A243/2021) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1087 (2 December 2022)
653.	Heidema v Professional Conduct Committee for Optometry and Dispensing Opticians of the Health Professions Council of South Africa and Others (87745/2019) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1116 (15 December 2022)
654.	Hennops Sports (Pty) Ltd v Luhan Auto (Pty) Ltd (A52/2022) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1086 (2 December 2022)
655.	Heritage Financial Consultants (Pty) Ltd v Ramborosa and Another (36805/2021) [2021] ZAGPJHC 504 (3 December 2021)
656.	Hetherington and Others v Boat House Langebaan and Another (15777/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 74 (24 May 2023)
657.	Heynike v Van der Westhuizen (35598/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 732 (29 September 2022)
658.	Hlaniki Investment Holdings (Pty) Ltd v City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality (23998/2017) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1498 (13 June 2023)
659.	Hlapi v Minster of Police (914/2021; A3069/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 67 (1 February 2023)
660.	Hlatswayo v Ndlovu and Another (39747/19) [2023] ZAGPJHC 19 (15 January 2023)
661.	Hlophe v Freedom Under Law; In re: Freedom Under Law v Hlophe; Moseneke and Others v Hlophe; In re: Hlophe v Judicial Services Commission (43482/21) [2021] ZAGPJHC 353 (26 November 2021)
662.	Hlophe v Judicial Service Commission and Others (43482/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 276 (5 May 2022)
663.	Hlophe v Judicial Service Commission and Others (43482/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 908 (5 May 2022)
664.	Hocom Properties (Pty) Ltd v MEC and Another: Gauteng Department of Economic Development, Environmental, Agricultural and Rural Development and Another (23729/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 250 (22 April 2022)
665.	Hoosain v Minister of Police (06680/2015) [2023] ZAGPJHC 652 (6 June 2023)
666.	Hot 1027 Fm (Pty) Ltd v Independent Communications Authority of South Africa and Others (23582/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 6 (13 January 2023)
667.	Hull v Free Market Foundation SA and Others (2021/39680) [2023] ZAGPJHC 98 (8 February 2023)
668.	Huma v Kruger and Others (39164/2020) [2022] ZAGPJHC 369 (7 June 2022)
669.	Human Rights Watch and Others v Anglo American SA Ltd and Others (2020/32777) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1148 (25 November 2022)
670.	I F v A K and Others (2023-015928) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1012 (31 August 2023)
671.	I G v J V (30290/21) [2023] ZAGPPHC 910 (8 July 2023)
672.	IPA Foundation (NPC) v South African Pharmacy Council and Others (7452/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 918 (14 August 2023)
673.	Idola (Pty) Ltd, Twin City Reality (Pty) Ltd v City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality and Others (047352/2023) [2023] ZAGPJHC 578 (25 May 2023)
674.	Iginla and Another v Knoop N.O. and Others; Knoop N.O. and Others v Iginla and Others (18553 / 2022) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1193 (14 November 2022)
675.	Ijeoma and Another v University of Fort Hare; In Re: University of Fort Hare v Ijeoma and Another (2174/2021) [2023] ZAECGHC 76 (17 August 2023)
676.	Imalenia and Another v Khwela and Others (48512/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 812 (26 October 2022)
677.	Imonti Chemicals and Hygiene Systems CC and Others v Guest and Another (CA 200/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 63 (18 October 2022)
678.	Independent Development Trust v Bakhi Design Studio CC and Others (033351/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 557 (12 May 2023)
679.	Industrial Development Corporation and Another v Mbala and Others (2023-022235) [2023] ZAGPJHC 404 (2 May 2023)
680.	Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa Limited v Bokone Group of Companies (Pty) Ltd (2022-027186) [2023] ZAGPJHC 727 (24 July 2023)
681.	Ingenuity Property Investments (Pty) Ltd v Ignite Fitness (Pty) Ltd (9845/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 71 (29 May 2023)
682.	Ingrain SA Proprietary Ltd v Olowa N.O. and Others (8555/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 642 (7 June 2023)
683.	Integrity Forensic Solutions CC v Amajuba District Municipality (662/2022) [2023] ZASCA 124 (28 September 2023)
684.	Interwaste Holdings Ltd and Others v Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Commission and Others (34095/21) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1104 (5 July 2023)
685.	Investec Securities (Pty) Ltd v Corwil Investments Holdings (Pty) Ltd and Others (11126/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 445 (20 July 2022)
686.	Inzalo Emterprise Management Systems (Pty)Ltd v Mogale City Local Municipality and Others (2022/002958) [2022] ZAGPJHC 668 (21 September 2022)
687.	Inzalo Enterprise Management Systems (Pty) Ltd v Mogale City Local Municipality and Another (2985/2022) [2022] ZAGPJHC 389 (21 June 2022)
688.	Inzalo Enterprise Management Systems (Pty) Ltd v Mogale City Local Municipality and Others (2958/2022) [2022] ZAGPJHC 789 (12 October 2022)
689.	Isago at N12 Development (Pty) Ltd v PKX Capital (Pty) Ltd; In Re: PKX Capital (Pty) Ltd v Isago at N12 Development (Pty) Ltd (87615/2019) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1088 (9 December 2022)
690.	Iswelethu Cemforce CC v Trustees For The Time Being of the National Education Collaboration Trust and Another (17883/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 946 (21 August 2023)
691.	Izaacs v Government of Republic of South Africa and Others (LCC 2018/206) [2023] ZALCC 28 (4 October 2023)
692.	Izimpondo Ze-Africa Security Services CC and Another v Minister of Police and Another (2023/049713) [2023] ZAGPJHC 851 (1 August 2023)
693.	J B v Minister of Justice and Correctional Services and Others (1349/18) [2023] ZAWCHC 87 (21 February 2023)
694.	J E G v G B G (71040/2019) [2023] ZAGPPHC 718 (30 June 2023)
695.	J M S v M M N; In Re: M M N v J M S (40230/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 739 (21 June 2023)
696.	J M S v M M N; In Re: M M N v J M S (40230/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 740 (21 June 2023)
697.	J M and Another v Minister of Home Affairs and Another (4145/2022) [2022] ZAWCHC 182 (15 December 2022)
698.	J M v S M (5647/2019) [2023] ZAGPPHC 39 (31 January 2023)
699.	J R v T R and Another (21609/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 364 (13 June 2022)
700.	J R v T R and Another (21609/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 918 (13 June 2022)
701.	JCO Construction (Pty) Ltd v City Power (Pty) Ltd and Others (14370 / 2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 95 (28 February 2023)
702.	JM v S (A103/2022) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1248 (25 November 2022)
703.	Jaarsveld v Jaarsveld (A58/2022) [2022] ZAFSHC 140 (17 November 2022)
704.	Jacobs and Others v Bester and Others (LCC 02R/2023) [2023] ZALCC 4 (7 February 2023)
705.	Jaihai v Financial Services Tribunal and Another (3419/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1391 (17 August 2023)
706.	Janeke v City of Tshwane Metropolitan (63060/2018) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1010 (5 September 2023)
707.	Janse van Rensburg v Obiang and Another; Obiang v Janse van Rensburg and Others (21748/2017) [2022] ZAWCHC 141 (26 September 2022)
708.	Janse van Vuren and Others v Van der Merwe (1054/2019; 21511/2018; 23267/2018; 2331869/20) [2023] ZAWCHC 137 (29 August 2023)
709.	Jeewan (aka Mark) v Transnet Soc Limited and Another (6258/15) [2022] ZAGPPHC 650 (21 October 2022)
710.	Jeremy Green NO and Others v Khumalo and Others (LCC 197/2021) [2022] ZALCC 16 (27 May 2022)
711.	Johannesburg Social Housing Company (Pty) Ltd v Mbatha (30321/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1067 (18 September 2023)
712.	Johannesburg Society of Advocates v Kajee (2018/40335) [2023] ZAGPJHC 645 (6 June 2023)
713.	Jolwana Mgidlana INC v Port St Johns Local Municipality (1771 of 2021) [2022] ZAECMHC 24 (2 August 2022)
714.	Joubert N.N.O. and Others v Xacto (Pty) Ltd N.N.O. and Others (547/2021) [2023] ZANCHC 18 (21 April 2023)
715.	Jt International Manufacturing South Africa (Pty) Ltd v Commissioner for South African Revenue Service (29690/14) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1426 (10 October 2023)
716.	Jukskei v Ntshingila (2019/31410; A5069/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 707 (12 June 2023)
717.	K E v K G (2021/44071) [2023] ZAGPJHC 959 (28 August 2023)
718.	K G v Minister of Home Affairs and Others (40023/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 724 (11 May 2022)
719.	K M and Another v MEC for Health Gauteng (47586/2017) [2023] ZAGPPHC 228 (10 April 2023)
720.	K and Another v M (26805/2022) [2022] ZAGPJHC 773 (11 October 2022)
721.	KET Civils CC v Department of Police, Roads and Transport FS and Others (5660/2021) [2022] ZAFSHC 77 (20 June 2022)
722.	KM and Another v S (A61/2020) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1159 (28 November 2022)
723.	KPMG Services (Pty Limited) SA v Maguwada and Others; In Re: Maguwada and Others v KPMG Services (Pty Limited) SA (22014/19) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1132 (28 August 2023)
724.	Kallvest and Others v Harvey and Another (438/2022) [2022] ZAECPEHC 13 (28 June 2022)
725.	Kampi v Minister of Police and Another (37677/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 322 (20 May 2022)
726.	Kamupungu v Road Accidend Fund; Madubela v Road Accident Fund (1792/2021; 1795/2020) [2023] ZAECGHC 24 (24 March 2023)
727.	Kannaland Municipality v Electoral Commission for South Africa and Others (16105/2022) [2022] ZAWCHC 145 (13 October 2022)
728.	Kariki Pipeline and Water Project (Pty) Ltd v Rand Water Board and Another (2017/0027774) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1217 (9 December 2022)
729.	Kave v National Minister of Police and Others (293/2020) [2023] ZAECELLC 49 (6 May 2023)
730.	Kgosi v Kgosi and Others (6134/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 955 (21 August 2023)
731.	Khama v Director of Public Prosecutions Gauteng Local Division Johannesburg and Others (2022/25436) [2023] ZAGPJHC 560 (24 May 2023)
732.	Khoza v Madulammoho Housing Association and Others (2022/9714) [2023] ZAGPJHC 338 (12 April 2023)
733.	Khutso Naketsi Communal Property Association v Khutso Naketsi Agri (Pty) Ltd and Others (61961/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 605 (25 May 2023)
734.	King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality v Zwelitsha (CA78/2022) [2023] ZAECMHC 29 (13 June 2023)
735.	King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality Employess - Access Control Officers v King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality (Mthatha Full Bench Appeal (CA 14/2022) [2022] ZAECMHC 41 (13 December 2022)
736.	Kingdom of Lesotho v Frazer Solar GMBH and Others (2020/33700) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1546 (31 August 2023)
737.	Kolisang v Alegrand General Dealers and Auctioneers t/a Grand Auctions and Another (31301/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 442 (28 June 2022)
738.	Komane v Minister of Police (18144/21) [2023] ZAGPPHC 619 (26 May 2023)
739.	Komatiland Forest SOC Limited v John Wright Veneers (Pty) Ltd and Another (56241/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 82 (23 February 2023)
740.	Komatiland Forest Soc Ltd v John Wright Veneers (Pty) Ltd N.O. and Another (56241/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 640 (28 April 2023)
741.	Komatsu South Africa (Pty) Ltd v Lourens (816/2021) [2023] ZANCHC 8 (2 January 2023)
742.	Korabie v Judicial Commission of Inquiry into Allegations of State Capture, Corruption and Fraud in Public Sector, including Organs of State and Others (9946/2022) [2022] ZAWCHC 138 (20 September 2022)
743.	Kortman and Another v Electoral Commission of South Africa N.N.O. and Others (009/21 EC) [2022] ZAEC 3 (21 February 2022)
744.	Kosmos Ridge Homeowners Association v Maseko N.O. and Others; In Re: Kosmos Ridge Homeowners Association v Madibeng Local Municipality and Others; In Re: Kosmos Ridge Homeowners Association v Madibeng Local Municipality and Others (30085/09) [2023] ZAGPPHC 184 (27 March 2023)
745.	Koyingana and Another v Koyingana and Others (842/2021) [2022] ZANCHC 29 (14 June 2022)
746.	Kraalshoek and Others v Minister of Rural Development and Land Reform and Others (1426/2022) [2022] ZAFSHC 109 (29 August 2022)
747.	Kritzinger v Road Accident Fund (A70/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 958 (21 August 2023)
748.	Kruger v Wawiel Park (Pty) Ltd (4538/2014) [2022] ZAFSHC 170 (23 December 2022)
749.	Kufa v National Research Foundation and Others (6055/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 4 (5 January 2023)
750.	Kul v Minister of Home Affairs (42417/2020) [2022] ZAGPJHC 843 (3 November 2022)
751.	Kunene v Bangaza and Others (1808/2023) [2023] ZAECMHC 36 (4 July 2023)
752.	Kunie v Nedbank Ltd; In Re: Kunie v Nedbank Ltd and Others (31087/2019) [2023] ZAGPPHC 238 (26 April 2023)
753.	Kusasa Refining (Proprietary) Limited v Commissioner for South African Revenue Services (56820/2021) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1197 (20 April 2022)
754.	Kusasa Refining (Proprietary) Ltd v Commissioner For The South African Revenue Services (56820/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 883 (1 August 2023)
755.	Kweyama and Others v Special Investigating Unit and Others (2483/2020) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1141 (10 October 2023)
756.	L E N v P N N (54017/2020) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1064 (30 November 2022)
757.	L G v J G (32377/2012) [2023] ZAGPJHC 450 (28 April 2023)
758.	L M v S M (10856/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 171 (20 March 2023)
759.	L M v T M (5169/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 777 (3 August 2022)
760.	LSM Security (Pty) Ltd and Others v MEC Department of Social Development EC and Another (2300/2022) [2023] ZAECPEHC 8 (24 January 2023)
761.	Labuschagne v Farm To Table Meats (Pty) Ltd and Others (041961/22) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1133 (27 September 2023)
762.	Labuschagne v Minister of State Security and Others (44033/19) [2023] ZAGPPHC 844 (17 July 2023)
763.	Lacrumbs Trading And Projects v Minister of Police and Others (051531) [2023] ZAGPJHC 764 (29 June 2023)
764.	Larkman v Larkman (A3095/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1049 (25 August 2023)
765.	Lebashe Financial Services (Pty) Ltd v Prudential Authority and Others (346/2021) [2022] ZASCA 141 (24 October 2022)
766.	Legal Practice Council (KwaZulu - Natal Provincial Office) v Rajkoomar and Another (5603/19P) [2023] ZAKZPHC 62 (9 June 2023)
767.	Legal Practice Council v Mkize (13204/2022; 13881/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1050 (8 September 2023)
768.	Lehana's Pass Investments CC v Africa Campus Trading 300 (Pty) Ltd and Others (16138/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1131 (17 November 2022)
769.	Lehlehla v Minister of Police (13151/2014) [2022] ZAWCHC 166 (17 November 2022)
770.	Lejamo Construction v Amatola Water Board (5384/2017) [2022] ZAECGHC 14 (10 June 2022)
771.	Lemaku v Simunye and Others (1887/2022) [2022] ZAFSHC 49 (25 May 2022)
772.	Lembore and Others v Minister of Home Affairs and Others (Leave to Appeal) (2023-097076; 2023-097111; 2023-097292; 2023-097427; 2023-100081; 2023-100526) [2024] ZAGPJHC 1726 (21 May 2024)
773.	Leon JJ van Rensburg Attorneys v Matlotlo Tranding (Pty) Ltd and Others (4956/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 508 (15 July 2022)
774.	Lephaila v Minister of Justice and Correctional Service and Another (2022/037664) [2023] ZAGPJHC 709 (12 June 2023)
775.	Lephoi v Ramakarane (4474/2020) [2023] ZAFSHC 101 (7 June 2023)
776.	Lesego Thabang Masilo (Pty) Ltd and Another v Transnet Group Capital and Another (28215/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 809 (18 July 2023)
777.	Letsobana v Africabin Building Systems Proprietary Limited (52790/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 341 (10 May 2022)
778.	Letsobana v Africabin Building Systems Proprietary Limited (52790/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 936 (10 May 2022)
779.	Leuven Metals (Pty) Lt31d v Commissioner for South African Revenue Service (31356/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 679 (19 May 2022)
780.	Leuvennink v South African Civil Aviation Authority and Others (2022/12875) [2023] ZAGPPHC 845 (24 July 2023)
781.	Leyka v Minister of Health and Others (69302/19) [2022] ZAGPPHC 781 (18 July 2022)
782.	Liberty Group Ltd v CFS Solutions (Pty) Ltd and Another (1395/2022) [2023] ZAFSHC 32 (23 January 2023)
783.	Liebenberg v S (145/22) [2023] ZACC 33 (10 October 2023)
784.	Life Rosebank Hospital v Taxing Master of the High Court I.E. Van Reenen (3088/2021) [2022] ZAFSHC 147 (28 November 2022)
785.	Life Wise (Pty) Ltd t/a Eldan Auto Body v Competition Commission of South Africa (197/CAC/Nov21) [2022] ZACAC 9 (8 April 2022)
786.	Lijane v Kekana and Others (21/43942) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1 (3 January 2023)
787.	Limpopo Economic Development Agency v Klopper N.O. and Others (982 of 2020) [2022] ZASCA 73 (25 May 2022)
788.	Lion Ridge Body Corporate v Alexander and Others (17074/2022; 18106/2022; 19220/2022) [2022] ZAGPJHC 666 (21 September 2022)
789.	Lisinfo Trading (Pty) Ltd and Another v Lunem Learning Centre (Pty) Ltd and Others (2023-052134) [2023] ZAGPJHC 747 (26 June 2023)
790.	Litabe v DI Thabeng Wholesale Fuel Supply (Pty) Ltd and Others (434/2022) [2023] ZAFSHC 178 (9 October 2023)
791.	Living Africa One (Pty) Ltd v Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality and Others (A5019/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 902 (11 August 2023)
792.	Living Hands (Pty) Limited NO and Others v Old Mutual Unit Trust Managers Ltd (42728/10) [2022] ZAGPJHC 456 (12 July 2022)
793.	Living Hands (Pty) Ltd N.N.O. and Others v Old Mutual Unit Trust Managers Ltd and Others (42728 of 2010) [2022] ZAGPJHC 698 (12 July 2022)
794.	Loan Company (Pty) Ltd v National Credit Regulator and Another (A235/2021) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1184 (11 November 2022)
795.	Locom Investments (Pty) Ltd and Others v Msunduzi Municipality and Others (5959/21P) [2023] ZAKZPHC 36 (15 March 2023)
796.	Lolafon (Pty) Ltd v Gauteng Provincial Liquor Board and Another (2023-046515) [2023] ZAGPPHC 805 (13 June 2023)
797.	Lombard Insurance Company Ltd v McCrae (9093 of 2013) [2022] ZAGPJHC 751 (13 October 2022)
798.	Lombard obo R L v Health Professions Council of South Africa and Another (83708/2019) [2023] ZAGPPHC 949 (23 August 2023)
799.	Lombard v Eureka Ltd (707/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 30 (23 March 2023)
800.	Long Beach Owners Association v Miles N.O. (624/2020) [2023] ZAECGHC 58 (30 March 2023)
801.	Lord's view Property Owners Association v MEC for theEcomonic Development, Agriculture, Environment and Rural Development Gauteng Province and Others (43464/2020) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1165 (29 November 2022)
802.	Lorraine v Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (A 5046/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 371 (8 June 2022)
803.	Lottostar (Pty) Ltd and Others v Ithuba Holdings (Pty) Ltd and Others (624/22; 630/22) [2023] ZASCA 119 (5 September 2023)
804.	Louw NO obo Oliphant v Road Accident Fund (854/2017) [2022] ZAFSHC 25 (9 May 2022)
805.	Lovedale TVET College v National Education Health and Allied Workers Union and Others (795/2023) [2023] ZAECPEHC 22 (15 March 2023)
806.	Lukhele and Another v Mitchell (LCC 36/2020B) [2022] ZALCC 5 (4 March 2022)
807.	Lukhele v Letsoalo and Another (58803/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 780 (1 August 2022)
808.	Lungisa v ANC (4211/2022) [2022] ZAECGHC 93 (14 December 2022)
809.	Lunyawo v Minister of Police (1624/2019) [2022] ZAECGHC 54 (20 September 2022)
810.	M L v M B; In Re: M L v M B (2017/30005) [2023] ZAGPJHC 893 (8 August 2023)
811.	M M obo M K v MEC for Department of Education Gauteng Province and Others (14625/2020) [2022] ZAGPPHC 625 (13 September 2022)
812.	M M v J M (63162/2020) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1047 (22 November 2022)
813.	M M v K M and Others (8434/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 811 (21 July 2022)
814.	M N v B N (210/2016) [2023] ZAFSHC 108 (13 June 2023)
815.	M Q S v Department of Home Affaiers and Others (2020/28304) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1120 (18 November 2022)
816.	M S v M B (2017/30005) [2023] ZAGPJHC 546 (23 May 2023)
817.	M T Makhubele Enterprises CC and Others v Business Partners Ltd and Others (48567/14) [2023] ZAGPPHC 132 (6 March 2023)
818.	M V v P V (2022-057797) [2023] ZAGPPHC 962 (25 August 2023)
819.	MEC Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, Land, and Environmental Affairs Mpumalanga Province v Kanjani (Pty) Ltd (57611/14) [2022] ZAGPPHC 904 (22 June 2022)
820.	MEC Department of Education EC and Others v Cohcrane and Others (CA 179/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 64 (18 October 2022)
821.	MEC For Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs Kwazulu-Natal and Another v Mtubatuba Local Municipality and Others (2562/2023) [2023] ZAKZDHC 46 (4 September 2023)
822.	MEC For Economic Development Tourism and Environmental Affairs Kwazulu-Natal Province and Another v South African Reserve Bank Prudential Authority and Others (38719/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1078 (29 September 2023)
823.	MEC For Health Eastern Cape Province v Mousomi (367/2017) [2023] ZAECBHC 12 (15 June 2023)
824.	MEC NCPG and Another v Renosterberg and Another (803/2021) [2022] ZANCHC 24 (31 May 2022)
825.	MEC Responsible For Economic Development Gauteng v Vilakazi and Others (2023-032601) [2023] ZAGPPHC 912 (14 August 2023)
826.	MEC for Co-Operative Governance and Traditional Affairs, KwaZulu-Natal and Another v Mtubatuba Local Municpality and Others (D2562/2023) [2023] ZAKZDHC 39 (15 August 2023)
827.	MEC for Department of Public Works v Lugalo and Others (845/2021) [2022] ZAECBHC 21 (14 October 2022)
828.	MEC for Education, KwaZulu-Natal v Singh (1188/2021) [2023] ZASCA 92 (9 June 2023)
829.	MEC for Health For The Province Of Kwazulu-Natal v Dlamini and Others (D6815/19) [2023] ZAKZDHC 40 (15 August 2023)
830.	MEC for Roads and Transport Gauteng Province v Witwatersrand African Taxi Owners Association and Others (51435/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 320 (20 May 2022)
831.	MEC for he Department of Public Works and Infrastructure v Pretorius and Another (CA 9 of 2022) [2022] ZAECMHC 14 (26 July 2022)
832.	MEC v Melanie; Special Investigating Unit v MEC and Another (2017 of 2015) [2022] ZAECMHC 9 (14 June 2022)
833.	MFC Police Road and Transport v Ket Civils CC and Others (1640/2021) [2022] ZAFSHC 20 (5 May 2022)
834.	MGK v Legal Practice Council and Another (1930/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 947 (22 August 2023)
835.	MJ v MP (4303/19) [2022] ZAGPJHC 34 (17 January 2022)
836.	MMK Khumalo Trading & Projects (Pty) Ltd v Maopeng Electrical (Pty) Ltd (2021/38362) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1192 (6 December 2022)
837.	MTN (Pty) Ltd v Madzonga and Others (19139/14) [2023] ZAGPJHC 280 (7 March 2023)
838.	MU Mecanicos Unidos S A S v Registrar of Patents (068030/23) [2023] ZAGPPHC 968 (30 August 2023)
839.	Ma-Africa Hotels (Pty) Ltd v Cape Peninsula University of Technology (20599/21; 4517/22) [2023] ZAWCHC 1 (19 January 2023)
840.	Maamach (Pty) Ltd v Air Traffic Navigation Service Soc Ltd (11114/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 255 (3 May 2022)
841.	Mabele v Mndende and Another (665/2015) [2022] ZAECBHC 4 (29 April 2022)
842.	Mabuyane v President Of The Republic Of South Africa and Others (330/2023) [2023] ZAECBHC 13 (20 June 2023)
843.	Macanda v Road Accident Fund (36/2022) [2023] ZAECBHC 22 (16 August 2023)
844.	Madeleine Properties (Pty) Ltd v City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality and Another (4012/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1350 (7 July 2023)
845.	Madeline Properties (Pty) Ltd v City of Tshawe Metropolitan Municipality and Another (4012/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1267 (7 July 2023)
846.	Madelung and Another v Master of High Court, Cape Town and Others (3430/2022) [2022] ZAWCHC 195 (8 November 2022)
847.	Madikizela v Nkosi and Another (19408/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 300 (13 April 2023)
848.	Madikizela v Public Protector and Others (800/2021; 802/2021; 818/2021) [2023] ZAECBHC 3 (14 February 2023)
849.	Madrasah Taleemuddeen Islamic Institute v Ellaurie and Another (755/2021) [2022] ZASCA 160 (24 November 2022)
850.	Maepa v Minister of Police (63797/20) [2022] ZAGPPHC 914 (6 July 2022)
851.	Mafilika and Others v Elundini Municipality and Another (398/2023) [2023] ZAECGHC 13 (23 February 2023)
852.	Mafube Business Forum and Another v Mafube Local Muncipality and Others (1969/2021) [2022] ZAFSHC 7 (28 April 2022)
853.	Mafube Business Forum and Others v Premier of Free State Province and Others (6435/2022) [2023] ZAFSHC 174 (3 October 2023)
854.	Mafube Local Muncipality v Minister of Water and Sanitation; In re: Minister of Water and Sanitation v Mafube Local Muncipality (4268/2016) [2022] ZAFSHC 17 (12 May 2022)
855.	Magudumana v Director of Public Prosecutions Free State NNO and Others (2484/2023) [2023] ZAFSHC 106 (5 June 2023)
856.	Magudumana v Director of Public Prosecutions Free State NNO and Others (2484/2023) [2023] ZAFSHC 123 (18 July 2023)
857.	Magwabeni v Magwabeni and Others (29566/19) [2023] ZAGPJHC 72 (2 February 2023)
858.	Magwala v Sinthumule and Others (744/2021) [2023] ZASCA 62 (5 May 2023)
859.	Mahapane and Other v Mohakare Local Municipality and Others (4913/2022) [2022] ZAFSHC 154 (6 December 2022)
860.	Mahinga v Minister of Home Affairs and Another (1027/2020) [2021] ZASCA 179 (17 December 2021)
861.	Mahlangu and Another v Van Der Merwe and Others (LCC 142/2019) [2022] ZALCC 4 (3 March 2022)
862.	Mahlangu v Du Plessis ; Du Plessis v Mahlangu and Another (LCC 97/2021) [2022] ZALCC 7 (30 March 2022)
863.	Mahlangu v Nkosi and Others (43615/21) [2023] ZAGPPHC 120 (23 February 2023)
864.	Mahlangu v Unlawful Occupiers of Property more described as 3559, Charletonville Extension 8 Township Registration Division IQ Province of Gauteng and Another (2849/2020) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1351 (17 March 2023)
865.	Makaba Khumalo and Associates CC v Acting Director General Department of Water Affairs (A36/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 803 (17 July 2023)
866.	Makana People’s Centre v Minister of Health and Others [2023] ZACC 15 (9 June 2023)
867.	Makhado Project Management (Pty) Ltd v MEC Department of Infrastructure Development Gauteng Provincial Government and Another (21/58814) [2023] ZAGPJHC 753 (27 June 2023)
868.	Makhubela and Others v Silinda and Others (43599/19) [2022] ZAGPPHC 913 (1 July 2022)
869.	Makinta v Health Professions Council Of South Africa and Others (4414/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 781 (5 July 2023)
870.	Makuapane v Road Accident Fund (9077/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 14 (19 January 2023)
871.	Makwela and Another v Dario Investments t/a Tembisa Superspar (2023-091028) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1144 (10 October 2023)
872.	Malangane Community v Minister of Rural Development and Land Reform and Others (LCC 2012/117) [2022] ZALCC 22 (1 September 2022)
873.	Malao Inc and Others v Minister of Transport and Another (43422/20) [2022] ZAGPPHC 715 (4 May 2022)
874.	Maleke v Gauteng Housing Tribunal NNO and Others (43019/2020) [2023] ZAGPJHC 132 (17 February 2023)
875.	Malgas v Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality and Another (729/2022) [2023] ZAECELLC 37 (12 September 2023)
876.	Malherbe v City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (16143/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 560 (22 August 2022)
877.	Maloka v Liberty Holdings (19942/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 480 (2 August 2022)
878.	Malone v Government of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Another (D5778/2020) [2023] ZAKZDHC 77 (26 January 2023)
879.	Malvern Trading CC v Absa Bank Ltd (2021/50947) [2023] ZAGPPHC 541 (23 May 2023)
880.	Manamela v Maite (2023-055949) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1018 (6 September 2023)
881.	Mandel v South African Civil Aviation Authority N.N.O. and Others (1467 / 2023) [2023] ZAECPEHC 41 (6 June 2023)
882.	Manelis v Manelis (32624/15) [2022] ZAGPJHC 880 (29 June 2022)
883.	Manenzhe Community v Regional Land Claims Commissioner and Others (LCC144/2019; LCC48/2021) [2022] ZALCC 8 (30 March 2022)
884.	Mango Airlines Soc Limited N.O. and Others v Minister of Public Enterprises and Others (010700/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1005 (6 September 2023)
885.	Mangolele and Others v Rhamaphosa and Others (3373/2022) [2022] ZAFSHC 108 (29 August 2022)
886.	Mankhili v Johannesburg Prison (Sun City Prison) and Others (2022/19104) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1097 (27 September 2023)
887.	Mantsopa Local Municipality v Inzalo Enterprise Management Systems (Pty) Ltd (3832/2023) [2023] ZAFSHC 141 (23 August 2023)
888.	Manyifolo v BCMM and Others (702/2021) [2023] ZAECBHC 16 (20 July 2023)
889.	Maphela v Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (834/021) [2023] ZAWCHC 78 (9 June 2023)
890.	Mapholisa N.O. v Phetoe N.O. and Others (163/2021) [2022] ZASCA 168 (30 November 2022)
891.	Maphosa v Minister of Police (10505/18) [2022] ZAGPJHC 471 (26 July 2022)
892.	Marcelle Props 118 CC and Others v Bryan (A 5076 of 2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 628 (7 September 2022)
893.	Mare v Minister of Police and Another (80728/2015) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1017 (16 November 2022)
894.	Mareda and Another v Hlongwa and Others (18676/2023) [2023] ZAGPJHC 388 (17 April 2023)
895.	Maredi v Anderson and Others (LCC 2022/06) [2022] ZALCC 12 (18 May 2022)
896.	Maremane Communal Property Association v Minister of Police and Others (2086/2021) [2022] ZANCHC 30 (15 July 2022)
897.	Marindafontein (Pty) Ltd v Stopforth and Another (2022/033875) [2023] ZAGPJHC 933 (16 August 2023)
898.	Mariola and Another v Deyzel (41339/2018) [2022] ZAGPJHC 660 (19 September 2022)
899.	Marite v Minister of Justice and Correctional Services and Others (21369/2023; B1092/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1015 (5 September 2023)
900.	Maritz v Maritz and Another (5334/2021) [2022] ZAFSHC 169 (20 December 2022)
901.	Maroko v Mnister of Police and Another (21697/19) [2021] ZAGPJHC 31 (2 November 2021)
902.	Maseloa and Another v Nyandu and Others (3835/2022) [2023] ZAFSHC 57 (22 March 2023)
903.	Mashabane v Minister of Defence And Military Veterans and Others (6317/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 780 (6 July 2023)
904.	Mashiloane and Another ; In re: S v Masemola and Others (A121/2022; CC131/2006) [2023] ZAGPPHC 857 (31 July 2023)
905.	Masicebise Business Solutions v MEC and Another (992/2022) [2022] ZANCHC 26 (31 May 2022)
906.	Matemeku Petroleum (Pty) Ltd v Shell Downstream SA (Pty) Ltd and Another (22196/2019) [2022] ZAGPJHC 479 (2 August 2022)
907.	Mathevula and Others v Origin Manufacturers and Distributors t/a Home Hyper City (A 213/19) [2022] ZAGPPHC 685 (19 May 2022)
908.	Mathews v Passanger Rail Agency of South Africa (35083/2019) [2023] ZAGPJHC 884 (4 August 2023)
909.	Mathiso v Minister of Police (6938/19) [2021] ZAGPJHC 377 (3 December 2021)
910.	Mathye v Absa Trust Ltd and Another (42437/2021) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1157 (1 December 2022)
911.	Matinjwa v Minister of Police (566/2016) [2023] ZAECGHC 35 (25 April 2023)
912.	Matlhwana v South African Legal Practice Council and Others (051162/2024) [2024] ZAGPPHC 482 (15 May 2024)
913.	Matone v City of Johannesburg and Another (2022/12127) [2022] ZAGPJHC 790 (7 October 2022)
914.	Matsena v National Research Foundation and Others (51776/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 556 (18 May 2023)
915.	Matsepe and Another v Minister of Finance and Others (10139/2022) [2022] ZAGPPHC 989 (1 November 2022)
916.	Matsi Law Chambers Inc v Mailula and Another (46358/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1042 (7 September 2023)
917.	Matsi Law Chambers Inc v Mailula and Another (46358/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 998 (31 August 2023)
918.	Maughan v Zuma and Others; Downer v Zuma and Another (12770/22P; 13062/22P) [2023] ZAKZPHC 68 (7 June 2023)
919.	Mavudzi and Another v Majola and Others (49039/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1269 (10 August 2022)
920.	Mavundla v Speaker of eThekwini Municipality Municipal Council and Others (13181/2022) [2022] ZAKZDHC 47 (30 December 2022)
921.	Mavuso and Another v Bolleurs and Others (2022/000833) [2022] ZAGPJHC 673 (20 September 2022)
922.	May 62 General Enterprise (Pty) Ltd v City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (037830/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 549 (12 May 2023)
923.	Mayana v Executive Mayor Nelson Mandela and Others (1655/2022) [2022] ZAECPEHC 17 (5 August 2022)
924.	Mayfin (Pty) Ltd v Mthembu and Others (2022/005801) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1191 (6 December 2022)
925.	Mbali Industrial Solutions CC v Eskom Holdings Soc and Another (2021/47032) [2023] ZAGPJHC 128 (7 February 2023)
926.	Mbambi v Tyeks Security Services (4348/2019) [2023] ZAECMHC 38 (4 July 2023)
927.	Mbana v Walter Sisulu University and Others (846/2023) [2023] ZAECMHC 11 (7 March 2023)
928.	Mbatsana v Minister of Police and Others (75961/2019) [2023] ZAGPPHC 216 (28 March 2023)
929.	Mbethe and Others v S (A89/2022; SH14/2015) [2024] ZAGPPHC 483 (16 May 2024)
930.	Mbokane v Radebe and Others (2021/51795) [2023] ZAGPJHC 127 (7 February 2023)
931.	Mbude v Premier/the Eastern Cape and Others (218/2022) [2022] ZAECBHC 3 (3 May 2022)
932.	Mbuyiseni v Media 24 t/a Daily Sun and Others (21/25599) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1062 (19 September 2023)
933.	Mdlalose v Doctor Brendan Lune Medical Practise and Others (A5025/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 657 (7 June 2023)
934.	Mdletshe N.O. and Another v Minister of Police (AR 135/2022) [2023] ZAKZPHC 110 (23 June 2023)
935.	Mdunjana v Road Accident Fund (52582/20) [2022] ZAGPPHC 743 (18 August 2022)
936.	Medal Paints (Pty) Ltd v Raynard (50611/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 43 (16 January 2023)
937.	Medical Information Technology SA (Pty) Ltd and Another v Public Protector and Others (29760/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 40 (30 January 2023)
938.	Mediterranean Shipping Company (Pty) Ltd v Transnet Freight Rail, An Operating Division of Transnet Soc Ltd and Others (7179/2022) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1093 (5 December 2022)
939.	Melane v Deputy Registrar: Governance and Legal Services of Fort Hare University and Others (264/2022) [2023] ZAECBHC 19 (8 August 2023)
940.	Melrose Arch Investment Holdings (Pty) Ltd v Ngiele and Others (23781 of 2019) [2022] ZAGPJHC 762 (11 October 2022)
941.	Member of Executive Council Responsible for Local Government, Western Cape Mazikama Local Municipality and Others (747/2021) [2022] ZASCA 167 (30 November 2022)
942.	Member of Executive Council for Department of Public Works v Mathew and Others (1290 of 2020) [2022] ZAECMHC 26 (23 August 2022)
943.	Member of Executive Council for Health, Eastern Cape Province v Y N obo E N (056/2021) [2023] ZASCA 32 (30 March 2023)
944.	Member of Executive Council of Department of Human Settlements Free State Province v CEM Brick CC and Others (4973/2013) [2023] ZAFSHC 175 (2 October 2023)
945.	Member of the Executive Committee: Health-Limpopo Province Government v Health Professions Council of South Africa N.O. and Another (B2150/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 639 (2 June 2023)
946.	Member of the Executive Council For Health Eastern Cape v Diko (CA1/2023) [2023] ZAECBHC 29 (15 September 2023)
947.	Member of the Executive Council For Health Gauteng Province v Solomons; In Re: Vulangengqele obo M V v Member of the Executive Council For Health Gauteng Province (2022/A5070) [2023] ZAGPJHC 755 (27 June 2023)
948.	Member/Executive Committee Department/Education and Another v Despatch Preparatory School (496/2020) [2022] ZAECBHC 14 (16 August 2022)
949.	Mene v Minister of Police (5640/2014) [2023] ZAECMHC 49 (5 September 2023)
950.	Mercantile Bank Ltd v Roos and Another (19791/2020) [2023] ZAGPJHC 435 (8 May 2023)
951.	Mercedes-Benz Finance and Insurance v Thobejane (16432/2019) [2023] ZAGPPHC 121 (3 March 2023)
952.	Mercedes-Benz Finance and Insurance v Thobejane (16432/2019) [2023] ZAGPPHC 634 (26 May 2023)
953.	Merchant Commercial Finance 1 (Pty) Ltd t/a Merchant Factors v Achiar N.N.O. and Others (11610/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 70 (25 May 2023)
954.	Mertz v Road Accident Fund (A96/2021) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1094 (2 December 2022)
955.	Metropol Consulting (Pty) Ltd v City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality and Another (21725 of 2018) [2022] ZAGPJHC 840 (3 November 2022)
956.	Meyers N.N.O. and Others v Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality and Another (2923/2021) [2023] ZAECPEHC 61 (7 September 2023)
957.	Mfolozi Community Environmental Justice Organisation and Others v Minister of Minerals and Energy and Others (82865/18) [2022] ZAGPPHC 718 (4 May 2022)
958.	Mfundisi v EC Provincial Council of SA Legal Practice Council (3630/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 72 (20 October 2022)
959.	Mfuniselwa v Mfuniselwa and Others (2818/2022) [2022] ZAECPEHC 39 (13 December 2022)
960.	Mgudlwa v Minister of Police and Another (EL 444/2020) [2022] ZAECELLC 19 (8 September 2022)
961.	Mhlaba v Registrar of Deeds Pietermaritzburg and Others (LCC 116/2021) [2021] ZALCC 14 (1 December 2021)
962.	Michelin Tyre Company South Africa (Pty) Ltd v Morgan and Another (26379/2023) [2023] ZAGPJHC 410 (2 May 2023)
963.	Midnight Feast Properties 11 (Pty) Ltd and Another v City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality and Others (26799/2022) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1161 (29 November 2022)
964.	Mikakor CC N.O. and Others v Lexhell 824 Investments (Pty) Ltd; In Re: Lexhell 824 Investments (Pty) Ltd v Mikakor CC N.O. and Others (77678/2019) [2023] ZAGPPHC 170 (20 March 2023)
965.	Milazi and Another v South African Legal Practice Council and Another (45162/2019) [2024] ZAGPPHC 485 (17 May 2024)
966.	Minister Of Health Director-General National Department Of Health v Solidarity Trade Union and Others; In Re: Solidarity Trade Union v Minister of Health and Others (61844/21) [2023] ZAGPPHC 666 (14 June 2023)
967.	Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs and Another v British American Tobacco South Africa (Pty) Ltd and Others (309 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 89 (14 June 2022)
968.	Minister of Health and Another v Alliance of Natural Health Products (South Africa) (256 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 49 (11 April 2022)
969.	Minister of Health and Another v Solidarity Trade Union and Others; In Re: Solidarity Trade Union and Others v Minister of Health and Others (61844/2021) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1050 (15 November 2022)
970.	Minister of Home Affairs and Another v Mafadi and Another (27878/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 586 (1 August 2022)
971.	Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development and Others v Pennington and Another (162/2022) [2023] ZASCA 51 (14 April 2023)
972.	Minister of Justice v Pierides (38530/2016) [2022] ZAGPPHC 991 (28 October 2022)
973.	Minister of Police and Another v Hoogendoorn (A 392/17) [2022] ZAGPPHC 697 (16 May 2022)
974.	Minister of Police and Another v Miya (29972/2019) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1026 (11 November 2022)
975.	Minister of Police and Another v Miya [2022] ZAGPPHC 1025 (11 November 2022)
976.	Minister of Police and Another v Verster (A166/2022) [2023] ZAFSHC 121 (10 July 2023)
977.	Minister of Police and Others v Umbhaba Estates (Pty) Ltd and Others (1281/2021) [2023] ZASCA 85 (1 June 2023)
978.	Minister of Police v Chauke (59344/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 926 (23 August 2023)
979.	Minister of Police v Cobalt Communications CC t/a Top-Notch and Another (427/22) [2023] ZAECPEHC 45 (15 June 2023)
980.	Minister of Police v Dunjana and Others (CA 117/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 73 (25 October 2022)
981.	Minister of Police v Heleni (CA 4/2022) [2023] ZAECGHC 43 (11 May 2023)
982.	Minister of Police v Kekana (A3074/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 847 (27 July 2023)
983.	Minister of Police v Marula (CA 89/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 95 (29 November 2022)
984.	Minister of Police v Nobumba N.O. and Another (1585/2022) [2023] ZAECPEHC 7 (2 March 2023)
985.	Minister of Police v Sabisa and Another (2889/2016) [2023] ZAECMHC 39 (11 July 2023)
986.	Minister of Police v Syce and Another (CA 117/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 74 (4 October 2022)
987.	Minister of Public Works and Infrastructure and Others v NMPS Construction CC and Others (84/2022) [2023] ZAECBHC 10 (30 May 2023)
988.	Minister of Social Development v SA Childcare (Pty) Ltd and Others; MEC, Social Development Eastern Cape and Others v SA Childcare (Pty) Ltd and Others (71 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 119 (29 August 2022)
989.	Minister of State Security v Makwakwa and Others (64148/2021) [2022] ZAGPPHC 605 (5 October 2022)
990.	Minister: National Department of Public Works and Infrastructure v HBC Construction (Pty) Ltd and Others (CA213/2021) [2023] ZAECGHC 95 (3 August 2023)
991.	Mintails SA (Pty) Ltd v Mintails Mining SA (Pty) Ltd N.N.O. and Others (39004/21) [2021] ZAGPJHC 401 (10 December 2021)
992.	Mjayeli Security (Pty) Ltd and Another v South African Broadcasting Corporation Soc Ltd (“Sabc”) and Others (47916/2017) [2023] ZAFSHC 197 (10 October 2023)
993.	Mkansi v Legal Practitioners Indemnity Insurance Fund (61050/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1177 (8 December 2022)
994.	Mkhehle v Station Commander, Central Police Station and Others (1669/2022) [2022] ZAECMHC 46 (1 December 2022)
995.	Mkhize v Mkhize and Others (117657/22) [2022] ZAGPJHC 402 (28 March 2022)
996.	Mlombo v Minister of Police (190/2022) [2023] ZAECBHC 31 (8 August 2023)
997.	Mlonzi and Another v Eskom Holdings Soc Limited and Another (IR1360CT22) [2023] ZACT 25 (2 August 2023)
998.	Mlotshwa v Minister of Police and Another (34336/16) [2023] ZAGPPHC 892 (10 August 2023)
999.	Mncube v Toyota Financial Services South Africa Ltd (49008/2021) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1018 (16 November 2022)
1000.	Mncwati and Others v King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality (5448/2021) [2023] ZAECMHC 44 (22 August 2023)
1001.	Mnisi v De Beer and Others (31823/21) [2021] ZAGPJHC 424 (15 December 2021)
1002.	Moagi and Others v Department of Education and Training and Another (60177/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 235 (19 April 2023)
1003.	Modise v Master of the High Court of SA and Others (42772/19) [2021] ZAGPJHC 42 (4 November 2021)
1004.	Modise v Master of the High Court of SA and Others (42772/19) [2022] ZAGPJHC 576 (26 August 2022)
1005.	Mofokeng v Minister of Police (A2023-009958) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1057 (15 September 2023)
1006.	Mogaladi v Tshwane Economic Development Agency Soc Ltd ("TEDA") and Others (54864/20) [2022] ZAGPPHC 791 (14 July 2022)
1007.	Mogale City Local Municipality and Another v Gelita SA (Pty) Ltd (2021/18762) [2023] ZAGPJHC 45 (16 January 2023)
1008.	Mogale City Local Municipality and Another v Inzalo Enterprise Management Systems (Pty) Ltd (2022/002958) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1216 (8 December 2022)
1009.	Mohalalelo v John Tsietsi Aphiri t/a Aphiri Attorneys (67331/18) [2022] ZAGPPHC 773 (27 July 2022)
1010.	Mohun and Another v Phillips N.O. and Others (1219/2021) [2022] ZASCA 186 (22 December 2022)
1011.	Mokgata and Others v Minister of the Department of the Defence and Military Veterans and Others (58708/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 168 (13 March 2023)
1012.	Mokheseng v Minister of Defence and Military Veterans and Others (11458/2021) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1046 (23 November 2022)
1013.	Mokoro Holding Company (Pty) Ltd and Others v COG Oil Proprietary (Pty) Ltd and Others (26535/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1280 (25 November 2022)
1014.	Moladora Trust v Mereki and Others (LCC70/2022) [2022] ZALCC 26 (11 November 2022)
1015.	Molatudi v S (A 308/14) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1039 (19 August 2022)
1016.	Molefe and Others v Executor: Estate Molefe and Others (4884/2021) [2022] ZAFSHC 105 (25 August 2022)
1017.	Molefe v Nedcor Bank Ltd and Others (99/754) [2023] ZAGPJHC 18 (12 January 2023)
1018.	Mombeeg (Pty) Limited v Eskom Rotek Industries Soc Limited (2021/15418) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1229 (15 December 2022)
1019.	Momoco International Limited v Gfe-Mir Alloys And Minerals Sa (Pty) Ltd (55273/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 781 (2 June 2023)
1020.	Mondocclox Pty (Ltd) v Branch and Another (3581/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 102 (15 December 2022)
1021.	Mongale and Others v Shaung and Others (28224/2020) [2022] ZAGPJHC 556 (2 August 2022)
1022.	Montle and Neo Transport Services and Another v Engen Petroleum Ltd and Another (20420/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 126 (18 August 2023)
1023.	Montsioa and Others v eJoburg Retirement Fund and Others (43479 of 2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 761 (11 October 2022)
1024.	Moos v Makgoba (A 238/19) [2022] ZAGPPHC 863 (25 May 2022)
1025.	Moredubi and Others v Barker and Others (21392/20) [2022] ZAGPPHC 899 (22 June 2022)
1026.	Moropana v City of Johannesburg and Others (2335/2018) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1101 (16 November 2022)
1027.	Moshoeshoe v Master of High Court N.N.O. and Others (003981/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1134 (5 October 2023)
1028.	Mostert v Bands and Another (2328/1993) [2022] ZAGPJHC 561 (22 August 2022)
1029.	Mostert v Bands and Another (2328/93) [2022] ZAGPJHC 851 (22 August 2022)
1030.	Mothabane v Scaw Metal Group (10325/17) [2024] ZAGPPHC 487 (21 May 2024)
1031.	Mothloung v Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (32030/13) [2022] ZAGPJHC 29 (10 February 2022)
1032.	Motikeng v Moni and Another (8853/21) [2022] ZAWCHC 183 (15 December 2022)
1033.	Motloung and Another v Minister of Finance and Others (5492/2021) [2022] ZAFSHC 152 (21 November 2022)
1034.	Motloung and Another v Minister of Police and Another (6107/16) [2023] ZAGPJHC 916 (16 August 2023)
1035.	Motsima and Another v Free State and Another (3253/2021) [2022] ZAFSHC 80 (30 June 2022)
1036.	Motsoeneng v SABC SOC Ltd (29163/17) [2022] ZAGPJHC 868 (15 July 2022)
1037.	Mouton and Others v 8 Mile Investments 503(Pty)Ltd and Another (21545/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 995 (1 September 2023)
1038.	Moyo v Minister of Justice and Correctional Services and Others (13908/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 897 (13 June 2022)
1039.	Moyo v Old Mutual Limited and Others (22791/19) [2022] ZAGPJHC 310 (16 May 2022)
1040.	Mpembe and Another v Minister of Police and Others (2226/2022) [2024] ZANWHC 120 (23 May 2024)
1041.	Mphahlele v Scheepers NO and Another (23465/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 849 (27 July 2023)
1042.	Mpofana Community Land Claimants (aka Amangwe 2) and Another v Regional Land Claims Commisioner and Others (LCC 164/2021; LCC 164/2021C) [2023] ZALCC 29 (9 October 2023)
1043.	Mpofana Community Land Claimants (aka Amangwe 2) and Another v Regional Land Claims Commissioner KwaZulu-Natal Province and Others (LCC 164/2021B) [2023] ZALCC 30 (21 July 2023)
1044.	Mr W v Mrs B (2020/19107) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1286 (23 May 2022)
1045.	Mr W v Mrs B (2020/19107) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1347 (23 May 2023)
1046.	Msibi v Occupiers of Unit 67 Cedar Creek and Another (55038/2021) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1020 (18 November 2022)
1047.	Msibi v Occupiers of Unit [...] and Another (55038/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1072 (22 September 2023)
1048.	Msimango v Minister of Police (2379/2019) [2023] ZAECMHC 51 (19 September 2023)
1049.	Msimango v Peters (A 3026/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 390 (21 June 2022)
1050.	Mthembu v Minister of Police and Another (45040/18) [2021] ZAGPJHC 494 (22 December 2021)
1051.	Mtolo v Minister of Police (10144/2015) [2023] ZAKZPHC 88 (23 August 2023)
1052.	Mudau v Municpal Employees' Pension Fund and Others [2023] ZACC 26 (2 August 2023)
1053.	Muduviwa and Others v Minister of Home Affairs and Another (18971/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 793 (14 July 2023)
1054.	Mukombachoto v Rossiter and Others; In re: Mukombachoto v Rossiter and Another (27279/19) [2022] ZAGPPHC 895 (22 June 2022)
1055.	Muller v De Waal and Another (15448/17) [2023] ZAWCHC 96 (24 March 2023)
1056.	Municipal Employees’ Pension Fund and Others v Financial Sector Conduct Authority N.N.O. and Others (007529/22) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1091 (29 September 2023)
1057.	Municipal Manager: City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality and Others v San Ridge Heights Rental Property (Pty) Ltd (517/2022) [2023] ZASCA 109 (11 July 2023)
1058.	Municipality v Eskom Holdings Soc Ltd and Others (35921/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 940 (6 July 2022)
1059.	Municipality v Eskom Holdings Soc Ltd and Others (35921/2020) [2022] ZAGPJHC 435 (6 July 2022)
1060.	Munyai and Another v Director General of Home Affairs and Another (2022-007052) [2023] ZAGPPHC 234 (6 April 2023)
1061.	Muriel v Minister of Home Affairs and Another (2021/31483) [2023] ZAGPJHC 622 (2 June 2023)
1062.	Murray N.N.O. and Others v Ntombela and Others; In re: Ntombela and Another v Muray N.N.O. and Others (3807/2020) [2022] ZAFSHC 73 (24 June 2022)
1063.	Mushore v Minister of Home Affairs and Another (2694/22) [2022] ZAWCHC 186 (2 November 2022)
1064.	Muvhali v Lukhele and Others (34140/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 368 (13 June 2022)
1065.	Muvhali v Lukhele and Others (34140/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 446 (18 July 2022)
1066.	My Pride Smile Africa (Pty) Ltd and Another v Umzimvubu Local Municipality (2313/2022) [2023] ZAECPEHC 30 (6 April 2023)
1067.	Mzansi Fire and Security (Pty) Ltd v Durban University of Technology and Others (D 1464/2020) [2022] ZAKZDHC 20 (3 March 2022)
1068.	Mzendana v Magistrate & Another (307/2020) [2022] ZAECGHC 79 (8 November 2022)
1069.	N K and Another v B B (30472/21) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1070 (15 August 2023)
1070.	N N and Another v Minister of Home Affairs and Another (EL1252/2020) [2022] ZAECELLC 33 (20 September 2022)
1071.	NDPP v Dhurgasamy (18/36715) [2023] ZAGPJHC 830 (26 July 2023)
1072.	NDPP v Kwetana (4034/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 20 (10 June 2022)
1073.	NMBM and Others v Qaba and Another (862/2022) [2022] ZAECPEHC 7 (5 April 2022)
1074.	NMBMM v Erastyle (Pty) Ltd and Others (398/2016) [2022] ZAECPEHC 1 (26 April 2022)
1075.	Naidoo v Minister of Police (20412/2016) [2023] ZAGPJHC 812 (4 July 2023)
1076.	Naidoo v Naidoo (A 5050/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 544 (16 August 2022)
1077.	Najjemba v Minister of Home Affairs and Another (18762/2021) [2022] ZAWCHC 147 (13 October 2022)
1078.	Nakeli and Others v Sello and Another (2023-091850) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1074 (22 September 2023)
1079.	National African Federated Chambers of Commerce and Industry Free State Province v Master of High Court and Others; National African Federated Chambers of Commerce and Industry, Free State Province and Others v Master of High Court, Pretoria and Others (12167/16; 74936/19) [2022] ZAGPPHC 893 (17 June 2022)
1080.	National African Federation Chamber of Commerce and Industry and Another v Macingwane (25906/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 332 (19 April 2022)
1081.	National Brands Ltd v Continental Biscuit Manufacturers (Pty) Ltd (43416/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 731 (30 June 2023)
1082.	National Consumer Commission v Nu Menu (Pty) Ltd t/a Nu Menu Solutions (NCT/225188/2022/73(2)(b)) [2022] ZANCT 33 (19 July 2022)
1083.	National Consumer Commission v Unicity Trading (Pty) Ltd t/a Cape SUV (NCT/240235/2022/73(2)(b)) [2023] ZANCT 17 (30 May 2023)
1084.	National Council of and for Persons with Disabilities and Another v Minister of Transport and Others (2022/039100) [2023] ZAGPPHC 568 (18 May 2023)
1085.	National Credit Regulator v Loans at Smart Cash Bizana (Pty) Ltd (NCT/223348/2022/140(1)) [2022] ZANCT 47 (13 June 2022)
1086.	National Credit Regulator v Munsamy (NCT/140432/2019/57(1)) [2023] ZANCT 5 (6 February 2023)
1087.	National Credit Regulator v National Consumer Tribunal and Another ; National Credit Regulator v National Consumer Tribunal and Another; In re: Volkswagen Financial Services SA (Pty) Ltd v National Consumer Tribunal and Another (A104/2019; A288/2021; A289/2021) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1181 (20 January 2022)
1088.	National Credit Regulator v WQ Prime Cash Loans & Trading (Pty) Ltd (NCT/214099/2021/57(1)) [2022] ZANCT 57 (27 May 2022)
1089.	National Department of Public Works v Roux Property Fund (Pty) Limited and Another (52530/2011) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1167 (19 December 2022)
1090.	National Director of Public Prosecutions v Abbu and Others (D8053/2019) [2022] ZAKZDHC 38 (31 October 2022)
1091.	National Director of Public Prosecutions v Hausiku (2330/2021) [2023] ZANCHC 12 (10 February 2023)
1092.	National Director of Public Prosecutions v Samuel and Others (9863/2016) [2023] ZAKZDHC 29 (30 June 2023)
1093.	National Director of Public Prosecutions v Tshamase and Others (1903/2022) [2023] ZAECPEHC 48 (8 August 2023)
1094.	National Director of Public Prosecutions v Western Breeze Trading 434 (Pty) Ltd and Another (D 10619/2021) [2023] ZAKZDHC 47 (6 September 2023)
1095.	National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa and Others v SCAW South Africa (Pty) Ltd (36203/20) [2023] ZAGPJHC 484 (15 May 2023)
1096.	National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa v Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration and Others [2021] ZACC 47 (10 December 2021)
1097.	Naude v Breda N.N.O. and Others (46807 of 2011) [2022] ZAGPPHC 974 (7 November 2022)
1098.	Ncala v Park Avenue Body Corporate (A3029/2019) [2023] ZAGPJHC 390 (28 April 2023)
1099.	Ncelekazi v Master of the High Court Mthatha N.O. and Others (1481/2020) [2023] ZAECMHC 50 (14 September 2023)
1100.	Ncitha v Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (EL 107/2022) [2022] ZAECELLC 16 (25 August 2022)
1101.	Ncube and Another v Health and Hygiene (Pty) Ltd (2022--005166) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1230 (15 December 2022)
1102.	Ncube v Minister of Police and Another (35306/2016) [2023] ZAGPJHC 515 (18 May 2023)
1103.	Ndala v Baloyi and Another (5834/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 165 (9 March 2023)
1104.	Ndebele and Another v Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa (21687/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 736 (25 July 2023)
1105.	Ndiyalwa v Minister of Police (EL1605/21) [2023] ZAECELLC 22 (18 July 2023)
1106.	Ndjibu and Others v Member of the Executive Council for Health Eastern Cape Province and Others (331/2023) [2023] ZAECBHC 36 (10 October 2023)
1107.	Ndlambe v Quality Filtrations Systems (3574/2022) [2022] ZAECGHC 76 (25 October 2022)
1108.	Ndlambe v Quality filtrations systems (3574/2022) [2022] ZAECGHC 71 (25 October 2022)
1109.	Ndllovu and Another v Minister of Home Affairs and Another (EL1252/2020) [2022] ZAECELLC 20 (20 September 2022)
1110.	Ndou v Beagle Watch Armed Response (Rf) (Pty) Ltd (A96/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1130 (3 October 2023)
1111.	Nedbank Limited v Houtbosplaas (Pty) Ltd and Another (164 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 69 (19 May 2022)
1112.	Nedbank Ltd v Mabaso and Another (17887 of 2019) [2022] ZAGPJHC 757 (14 October 2022)
1113.	Nedbank Ltd v Malaka (38015/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 157 (1 March 2023)
1114.	Nedbank Ltd v Uys and Another (52341/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 677 (8 June 2023)
1115.	Nelson Mandela Bay Business Chambers and Another v National Energy Regulator and Others (63393/2021) [2022] ZAGPPHC 609 (20 October 2022)
1116.	Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan v Afrisec Strategic Solutions (Pty) Ltd (3712/2016) [2022] ZAECPEHC 28 (27 September 2022)
1117.	Nelson v Nelson (2283/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 9 (17 May 2022)
1118.	Nelson v Potgieter and Others (2504/2020) [2023] ZAECGHC 70 (8 August 2023)
1119.	Nemangwela v Road Accident Fund (437/2022) [2023] ZASCA 90 (8 June 2023)
1120.	Newlands Sporting FC and Others v Durban Central Local Football Association (D1198/2022) [2023] ZAKZDHC 13 (24 March 2023)
1121.	Nezamparat v Magistrate Edenvale and Others (36526/2015) [2022] ZAGPJHC 557 (1 August 2022)
1122.	Ngandlela And Others v KSD Municipality and Others (1536/2022) [2022] ZAECMHC 43 (13 December 2022)
1123.	Ngcama v Minister of Police and Another (2555/2011) [2023] ZAECMHC 41 (1 August 2023)
1124.	Ngcangula v Mhlontlo Local Municipality and Others; In Re: Nqekeho and Mhlontlo Local Municipality and Others (1343 of 2021; 1466 of 2021) [2022] ZAECMHC 20 (16 August 2022)
1125.	Ngcobo v eThekwini Municipality and Another (KZN/DBN/RC 2614/2018) [2023] ZAKZNRD 4 (24 April 2023)
1126.	Ngobeni v Minister of Police (16923/2018) [2023] ZAGPJHC 663 (6 June 2023)
1127.	Ngono v Minister of Safety and Security (1201/2016) [2022] ZAECMHC 30 (27 September 2022)
1128.	Ngqonga and Others v Nkonki (CA 27 of 2021) [2022] ZAECMHC 12 (13 June 2022)
1129.	Ngwazi v Minister of Police (7990/2016) [2022] ZAKZDHC 45 (2 December 2022)
1130.	Nieman v Master of the High Court and Others (UM228/2022) [2022] ZANWHC 9 (28 November 2022)
1131.	Nissan Finance A Product of Wesbank of Firstrand Bank Ltd v Gush Holdings and Enterprises (Pty) Ltd and Another (2022/9914) [2023] ZAGPJHC 238 (5 April 2023)
1132.	Nkgau v Road Accident Fund (23282/2016) [2022] ZAGPJHC 614 (17 August 2022)
1133.	Nkomondo v Mutwanamba and Another (2022/4174) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1134 (17 November 2022)
1134.	Nkosi and Others v City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality and Others (37231/17) [2021] ZAGPJHC 419 (10 December 2021)
1135.	Nodangala and Others v Bradolf and Others (1494/2020) [2022] ZAECGHC 97 (13 December 2022)
1136.	Nompetsheni v Minister of Police and Others (2094/2021) [2023] ZAECMHC 40 (18 July 2023)
1137.	Nongoma Local Municipality and Others v MEC For Cooperative Governance and Others (846/2023P) [2023] ZAKZPHC 74 (3 July 2023)
1138.	Nonkonyana v MEC for Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs and Another (452/2020) [2022] ZAECBHC 23 (27 October 2022)
1139.	Nooe v Minister of Police and Another (2021/7425) [2022] ZAGPJHC 787 (27 September 2022)
1140.	Nooe v Minister of Police and Another [2022] ZAGPJHC 786 (27 September 2022)
1141.	Nortje v Road Accident Fund and Others (D 11635/2015) [2022] ZAKZDHC 24 (4 February 2022)
1142.	Nqaba Guarantee SPV (Pty) Ltd and Another v Khayelihle Trust and Another (47603/2017) [2023] ZAGPPHC 711 (29 June 2023)
1143.	Nqibisa v City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality and Another (2018/14594) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1060 (11 August 2023)
1144.	Nquru v National Director of Public Prosecutions and Others (153/2021) [2022] ZAFSHC 157 (2 December 2022)
1145.	Nsp Unsgaard (Pty) Ltd v Master of the High Court Cape Town and Another (1137 /2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 138 (28 August 2023)
1146.	Ntantiso v Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality and Another; Maqhashu v Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality and Another (869/2023; 895/2023) [2023] ZAECELLC 28 (1 August 2023)
1147.	Ntiyiso Consulting CC v Maluti-A-Phofung Local Municipality (1215/2019) [2022] ZAFSHC 117 (22 August 2022)
1148.	Nwadinobi and Others v Citiq Residential (Pty) Ltd (37758/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 895 (20 June 2022)
1149.	Nwadinobi and Others v Citiq Residential (Pty) Ltd (37758/2020) [2022] ZAGPJHC 391 (20 June 2022)
1150.	N’Wandlamhari Communal Property Association and Another v Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (LCC89/2019; LCC89/2019B) [2022] ZALCC 13 (18 May 2022)
1151.	N’Wandlamhari Communal Property Association and Another v Mathebula and Others (LCC 89/2019) [2023] ZALCC 23 (10 August 2023)
1152.	O M v M C (2022/031103) [2023] ZAGPJHC 203 (3 March 2023)
1153.	O S v S S (D 7960/2019) [2022] ZAKZDHC 48 (18 February 2022)
1154.	Oaker and Others v Kriel ; Rockland Group Holdings (Pty) Ltd v Kriel NNO and Others (118/2021; 185/2022) [2023] ZASCA 68 (17 May 2023)
1155.	Oasis Water (Pty) Ltd and Another v Van Berg Water (Pty) Ltd t/a Oasis Water Lynnwood and Others (026088/23) [2023] ZAGPPHC 564 (16 May 2023)
1156.	Occupiers of Industry House 5 Davies Street v City of Johannesburg and Others (2022/8750) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1152 (25 November 2022)
1157.	Odendaal and Another v MEC for Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs EC and Others (3752/2022) [2023] ZAECPEHC 44 (15 June 2023)
1158.	Old Mutual Unit Trust Managers Limited v Living Hands (Pty) Ltd and Others (18/2023) [2024] ZASCA 75 (16 May 2024)
1159.	Oliphant v Thembelihle Local Municipality and Another (1695/2022) [2022] ZANCHC 51 (21 September 2022)
1160.	Oliver NO v MEC for Health : Western Cape Provincial Department of Heath and Another (18312/2014) [2022] ZAWCHC 154 (27 October 2022)
1161.	On Farm Holdings (Pty) Ld v Van den Heever NO and Others (Absolution) (864/2020) [2024] ZAECGHC 48 (21 May 2024)
1162.	Open Heaven Community Radio v Independent Communications Authority of South Africa N.O. and Others (38665/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 915 (19 July 2023)
1163.	Optimum Coal Terminal (Pty) Limited and Another v Richards Bay Coal Terminal (Pty) Limited and Others (D531/2023) [2023] ZAKZDHC 10 (1 March 2023)
1164.	Optimum Coal Terminal (Pty) Ltd and Others v Richards Bay Coal Terminal (Pty) Ltd and Others (D531/2023) [2023] ZAKZDHC 22 (31 May 2023)
1165.	Oraclemed Health (Proprietary) Ltd v Hollard Life Assurance Company Ltd and Another (31338/2013) [2023] ZAGPJHC 469 (17 May 2023)
1166.	Oranje Watersport CC v Dawid Kruper Municipality (2231/2018) [2023] ZANCHC 11 (10 February 2023)
1167.	Organi Mark (Pty) Ld v Akoodie and Another (11435/2020) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1173 (19 December 2022)
1168.	Organisation Undoing Tax Abuse NPC v Bakwena Platinum Corridor Concessionaire (Pty) Ltd; In Re: Bakwena Platinum Corridor Concessionaire (Pty) Ltd v Organisation Undoing Tax Abuse NPC N.N.O. and Others; In Re: Organisation Undoing Tax Abuse NPC v South African National Road Agency Soc Ltd N.N.O. and Others (7955/21) [2023] ZAGPPHC 515 (9 May 2023)
1169.	Organisational Undoing Tax Abuse NPC v Services Sector Education Training Authority and Others (36248/19) [2021] ZAGPJHC 93 (4 November 2021)
1170.	Own Haven Housing Association NPC and Another v Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality and Another (1217/2019) [2023] ZAECELLC 39 (26 June 2023)
1171.	P H K v S (A67/2022) [2022] ZAFSHC 165 (13 December 2022)
1172.	P M v M M (22901/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 910 (20 June 2022)
1173.	P M v M M (27380/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 792 (13 July 2022)
1174.	Palesa Pretty Rantsoareng N.O & Others v Jenna Carly Titus & Others (3943/2022) [2022] ZAFSHC 132 (11 November 2022)
1175.	Palm Chrome (Pty) Ltd v 2 Glowing Sunset Trading 56 CC and Others (2023-080001) [2023] ZAGPPHC 966 (28 August 2023)
1176.	Papana and Others v Minister of Police (CA 47/2022) [2023] ZAECGHC 71 (8 February 2023)
1177.	Pauls Homemade (Pty)ltd v Boshoff and Others (38141/21) [2021] ZAGPJHC 355 (29 November 2021)
1178.	Peloeahae v Peloeahae and Another (20/39470) [2023] ZAGPJHC 251 (11 April 2023)
1179.	Peloeole v Director of Public Prosecutions Gauteng Division, Pretoria (740 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 117 (16 August 2022)
1180.	Perumal v Songca and Others (D3715/2021) [2023] ZAKZDHC 31 (17 July 2023)
1181.	Peter v Department of Health EC (711/2018) [2022] ZAECBHC 18 (27 September 2022)
1182.	Petersen and Another v Gqosha and Another (1574/2022) [2023] ZAECELLC 9 (25 April 2023)
1183.	Petros v City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality and Another (54425/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 204 (3 April 2023)
1184.	Phakula v Minister of Safety and Security (64450/2011) [2023] ZAGPPHC 230 (6 April 2023)
1185.	Phalafala v Member of Executive Council for Education, Limpopo Province and Others (3697/2018) [2022] ZALMPPHC 2 (16 May 2022)
1186.	Phalatse and Another v Speaker of the City of Johannesburg and Others (2022/26790) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1272 (25 October 2022)
1187.	Phasha v Phasha and Another (2021/56132) [2023] ZAGPJHC 937 (18 August 2023)
1188.	Phele and Another v Sibanyoni and Others (28059/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 806 (19 July 2022)
1189.	Phiri and Others v National Savings and Investment (Pty) Ltd and Another (22/15178) [2022] ZAGPJHC 821 (28 October 2022)
1190.	Pienaar NO v Minister of State Security and Others (54720/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 766 (9 May 2023)
1191.	Pienaar and Another v Sassman and Another (25559/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1036 (11 September 2023)
1192.	Pieters and Another v Stemmett and Another (LCC 2022/139) [2023] ZALCC 3 (3 February 2023)
1193.	Pieterse v Drumearn (Pty) Ltd and Others (LCC 135/2022) [2023] ZALCC 12 (19 April 2023)
1194.	Pillay NO v Government of Republic of South Africa and Others (LCC 2019/42) [2022] ZALCC 21 (24 June 2022)
1195.	Pillay and Another v Ramzan and Others (9757/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 269 (26 April 2022)
1196.	Pinase and Associates CC v Department of Health Free State and Others (4112/2020) [2023] ZAFSHC 143 (18 August 2023)
1197.	Pinto v Dimension Data and Others (EQ 3/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1127 (15 June 2022)
1198.	Pitsie N.O. and Another v Ditshego; In Re: Ditshego v Pitsie N.O. and Others (031023/2014) [2023] ZAGPJHC 661 (7 June 2023)
1199.	Pityana v Absa Group Ltd and Others (64258 / 2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 579 (10 May 2023)
1200.	Plaatjies v Minister of Police (CA 165/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 2 (3 May 2022)
1201.	Platinum Wheels (Pty) Ltd v National Consumer Commission and Another (A261/2021) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1068 (2 November 2022)
1202.	Platinum Wheels (Pty) Ltd v National Consumer Commission and Another (A261/2021) [2022] ZAGPPHC 997 (2 November 2022)
1203.	Plit v Grimbeek (9985/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 344 (31 May 2022)
1204.	Porritt and Another v National Prosecuting Authority of South Africa and Others (B825/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 111 (6 March 2023)
1205.	Poswa v Minister of Police (642 of 2021) [2022] ZAECMHC 22 (18 August 2022)
1206.	Powergroup SA (Pty) Limited v Karadeniz Holdings Ltd and Others (2023/084314) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1088 (27 September 2023)
1207.	Premier of Western Cape Province v Public Protector and Another (771 of 2020) [2022] ZASCA 16 (7 February 2022)
1208.	President of Republic of South Africa v Zuma and Others (062027-2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 9 (16 January 2023)
1209.	President of the Republic of South Africa v Zuma and Others (0027676/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 803 (5 July 2023)
1210.	Pretorius and Another v Pretorius N.O. and Others (15895/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 187 (15 March 2023)
1211.	Prevance Capital (Pty) Ltd v TGA Productions and Another (2022/026464) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1124 (5 October 2023)
1212.	Prince and Another v National Director of Public Prosecutions and Others (18849/18) [2022] ZAGPJHC 898 (3 June 2022)
1213.	Prinsloo NO and Others v Ngcongwane (LCC39/2009B) [2023] ZALCC 22 (21 July 2023)
1214.	Promed Technologies (Pty) Ltd v Commissioner for the South African Revenue Services (Customas and Excise) (D806/22) [2023] ZAKZDHC 21 (26 May 2023)
1215.	Prosec Guards CC v Department of Public Works & Infrastructure and Others ; Prosec Guards CC v Department of Public Works & Infrastructure and Others (2501/23; 2502/23) [2024] ZAWCHC 71 (24 May 2024)
1216.	Prozel 105 CC v Freegold (Harmony) (Pty) Ltd (2215/2022) [2023] ZAFSHC 80 (5 April 2023)
1217.	Prudential Authority of the South African Reserve Bank v Msiza and Another (A 294/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 529 (2 May 2023)
1218.	Prudential Authority v 3Sixty Life Ltd and Others (58950/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 697 (30 September 2022)
1219.	Public Protector of South Africa v Chairperson Section 194 (1) Committee and Others (18882/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 34 (13 April 2023)
1220.	Public Protector of South Africa v Speaker of National Assembly and Others (8500/2022) [2022] ZAWCHC 162 (3 November 2022)
1221.	Public Protector v Minister of Police and Others (66073/18) [2022] ZAGPPHC 698 (13 May 2022)
1222.	Putco (Pty) Ltd v MEC for Roads and Transport Gauteng and Another ; Trustees of Bus Industries Restructuring Fund and Another v Gauteng Department of Roads and Transport and Others (49674/21; 51091/21) [2021] ZAGPJHC 390 (7 December 2021)
1223.	Qabaka and Others v South African Women in Mining Association and Others (37505/2019) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1114 (6 April 2023)
1224.	Qondani v Minister of Police (76015/2018) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1278 (17 May 2023)
1225.	R D v K D (16995/22P) [2023] ZAKZPHC 2 (13 January 2023)
1226.	R F and Others v Minister of Home Affairs N.O. and Others (B25/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 126 (28 February 2023)
1227.	R H v A T (4523/2022) [2023] ZAFSHC 47 (8 March 2023)
1228.	RAF v Mokoena and Another; In Re: Mokoena v RAF (2473/2019) [2022] ZAFSHC 86 (12 July 2022)
1229.	RFS Administrators (Pty) Ltd and Another v National Fund for Municipal Workers and Others (27742/2016) [2023] ZAGPPHC 625 (5 June 2023)
1230.	RMS Joint Venture CC t/a Radds Transport v Transnet Soc Ltd Eyamakoshi and Others (038072/2022) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1111 (15 December 2022)
1231.	Raath v Raath (16610/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 577 (26 August 2022)
1232.	Radebe and Others v SBV Service (Pty) Ltd (38973/2015) [2023] ZAGPJHC 833 (26 July 2023)
1233.	Rail Refurb CC v South African National Roads Agency (16642/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1037 (31 August 2023)
1234.	Ramakone and Others v City of Johannesburg and Another (2020/19611) [2023] ZAGPJHC 921 (15 August 2023)
1235.	Ramalephatso Industries CC and Another v Nyumba Mobile Homes and Offices (Pty) Ltd; In Re: Nyumba Mobile Homes and Offices (Pty) Ltd v MEC for Free State Department of Health and Others (1719/2015) [2023] ZAFSHC 163 (15 September 2023)
1236.	Ramanand v Department of Labour Compensation Commissioner (AR 191/2022) [2023] ZAKZPHC 41 (14 April 2023)
1237.	Rampul v Trustees of Mangrove Beach Centre : Body Corporate and Others (9823/2022P) [2022] ZAKZPHC 73 (15 December 2022)
1238.	Ramulifho v Groundup News NPC and Others (20150/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1084 (27 September 2023)
1239.	Ranchod v Chhita (22143/18) [2022] ZAGPJHC 594 (22 August 2022)
1240.	Ras v Road Accident Fund (A 156/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 965 (31 May 2022)
1241.	Raschid and Another v Lenasia Tamil Association Body Corporate and Others (A 3048/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 619 (6 September 2022)
1242.	Raymond Mhlaba Municipality v Coega Packaging (Pty) Ltd (1838/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 98 (29 November 2022)
1243.	Razorbill Properties (Pty) Ltd v Minister of Mineral Resources and Others (83780/19) [2022] ZAGPPHC 736 (24 August 2022)
1244.	Re-opened Inquest into the Death of Dr Hoosen Mia Haffejee (Inquest 01/2021) [2023] ZAKZPHC 97 (13 September 2023)
1245.	Recycling and Economic Development Initiative of South Africa and Others v Electronic Media Network (38998/19) [2022] ZAGPJHC 66 (15 February 2022)
1246.	Regenesys Management (Pty) Ltd t/a Regenesys v Ilunga and Others (CCT 220/22) [2024] ZACC 8 (21 May 2024)
1247.	Rentworks Africa (Pty) Ltd v MEC for Infrastructure Development Gauteng Provincial Government (38522/12) [2023] ZAGPPHC 583 (19 May 2023)
1248.	Renwood Carriers CC and Another v Shilo Truck & Trailer Repairs CC and Another (KZN/DBN/RC 5628/12) [2022] ZAKZNRD 5 (31 August 2022)
1249.	Republic of Mozambique v Forum De Monitoria Do Orcamento and Others (40441/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 477 (27 July 2022)
1250.	Rey N.O. and Another v Adowa Student Accomodation Co-Ownership and Others (2022/26787) [2023] ZAGPJHC 230 (3 April 2023)
1251.	Rhweba Butterworth (Pty) Ltd and Another v Mntonga; In re: Rhweba Butterworth (Pty) Ltd and Another v Mntonga and Others (5368 of 2021) [2022] ZAECMHC 2 (3 May 2022)
1252.	Richard Keay Pollock N.O and Others v Victor and Others (735/2021) [2022] ZAFSHC 66 (17 June 2022)
1253.	Riches and Beyond (Pty) Ltd and Others v Ramela and Others (40544/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 20 (21 January 2022)
1254.	Right to Know Campaign and Others v City Manager of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality and Another (49197/19) [2022] ZAGPJHC 942 (10 June 2022)
1255.	Right to Know Campaign and Others v City Manager of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality and Another (49197/2019) [2022] ZAGPJHC 30 (10 June 2022)
1256.	Road Accident Fund v Auditor-General of South Africa and Others (19778/2022) [2022] ZAGPPHC 552 (30 September 2022)
1257.	Road Accident Fund v D'Alton obo S F (86236 of 2016) [2022] ZAGPPHC 566 (8 October 2022)
1258.	Road Accident Fund v Mzizi and Another; In Re: Mzizi and Another v Road Accident Fund (2018/35795) [2023] ZAGPJHC 74 (2 February 2023)
1259.	Road Accident Fund v Newnet Properties (Pty) Ltd and Others (6088/2022) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1099 (6 December 2022)
1260.	Road Accident Fund v Newnet Properties (Pty) Ltd t/a Sunshine Hospital [Manzhini] (32351/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1077 (15 September 2023)
1261.	Road Accident Fund v Plaatjies and Another; In Re: Plaatjies v Road Accident Fund (72939/17) [2022] ZAGPPHC 802 (25 July 2022)
1262.	Road Accident Fund v Sheriff of the High Court Pretoria East and Others (028726-2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 961 (28 August 2023)
1263.	Roadmac Surfacing (Pty) Ltd v Johannesburg Roads Agency (Soc) (Pty) Ltd and Others (27011/19) [2021] ZAGPJHC 98 (10 November 2021)
1264.	Roadmac Surfacing (Pty) Ltd v MEC for Department of Police, Roads & Transport, Free State Province and Another (171/2022) [2022] ZAFSHC 137 (7 November 2022)
1265.	Robarts Flagship Trust v Drakenstein Municipality (A08/2024) [2024] ZAWCHC 72 (27 May 2024)
1266.	Robert Ross Demolishers (Pty) Ltd v All Persons Listed on "RJR1" Portion 20 of Farm 7787 Cape Division and Others (16136/2012) [2023] ZAWCHC 133 (28 August 2023)
1267.	Roberts and Others v Roberts and Another (3451/2021) [2022] ZAFSHC 27 (12 May 2022)
1268.	Rodel Financial Services (Pty) Ltd v Lusolink International Export (Pty) Ltd and Another (39747/2018) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1149 (25 November 2022)
1269.	Rodpaul Construction (Pty) Ltd t/a Rods Construction v MEC: Kwazulu-Natal Provincial Department of Public Works (599/2023P) [2023] ZAKZPHC 87 (18 August 2023)
1270.	Romashko v Director-General of Department of Home Affairs and Others (25993/2022) [2022] ZAGPPHC 567 (9 October 2022)
1271.	Rooplal N.O. v Khangela and Another (11111/20) [2021] ZAGPJHC 99 (5 November 2021)
1272.	Rustenburg Platinum Mines Limited and Another v Regional Manager, Limpopo Region, Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) and Others (1109/2020) [2022] ZASCA 157 (18 November 2022)
1273.	Rycloff Beleggings (Pty) Ltd v Bonkolo and Others (18156 of 2019) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1089 (4 October 2022)
1274.	S H v M H (44450/22) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1121 (30 September 2022)
1275.	S S v S A (11676/2018) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1152 (11 October 2023)
1276.	S T v B N and Another (2020/26471) [2022] ZAGPJHC 943 (2 February 2022)
1277.	S v Amod and Others (41/406/2019) [2022] ZAKZNRD 2 (22 May 2022)
1278.	S v Banzana (A175/2022) [2022] ZAWCHC 181 (22 December 2022)
1279.	S v Blom (A95/2022) [2023] ZAFSHC 24 (6 February 2023)
1280.	S v Blose (D11892/2022) [2023] ZAKZDHC 52 (22 February 2023)
1281.	S v Botha (22/2022) [2023] ZAECGHC 37 (28 April 2023)
1282.	S v Cele (CA&R 38/2022) [2022] ZAECGHC 26 (7 June 2022)
1283.	S v Chauke (A 139/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 295 (15 March 2022)
1284.	S v D S (CC12/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1422 (3 August 2023)
1285.	S v DK Golding and Others (63/2019) [2022] ZAKZDHC 22 (11 May 2022)
1286.	S v Dintwe (A160/2022) [2023] ZAFSHC 102 (6 June 2023)
1287.	S v Dlamini (A215/22) [2023] ZAGPPHC 657 (13 June 2023)
1288.	S v Doorsamy and Others (A 228/2018) [2022] ZAGPJHC 615 (12 August 2022)
1289.	S v E C (A10/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 656 (15 June 2023)
1290.	S v Fisonti (CC72/2019) [2023] ZAWCHC 55 (15 May 2023)
1291.	S v Gcabashe and Another (CCD 43/2022) [2023] ZAKZDHC 61 (1 August 2023)
1292.	S v Gumbi and Others (CC24/2023) [2023] ZAKZDHC 28 (15 June 2023)
1293.	S v Hlatini (A59/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 539 (23 May 2023)
1294.	S v Hoyi and Others (20/22) [2023] ZAECGHC 65 (30 June 2023)
1295.	S v J E K (CA & R 26/2023) [2023] ZANCHC 46 (28 July 2023)
1296.	S v Jantjies (CC42/20) [2022] ZAWCHC 148 (6 October 2022)
1297.	S v Julie (CA & R 52/2022) [2023] ZANCHC 30 (2 February 2023)
1298.	S v Kabelo and Another (A200/2018) [2023] ZAGPJHC 558 (25 May 2023)
1299.	S v Kesa and Another (CC19/2020) [2022] ZAECMHC 44 (2 December 2022)
1300.	S v Kgantlapane (A122/2023) [2023] ZAWCHC 110 (31 July 2023)
1301.	S v Khanyile (10022/2023P) [2023] ZAKZPHC 84 (4 August 2023)
1302.	S v Khoza (A222/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1026 (8 September 2023)
1303.	S v Khoza (AR 60/2020) [2022] ZAKZPHC 30 (20 July 2022)
1304.	S v Knight (A 731/16) [2022] ZAGPPHC 783 (2 August 2022)
1305.	S v Komane (51 of 2019) [2022] ZASCA 55 (20 April 2022)
1306.	S v Kotole (CA 35/2022) [2022] ZANCHC 33 (12 August 2022)
1307.	S v Lebele (CC07/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 567 (9 May 2023)
1308.	S v Lehaba and Another (A59/2019) [2023] ZAGPPHC 591 (25 May 2023)
1309.	S v Likgopo (SS 32/2022) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1247 (28 November 2022)
1310.	S v Likgopo (SS32/2022) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1246 (23 November 2022)
1311.	S v Lipholo and Others (A78/2023; A96/2023) [2023] ZAFSHC 116 (5 July 2023)
1312.	S v Loots (A 54/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 405 (15 March 2022)
1313.	S v Lotz (AR 119/2021) [2022] ZAKZPHC 38 (26 August 2022)
1314.	S v Luzulane (41/353/2017) [2023] ZAKZNRD 2 (14 July 2023)
1315.	S v M M A (A153/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 89 (7 February 2023)
1316.	S v Machaila (A154/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 58 (27 January 2023)
1317.	S v Madinga (30/2022) [2023] ZAECELLC 31 (15 September 2023)
1318.	S v Madyavanhu and Others (K/S 38/2016) [2022] ZANCHC 66 (21 October 2022)
1319.	S v Majola and Others (SH 45/2020) [2022] ZAKZNRD 1 (18 July 2022)
1320.	S v Makeke (CA&R 09/2022) [2023] ZAECBHC 1 (31 January 2023)
1321.	S v Makgopa and Others (SS 87/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 459 (18 July 2022)
1322.	S v Makhala and Another (438 of 2020) [2022] ZASCA 19 (18 February 2022)
1323.	S v Manga (CA&R 240/2019) [2023] ZAECGHC 2 (25 January 2023)
1324.	S v Mantshongo (Sentence) (CC 53/2022) [2023] ZAECGHC 4 (20 January 2023)
1325.	S v Manundu and Others (CC 18 of 2022) [2022] ZAECMHC 23 (18 August 2022)
1326.	S v Manyaka (432 of 2020) [2022] ZASCA 21 (23 February 2022)
1327.	S v Maseli (A148/2022) [2023] ZAFSHC 42 (2 March 2023)
1328.	S v Mashibini (A38/2022) [2023] ZAFSHC 48 (9 March 2023)
1329.	S v Mazibuko and Others (SS 86/2014) [2023] ZAGPJHC 648 (17 February 2023)
1330.	S v Mdutyana (100/2022) [2022] ZAECMHC 37 (26 July 2022)
1331.	S v Mgijima (CA&R 13/23) [2023] ZANCHC 19 (28 April 2023)
1332.	S v Mgwaba (D12746/2022) [2023] ZAKZDHC 14 (5 April 2023)
1333.	S v Mhlongo and Others (Recusal Refusal Reasons) (41/66/2019) [2022] ZAKZNRD 4 (21 February 2022)
1334.	S v Mhlongo and Others (Trial Within a Trial : Reasons) (41/66/2019) [2022] ZAKZNRD 3 (24 January 2022)
1335.	S v Mkhwanazi (A 190/2021) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1199 (11 July 2022)
1336.	S v Mlambo (A272/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 859 (11 July 2023)
1337.	S v Mncube (Judgment on Sentence) (CCP42/2021) [2023] ZAKZPHC 18 (17 February 2023)
1338.	S v Mokoena (A1115/2020; R 16/2022) [2022] ZAFSHC 43 (4 May 2022)
1339.	S v Mokoena (A92/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 167 (20 March 2023)
1340.	S v Molatudi (A 308/2014) [2022] ZAGPJHC 39 (19 August 2022)
1341.	S v Motsoari (A103/2022) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1290 (25 November 2022)
1342.	S v Mphahlele (SS 111/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 811 (14 July 2023)
1343.	S v Msimango (A146/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 752 (30 June 2023)
1344.	S v Msiza and Another (A223/22) [2023] ZAGPPHC 944 (16 August 2023)
1345.	S v Msutu (CA&R24/2022) [2023] ZAECGHC 87 (14 September 2023)
1346.	S v Mtshemle and Another (CA&R137/2022) [2022] ZAECGHC 56 (27 September 2022)
1347.	S v Mtsholotsholo and Others (CC 1 of 2018) [2023] ZAWCHC 203 (26 May 2023)
1348.	S v Murphy and Others ( Subpoena) (CC27/2018) [2022] ZAWCHC 194 (15 August 2022)
1349.	S v Murphy and Others (CC 27 / 2018) [2023] ZAWCHC 103 (12 July 2023)
1350.	S v Murphy and Others (Search and Seizure Judgment) (CC 27 / 2018) [2023] ZAWCHC 102 (12 July 2023)
1351.	S v Mushininga (A217/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 851 (2 August 2023)
1352.	S v Mvambi (A 113/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 394 (4 February 2022)
1353.	S v NKOSI (A65/2022) [2022] ZAGPPHC 985 (11 November 2022)
1354.	S v Ncitha and Others; In re: S v Mkolo and Others (CC 40/2021) [2022] ZAECBHC 5 (10 May 2022)
1355.	S v Ndebele (SS 50/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 945 (21 August 2023)
1356.	S v Ngobeni (A58/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 630 (18 May 2023)
1357.	S v Ngozi (CA&R32/2022) [2022] ZAECMHC 29 (1 September 2022)
1358.	S v Ngubane (A29/2023) [2023] ZAGPJHC 500 (18 April 2023)
1359.	S v Nkqayi and Others (CA&R 121/2022) [2023] ZAECMHC 17 (28 March 2023)
1360.	S v Nomganga (A276/2019) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1126 (4 October 2023)
1361.	S v Ntantiso (CA&R 198/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 6 (10 May 2022)
1362.	S v Nthoesane (A 864/2021; R 15/2022) [2022] ZAFSHC 24 (12 May 2022)
1363.	S v Ntobeko (SS 122/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 358 (21 April 2023)
1364.	S v Nyali and Another (Petition for Special Review) (CA&R 10/2023) [2023] ZAECGHC 19 (24 January 2023)
1365.	S v Osorio Junior Roberto; In re: S v Cartilio Eugenio Cumbe (R 10/2022; R 11/2022; RC 7/2021; RC 8/2021) [2022] ZAFSHC 53 (9 June 2022)
1366.	S v Pepping (Judgment) (CC03/2021) [2023] ZAECMHC 2 (27 January 2023)
1367.	S v Petersen (295/2021) [2023] ZASCA 26 (16 March 2023)
1368.	S v Phillips and Others (A70/22) [2022] ZAWCHC 139 (15 September 2022)
1369.	S v Qurashi and Others (1166 of 2018) [2022] ZASCA 118 (22 August 2022)
1370.	S v Rala (A209/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 144 (12 September 2023)
1371.	S v Reatile and Others (SS83/2020) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1565 (16 August 2023)
1372.	S v Robertson (KS 48/05) [2023] ZANCHC 61 (29 September 2023)
1373.	S v S B (CA & R 185/2022) [2023] ZAECGHC 51 (23 May 2023)
1374.	S v Sani (A126/2022) [2023] ZAFSHC 52 (6 March 2023)
1375.	S v Saunders (Leave to Appeal Ruling) (41/454/2019) [2023] ZAKZNRD 1 (13 March 2023)
1376.	S v Saunders (Sentence) (41/454/2019) [2023] ZAKZNRD 3 (14 February 2023)
1377.	S v Schwartz (A622/2017) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1100 (8 December 2022)
1378.	S v Sello (1173/2023) [2023] ZAFSHC 83 (13 April 2023)
1379.	S v Shoba (SS 36/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 403 (25 March 2022)
1380.	S v Sibiya and Others (CC 67/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 613 (18 May 2023)
1381.	S v Siebrits (A150/2023) [2023] ZAWCHC 142 (8 September 2023)
1382.	S v Sikhosana (D8054/2023) [2023] ZAKZDHC 51 (15 September 2023)
1383.	S v Skosana (A206/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 932 (18 August 2023)
1384.	S v Smith (A27/2023) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1009 (8 September 2023)
1385.	S v Swanepoel (CA&R 90/2022) [2023] ZAECGHC 63 (27 June 2023)
1386.	S v Swartbooi (SS 121/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 944 (18 August 2023)
1387.	S v Tai-Tai and Others (CC21/2020) [2023] ZAECGHC 28 (29 March 2023)
1388.	S v Takane (CA&R 174/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 41 (10 August 2022)
1389.	S v Thabethe and Others (08/2022) [2022] ZAFSHC 138 (3 November 2022)
1390.	S v Thokoana (A17/2023) [2023] ZAFSHC 28 (6 February 2023)
1391.	S v Tito and Others (A320/22) [2023] ZAGPPHC 931 (18 August 2023)
1392.	S v Togowe (66/2017) [2022] ZAFSHC 39 (19 April 2022)
1393.	S v Tuku (CA&R 16/2020) [2022] ZANCHC 25 (20 May 2022)
1394.	S v Van Der Westhuizen (A11/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 992 (5 September 2023)
1395.	S v Walters and Another (A83/2022) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1053 (24 November 2022)
1396.	S v Yan (D 11062/2021) [2022] ZAKZDHC 2 (28 January 2022)
1397.	S v Yanta (CC44/2021) [2023] ZAWCHC 23 (1 March 2023)
1398.	S v Zikhali (Trial Within a Trial) (CC15/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1222 (3 August 2023)
1399.	S v Zimele and Others (CC16/2020) [2022] ZAECMHC 49 (24 March 2022)
1400.	S v Zuma and Another (CCD 30/2018) [2022] ZAKZPHC 16 (16 February 2022)
1401.	SA Taxi Development Finance (Pty) Ltd v Johnson (2021/0031) [2023] ZAGPJHC 842 (28 July 2023)
1402.	SAMWUMED v City of Ekurhuleni and Others (5068 of 2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 654 (25 August 2022)
1403.	SB Guarantee Company (Rf) Propriety Ltd v Chetty (43955/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 229 (20 March 2023)
1404.	SD Noorgat Trading Enterprise CC v Mahomed (P 1179/2021) [2022] ZAKZPHC 21 (28 January 2022)
1405.	SIOC v Mosala and Another (661/2022) [2022] ZANCHC 27 (1 June 2022)
1406.	SJ v S (CA&R 26/21) [2022] ZAECBHC 34 (6 December 2022)
1407.	SKG Africa (Pty) Ltd v South African Local Government Association and Others (1282/2023) [2023] ZAECELLC 33 (19 September 2023)
1408.	SKG v Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd and Others (EL789/2020) [2022] ZAECELLC 30 (15 December 2022)
1409.	SM v Minister of Home Affairs and Others (51908/21) [2021] ZAGPJHC 476 (30 December 2021)
1410.	SOHCO Property Investments NPC v Stemmett and Others (12553/2020) [2023] ZAWCHC 64 (16 May 2023)
1411.	Saffy N.O. and Others v MEC: Northern Cape Provincial Government: Department of Roads and Public Works and Another (1999/2016) [2023] ZANCHC 6 (20 January 2023)
1412.	Sakhingomso Training and Development Centre v MEC for Social Development (426 of 2021) [2022] ZAECMHC 10 (14 June 2022)
1413.	Samancor Chrome Ltd v Tennant Metals SA (Pty) Ltd (17223/21) [2021] ZAGPJHC 19 (25 October 2021)
1414.	Samex Consulting (Pty) Ltd v Department of Roads and Public Works Northern Cape and Others (2101/2021) [2022] ZANCHC 58 (28 October 2022)
1415.	Sampi v Ntsi and Another (A44/2022) [2022] ZAFSHC 142 (30 November 2022)
1416.	Sampson v Department of Justice and Constitutional Development and Others (34976/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 695 (20 May 2022)
1417.	Samuels v South African Legal Practice Council (1112/2021) [2022] ZASCA 175 (7 December 2022)
1418.	Sasol Oil Limited v B-BEE Commission and Others (21415/20) [2022] ZAGPPHC 849 (14 June 2022)
1419.	Sasol South Africa t/a Sasol Chemicals v Penkin (06609/2020) [2023] ZAGPJHC 301 (14 April 2023)
1420.	Sawadogo General Trading CC v Commissioner For The South African Revenue Service (33023/2017) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1123 (23 September 2023)
1421.	Sawyer v Sam N.O. and Others; Sawyer v Sam and Another (6239/2021) [2022] ZAWCHC 189 (8 December 2022)
1422.	Saziwa and Others v Mhlontlo Local Municipality and Others (1225/22; 2016/2022; 2017/22; 810/22) [2023] ZAECMHC 1 (10 January 2023)
1423.	Scalabrini Centre of Cape Town and Another v Minister of Home Affairs and Others (5441/20) [2023] ZAWCHC 18 (13 February 2023)
1424.	School Governing Body of Mary Waters Secondary School v Head of Department EC and Others (1818/2022) [2022] ZAECGHC 30 (23 June 2022)
1425.	Schoombee v Minister of Police (2283/2017) [2023] ZANWHC 632 (6 February 2023)
1426.	Schultz v Minister of Justice and Correctional Services and Others (2022-002804) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1141 (21 November 2022)
1427.	Schultz v Minister of Justice and Correctional Services and Others (76/2023) [2024] ZASCA 77 (23 May 2024)
1428.	Scientific Group (Pty) Ltd and Another v South African National Blood Services (NPC) and Others (5495/22) [2022] ZAGPJHC 388 (18 March 2022)
1429.	Seale and Another v City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality and Another (2023-078684) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1039 (8 September 2023)
1430.	Seale and Another v City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality and Another (2023-078684) [2023] ZAGPPHC 965 (25 August 2023)
1431.	Sedwin Investments (Pty) Ltd v Datnow; Sedwin Investments (Pty) Ltd v Datnow (2024/2022; 3119/2021) [2023] ZAECELLC 7 (7 March 2023)
1432.	Seebed CC t/a Siyabonga Convenience Centre v Engen Petroleum Limited [2022] ZACC 28 (20 July 2022)
1433.	Segalo v Botha N.O. and Others; Botha N.O. and Another v Segalo and Others (11582; 44572/2020) [2021] ZAGPJHC 386 (6 December 2021)
1434.	Sekhethela v William Fourways and Others (2023/085953) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1058 (21 September 2023)
1435.	Sekoati v Velocity Finance (RF) Lim (57416/2020) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1176 (31 December 2022)
1436.	Seleka and Another v City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality and Another (20026/2019) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1004 (31 August 2023)
1437.	Selemela v Ngxeketo; In Re: Ngxeketo v Selemela (40230/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 755 (21 June 2023)
1438.	Senamolele v Road Accident Fund (2016/33228) [2022] ZAGPJHC 709 (5 October 2022)
1439.	Senekal v Legal Practice Council and Others (3858/2021) [2023] ZAFSHC 77 (31 March 2023)
1440.	Sepetla v Hlole (A 5001/22) [2022] ZAGPJHC 329 (24 May 2022)
1441.	Serakwana v Minister of Police (2014/39550) [2023] ZAGPJHC 247 (3 April 2023)
1442.	Serame and Another v Makwaba and Another (3605/2021) [2022] ZAFSHC 113 (5 September 2022)
1443.	Seruoe v Speaker, Free State Provincial Legislature and Others (3952/2022) [2023] ZAFSHC 164 (21 September 2023)
1444.	Seshabela v City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (22095/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 876 (7 August 2023)
1445.	Sesoko and Others v Office of Public Protector and Others (74427/19) [2022] ZAGPPHC 960 (1 June 2022)
1446.	Shabangu v S (A118/2020) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1137 (15 November 2022)
1447.	Shine Africa Financial Services (Pty) Ltd v BCMM (EL 1056/2022) [2022] ZAECELLC 24 (8 November 2022)
1448.	Shomang v Motsose NO and Others (6990/22) [2022] ZAGPPHC 848 (24 May 2022)
1449.	Sibusiso v Road Accident Fund (64671/2019) [2024] ZAGPPHC 484 (17 May 2024)
1450.	Sienaert Prop CC v City of Johannesburg and Another (31566/21) [2021] ZAGPJHC 153 (22 November 2021)
1451.	Sigcau and Another v President of Republic of South Africa and Others (961/2020) [2022] ZASCA 121 (14 September 2022)
1452.	Signature Business Communications (Pty) Ltd v Eskom Holdings Soc Ltd (69751/2019) [2023] ZAGPPHC 576 (20 March 2023)
1453.	Sikhosana v Nonhlanhla N.O. and Others (2021/59067) [2023] ZAGPJHC 888 (8 August 2023)
1454.	Silverback Technologies CC and Others v Commissioner, South African Revenue Service (301/2022) [2023] ZASCA 128 (9 October 2023)
1455.	Simanga v South African National Roads Agency Soc Ltd (1532/2022) [2023] ZAECGHC 83 (12 September 2023)
1456.	Singh v South African Reserve Bank (2020/35964) [2023] ZAGPPHC 90 (20 February 2023)
1457.	Sithole and Another v Media24 (Pty) Ltd and Others (2023/070374) [2023] ZAGPJHC 885 (8 August 2023)
1458.	Sithole and Others v African National Congress and Others (020623/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 810 (17 July 2023)
1459.	Siyakhuphuka Investment Holdings (Pty) Ltd v Ports Regulator of South Africa and Others (5520 of 2016) [2022] ZAKZDHC 33 (16 September 2022)
1460.	Siyimane v Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (30427/2018) [2022] ZAGPJHC 377 (16 June 2022)
1461.	Sky Metro Equipment (Pty) Ltd v Wholesale and Retail Sector Education and Training Authority and Another (31304/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 614 (26 May 2023)
1462.	Smec South Africa (Pty) Ltd v Mec For Economic Development, Tourism and Environmental Affairs Kwazulu-Natal Province and Another; Smec South Africa (Pty) Ltd v Premier Of Kwazulu-Natal Province and Others (7572/2022P) [2023] ZAKZPHC 116 (29 September 2023)
1463.	Smec South Africa (Pty) Ltd v South African National Road Agency Soc Ltd (075024/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 964 (29 August 2023)
1464.	Smith and Others v Minister of Justice and Correctional Services and Another (21639/2015) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1048 (31 August 2023)
1465.	Smith v Minister of Police (2004/2019) [2023] ZAECPEHC 31 (4 April 2023)
1466.	Smith v Smith (2020/31273) [2022] ZAGPJHC 824 (31 October 2022)
1467.	Sofuthe obo A S v Member of the Executive Council for the Department of Health Eastern Cape Province (2728/2019) [2023] ZAECMHC 37 (4 July 2023)
1468.	Sokomani and Others v African National Congress and Others (EL531/2020) [2023] ZAECELLC 1 (3 February 2023)
1469.	Soma Initiative (Pty) Ltd v The Premier for the Eastern Cape and Others (353/2022) [2022] ZAECGHC 7 (17 May 2022)
1470.	Sono and Another v Master of The High Court Johannesburg and Others (2021/46542) [2023] ZAGPJHC 807 (23 June 2023)
1471.	South African Broadcasting Corporation Soc Ltd and Another v South African Broadcasting Corporation Pension Fund and Another (29163/17) [2021] ZAGPJHC 427 (15 December 2021)
1472.	South African Broadcasting Corporation and Another v Former Chief Operations Officer: George Hlaudi Motsoeneng and Others (GP01/2021) [2022] ZAST 48 (18 October 2022)
1473.	South African Farm Assured Meat Group CC N.N.O. and Others v Langeberg Municipality and Others (15865/2021) [2023] ZAWCHC 91 (13 July 2023)
1474.	South African Health Products Regulatory Authority and Another v African Christian Democratic Party (869/2021) [2022] ZASCA 158 (21 November 2022)
1475.	South African Human Rights Commission v Agro Data CC and Another (1448/2021) [2022] ZAMPMBHC 1 (2 March 2022)
1476.	South African Iron and Steel Institute and Others v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others [2023] ZACC 18 (26 June 2023)
1477.	South African Legal Practice Council v Marais (32362/2020) [2024] ZAGPPHC 497 (14 May 2024)
1478.	South African Legal Practice Council v Mokgobi (13023/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 22 (20 January 2023)
1479.	South African Legal Practice Council v Mokhele ; In re: South African Legal Practice Council v Mokhele and Another (5511/2022) [2023] ZAFSHC 56 (17 March 2023)
1480.	South African Legal Practice Council v Teffo (10991/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 629 (16 September 2022)
1481.	South African Municipal Workers Union v Imbeu Development and Project Management (Pty) Ltd and Another (30236/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 669 (22 September 2022)
1482.	South African National Roads Agency Soc Limited v Archiways Syke (Pty) Ltd (5302/2021P) [2022] ZAKZPHC 48 (15 September 2022)
1483.	South African Police Service Medical Scheme v Registrar of Council for Medical Schemes and Others (24261/2020) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1001 (2 November 2022)
1484.	South African Police Service Medical Scheme v Registrar of the Council for Medical Schemes and Others (24261/2020) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1103 (2 December 2022)
1485.	South African Property Owners Association NPC v Ethekwini Municipality and Others (9058/2023P) [2023] ZAKZPHC 98 (15 September 2023)
1486.	South African Reserve Bank and Another v Maddocks NO and Another (1268/2021) [2023] ZASCA 4 (23 January 2023)
1487.	South African Reserve Bank v Chauke (40383/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 393 (18 March 2022)
1488.	South African Youth Movement and Others v Minister of Forestry Fisheries and Environment and Others (2022/060450) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1 (6 January 2023)
1489.	Spalding v Moquini Homeowners Association (1328/2021) [2023] ZAWCHC 52 (20 April 2023)
1490.	Spangenberg and Others v Engelbrecht NO and Another (717/2021) [2023] ZASCA 100 (14 June 2023)
1491.	Spec Joint Venture v Minister of Water and Sanitation and Others (2806/2022) [2023] ZAECGHC 15 (2 February 2023)
1492.	Special Investigating Unit and Another v Duneco CC and Others (WC05/2022) [2023] ZAST 10 (23 June 2023)
1493.	Special Investigating Unit and Another v Caledon River Properties (Pty) Ltd t/a Magwa Construction and Another (GP17/2020) [2022] ZAST 67 (8 March 2022)
1494.	Special Investigating Unit and Another v Ndlovu and Others (GP19/2021) [2022] ZAST 49 (7 June 2022)
1495.	Special Investigating Unit v All-Out Trading (Pty) Ltd and Others ; Special Investigating Unit v Digital Vibes (Pty) Ltd and Others (Joinder Application) (KN03/2022) [2022] ZAST 69 (8 March 2022)
1496.	Special Investigating Unit v C Squared Consumer Connectedness (Pty) Ltd and Others (Order in Respect of Fourth Respondent) (FS01/2022) [2023] ZAST 22 (2 May 2023)
1497.	Special Investigating Unit v Fikile Mpofana (Pty) Ltd and Others (GP13/2021) [2022] ZAST 56 (10 February 2022)
1498.	Special Investigating Unit v Gekkonomics Propietory Limited t/a Infonomix and Another (90545/18) [2023] ZAGPPHC 995 (1 September 2023)
1499.	Special Investigating Unit v Lehloenya and Others ; In re: Lehloenya v Makhura and Others (Exception, Application to Strike Out and Special Plea to First Defendant's Third-Party Notice) (GP11/2020) [2021] ZAST 19 (25 October 2021)
1500.	Special Investigating Unit v MEC for Department of Treasury Free State Province and Others (FS01/2020) [2022] ZAST 55 (31 January 2022)
1501.	Special Investigating Unit v Phathalizwi Training Institute and Another (EC06/2020) [2022] ZAST 50 (18 May 2022)
1502.	Special Investigating Unit v Pro Serve Consulting (Pty) Ltd and Others (Reconsideration Application) (GP20/2021) [2022] ZAST 54 (21 January 2022)
1503.	Special Investigating Unit v Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality and Others ; In re: Special Investigating Unit v Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality and Others (EC01/2020; EC03/2020) [2022] ZAST 51 (6 December 2022)
1504.	Special Investigating Unit v Rybak Properties (Pty) Ltd and Another (GP01/2020) [2023] ZAST 21 (9 October 2023)
1505.	Special Investigating Unit v Zeelwa Trading (Pty) Ltd and Another (MP03/2021) [2022] ZAST 46 (13 October 2022)
1506.	Springs Car Wholesalers (Pty) Ltd t/a No Finance Cars v F & H Motors CC (1713/2023) [2023] ZAFSHC 144 (23 August 2023)
1507.	Standard Bank SA Ltd v Le John and Another (1540/2020) [2023] ZAECPEHC 6 (28 February 2023)
1508.	Standard Bank South Africa Limited v Lamont (17022/18) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1 (25 January 2022)
1509.	Standard Bank of SA Limited v CP Wolmarans N.O (3949/2021) [2022] ZAFSHC 29 (16 May 2022)
1510.	Standard Bank of South Africa Limited v Competition Commission of South Africa (165/CAC/Mar18) [2023] ZACAC 2 (24 March 2023)
1511.	Standard Bank of South Africa Limited v Master of the High Court Johannesburg and Others (012167/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 989 (1 September 2023)
1512.	Standard Bank of South Africa Limited v Shamase and Another (64045/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 868 (3 August 2023)
1513.	Standard Bank of South Africa v Nkosi (57944/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 573 (28 February 2023)
1514.	Stander v Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd (1984/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 88 (18 October 2022)
1515.	Stassen N.N.O. and Others v Chemaly N.N.O. and Others (5526/2022) [2023] ZAFSHC 186 (6 October 2023)
1516.	State Information Technology Agency Soc Ltd v Forensic Data Analysts (Pty) Ltd ; In re: Forensic Data Analysts (Pty) Ltd v State Information Technology Agency Soc Ltd and Others (19130/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1030 (8 September 2023)
1517.	Stay At South Point Properties (Pty) Ltd v Mqulwana and Others (1335/2021) [2023] ZASCA 108 (3 July 2023)
1518.	Steenhuisen and Another v Van Rooyen and Others (611/2021) [2023] ZASCA 78 (29 May 2023)
1519.	Steyn and Another ; In re: Single Destination Engineering (Pty) Ltd and Another v Van den Heever and Others (42818/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 988 (31 August 2023)
1520.	Stoch and Another v Zwelibanzi Vincent Mntambo N.O and Another (38240/2020) [2022] ZAGPJHC 518 (11 August 2022)
1521.	Stoch and Another v Zwelibanzi Vincent Mntambo N.O. and Another (38240/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 863 (11 August 2022)
1522.	Stoffberg and Another v Minister of Police and Another (47367/2011) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1124 (6 October 2023)
1523.	Studenteplein and Another v Stellenbosch University and Others (17991/2021) [2022] ZAWCHC 135 (15 September 2022)
1524.	Supaluck Investments (Pty) Ltd v Valuations Appeals Board: City of Johannesburg and Another (34752/2019) [2023] ZAGPJHC 138 (28 February 2023)
1525.	Superfecta Trading (209) Pty Ltd v Special Investigating Unit and Another ; In re: Special Investigating Unit and Another v Superfecta Trading (209) Pty Ltd NNO and Others (GP06/2022) [2023] ZAST 11 (13 July 2023)
1526.	Sustaining Wild Coast NPC and Others v Minister of Mineral Resources and Agency and Others (3491/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 100 (13 December 2022)
1527.	Sustaining the Wild Coast NPC and Others v Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy and Others (3491/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 45 (1 September 2022)
1528.	Swallows FC v Muwowo and Another; Royal Football Club v National Soccer League and Others (045818/2022; 046387/2022) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1106 (9 December 2022)
1529.	Swat SOS 247 (Pty) Ltd t/a SOS SA and Others v Jones (2023/027536) [2023] ZAGPJHC 323 (18 April 2023)
1530.	Swissport South Africa Proprietary Ltd v Airports Company South Africa Soc Ltd and Others (2022/003417) [2023] ZAGPJHC 175 (10 March 2023)
1531.	T M v N M (Reasons for Judgment) (16305/22) [2022] ZAGPPHC 770 (3 August 2022)
1532.	T N obo B N v Member of Executive Council for Health, Eastern Cape (36/2017) [2023] ZAECBHC 4 (7 February 2023)
1533.	TJM Investment Trust t/a Engen Thoyoyandou Convenience v South African National Roads Agency Soc Ltd (28653/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1033 (6 September 2023)
1534.	TMNS Enterprise (Pty) Ltd v Deeds Office of Pretoria and Others (25460/22) [2023] ZAGPPHC 695 (12 June 2023)
1535.	TMS Group Industrial Services (Pty) Limited and Another v Hydra Arc (Pty) Ltd and Another (11079/21) [2021] ZAGPJHC 94 (4 November 2021)
1536.	TT and Another v Minister of Social Development and Others (20/43969) [2023] ZAGPJHC 42 (25 January 2023)
1537.	TUHF Ltd v 266 Bree Street Johannesburg (Pty) Ltd and Others (39800 of 2020) [2022] ZAGPJHC 634 (9 September 2022)
1538.	TUHF Properties (Pty) Ltd v Argyle Court Housing Association and Others (26865/2019) [2023] ZAGPJHC 66 (1 February 2023)
1539.	Tabooz Glenanda (Pty) Ltd v Gauteng Liquor Board (2023/051124) [2023] ZAGPPHC 741 (26 June 2023)
1540.	Tahilram v Kayser and Others; In re: Kayser NO and Others v Tahilram (10390/20) [2021] ZAGPJHC 360 (26 November 2021)
1541.	Talacar Holdings (Pty) Ltd v City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality N.N.O. and Others (44294/2020) [2023] ZAGPJHC 198 (8 March 2023)
1542.	Talhado Fishing Enterprises (Pty) Ltd v Firstrand Bank Ltd t/a First National Bank (1104/2022) [2022] ZAECPEHC 14 (19 July 2022)
1543.	Talhado Fishing Enterprises (Pty) Ltd v Firstrand Bank Ltd t/a First National Bank (1104/2022) [2023] ZAECPEHC 17 (14 March 2023)
1544.	Taljaard and Another v Land and Agricultural Development Bank of South Africa and Others; In Re: Land and Agricultural Development Bank of South Africa v Du Toit NO and Others; In Re: Land and Agricultural Development Bank of South Africa v Du Toit NO and Others; In Re: Land and Agricultural Development Bank of South Africa v Van der Merwe NO and Others (1094/2022; 2436/2021; 963/2021; 964/2021; M557/2021/27) [2022] ZANCHC 50 (11 October 2022)
1545.	Taljaard and Another v Land and Agricultural Development Bank of South Africa and Others; In Re: Land and Agricultural Development Bank of South Africa v Du Toit NO and Others; In Re: Land and Agricultural Development Bank of South Africa v Du Toit NO and Others; In Re: Land and Agricultural Development Bank of South Africa v Van der Merwe NO and Others (1094/2022) [2022] ZANCHC 43 (15 August 2022)
1546.	Tata Chemicals South Africa (Pty) Ltd and Another v International Trade Administration Commission and Others (48248/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 531 (28 April 2023)
1547.	Taylor v Regional Court Magistrate and Another; In Re: S v Taylor (12398/19) [2023] ZAGPJHC 604 (31 May 2023)
1548.	Tayob NO and Another v Public Investment Corporation (PIC) and Another (61684//21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 570 (6 October 2022)
1549.	Tedstone Flats CC and Others v Maple View Investments (Pty) Ltd and Others (LCC209/2021) [2023] ZALCC 17 (16 March 2023)
1550.	Tee Que Trading Services (Pty) Ltd v Oracle Corporation South Africa (Pty) Ltd and Another (65 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 68 (17 May 2022)
1551.	Tekoa Consulting Engineers v Alfred Nzo District Municipality and Others (1284/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 25 (14 June 2022)
1552.	Tekoa Engineers (Pty) Ltd v Alfred Nzo Municipality and Others (1284/2021) [2023] ZAECGHC 21 (23 March 2023)
1553.	Tekoa engineering (Pty) Ltd v Alfred Nzo Municipality (1284/20) [2022] ZAECGHC 70 (25 October 2022)
1554.	Telegenix trading 799 (Pty) limited v Zimele Investment Enterprise Company (Pty) Ltd and Others (A277/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 993 (5 September 2023)
1555.	Telkom SA (Soc) Ltd v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others (007566/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 789 (19 July 2023)
1556.	Tete v Nedbank Ltd (35877/2018) [2023] ZAGPPHC 916 (16 August 2023)
1557.	Thaba Chweu Rural Forum and Others v Thaba Chweu Local Municipality and Others (737/2021) [2023] ZASCA 25 (14 March 2023)
1558.	Theodore Wilhelm Van den Heever N.O. and Others v N'Komati Anthracite (Pty) Ltd (42438/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1036 (6 June 2022)
1559.	Theodosiou N.N.O. and Others v Schindlers Attorneys N.N.O and Others (14038/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 6 (19 January 2022)
1560.	Thobejane and Others v Regional Lands Claim Commissioner for Limpopo and Others (LCC 74/2018) [2022] ZALCC 18 (17 June 2022)
1561.	Thokan v Kriegler and Another (40781 of 2018) [2022] ZAGPJHC 636 (13 September 2022)
1562.	Thomas v Minister of Police (2015/34496) [2023] ZAGPJHC 918 (14 August 2023)
1563.	Thubakgale and Others v Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality and Others (39602/2015) [2023] ZAGPPHC 960 (29 August 2023)
1564.	Thubakgale v PRASA (24580/2019) [2023] ZAGPPHC 674 (13 June 2023)
1565.	Thure v Minister of Police (74452/2017) [2022] ZAGPPHC 983 (21 October 2022)
1566.	Thusheni v Minister of Home Affairs and Others (36333/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 323 (23 May 2022)
1567.	Time Anchor Distillery (Pty) Ltd and Others v Gauteng Provincial Liquour Board; Woolworths (Pty) Ltd v Gauteng Provincial Liquor Board (124397/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1410 (9 October 2023)
1568.	Toloane v Minister of Police (433/2019) [2023] ZAFSHC 2 (13 January 2023)
1569.	Tomson N.N.O. and Others v Commissioner for South African Revenue Service and Another (33918/2021) [2023] ZAGPPHC 571 (24 April 2023)
1570.	Tongaat Hulett Sugar South Africa Ltd v Tongaat Hulett Pension Fund 2010 and Others (AR27/2022) [2023] ZAKZPHC 33 (3 March 2023)
1571.	Toots Coaches Bus Hire and Others v MEC for Education, Gauteng and Others (11209/22) [2022] ZAGPJHC 303 (8 April 2022)
1572.	Toproot Property Management (RT) (Pty) Ltd v Mbango and Others (1617/20) [2021] ZAGPJHC 388 (30 November 2021)
1573.	Toro yo Africa Consultants v Riddle NO and Another (11808/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 738 (26 July 2023)
1574.	Transasia Minerals (SA) Pty Ltd and Another v Kunene and Others (019883/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 149 (24 March 2023)
1575.	Transnet Soc Ltd and Another v CRRC E-Loco Supply (Pty) Ltd (formerly CSR E-Loco Supply (Pty) Ltd) and Others (11645/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 15 (12 April 2022)
1576.	Transnet Soc Ltd v Totalenergies Marketing South Africa (Pty) Ltd and Others (2022/007321) [2023] ZAGPJHC 954 (23 August 2023)
1577.	Trolese v Henderson and Others (1335/2021) [2023] ZANCHC 52 (25 August 2023)
1578.	Trustees For The Time Being of The Corneels Greyling Trust v Minister of Water And Sanitation and Others (2023 / 069111) [2023] ZAGPJHC 901 (11 August 2023)
1579.	Trustees for the Time Being of the Humane Society International - Africa Trust and Others v Minister of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment and Another (6939/2022) [2022] ZAWCHC 184 (21 April 2022)
1580.	Trustees for the time being of Burmilla Trust and Another v President of RSA and Another (64 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 22 (1 March 2022)
1581.	Trustees for the time being of Groundwork Trust and Another v Minister of Environmental Affairs and Others (39724/19) [2022] ZAGPPHC 725 (18 March 2022)
1582.	Trustees for time being of East London Hebrew Congregation v Galperin and Others (EL 748/2021) [2022] ZAECELLC 1 (13 May 2022)
1583.	Truworths Limited v Mochekgechekge and Others (JR 2787/18) [2022] ZALCJHB 1 (29 November 2022)
1584.	Tshabalala and Others v Aztograph (Pty) Ltd (2018/43335) [2022] ZAGPJHC 1199 (6 December 2022)
1585.	Tshakuma Community Trust and Another v Regional Land Claims Commissioner for Province of Limpopo and Others (LCC194/2013) [2023] ZALCC 20 (11 July 2023)
1586.	Tshalet v Mosungwa and Another; In re: Tshalite (11881/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 254 (3 May 2022)
1587.	Tshangela v Minister of Police (31264/2017) [2022] ZAGPPHC 592 (21 September 2022)
1588.	Tshepho Godfrey Phanyane NO v Phanyana and Others (44545/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 881 (11 July 2022)
1589.	Tshidzumba and Others v Special Investication Unit and Others (10124/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 567 (23 August 2022)
1590.	Tshisevhe Gwina Ratshimbilani Incorporated v Gijima Holdings (Pty) Ltd (41445/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 454 (11 July 2022)
1591.	Tsogang Civic Movement v Electoral Commission of South Africa and Others (11/2022 EC) [2022] ZAEC 12 (30 December 2022)
1592.	Tsogo Sun Caledon (Pty) Ltd and Others v Western Cape Gambling and Racing Board and Another (89 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 102 (24 June 2022)
1593.	Tsotetsi and Others v Minister of Police (2021/26369) [2023] ZAGPJHC 509 (19 May 2023)
1594.	Tswelopele Local Municipality v Tikwe Farming (Pty) Ltd and Others (1779/2022) [2022] ZAFSHC 110 (29 August 2022)
1595.	U J and Another v Minister of Home Affairs and Another (1986/2021) [2023] ZAECPEHC 1 (10 January 2023)
1596.	Ubisi v Road Accident Fund (64167/2017) [2023] ZAGPPHC 197 (5 April 2023)
1597.	Umnungwane Trading and Projects (Pty) Ltd (Registration number: 2017/511533/07) v Polongwane and Others (10429/19) [2022] ZAGPJHC 232 (13 April 2022)
1598.	United Democratic Movement and Others v Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd; Democratic Alliance v National Energy Regulator of South Africa and Others (003615/2023; 005779/2023) [2024] ZAGPPHC 503 (16 May 2024)
1599.	United Democratic Movement and Others v Eskom Holdings Soc Ltd and Others ; Tebeila Institute v National Energy Regulator of South Africa and Others (003615/2023; 005779/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 248 (5 May 2023)
1600.	United States Polo Association v LA Group (Pty) Ltd and Another; In Re: LA Group (Pty) Ltd v United States Polo Association and Another (2023/021399) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1023 (30 August 2023)
1601.	University of Free State v Christo Strydom Nutrition (CSN); In re: University of Free State v Christo Strydom Nutrition (CSN) (2433/2019) [2022] ZAFSHC 91 (18 July 2022)
1602.	Unyazi Rail (Pty) Ltd v Passenger Rail Agency of SA and Others (060552/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 177 (14 March 2023)
1603.	Usher N.O. v Abrina 284 (Pty) Limited (15185/22P) [2023] ZAKZPHC 105 (6 October 2023)
1604.	V L v F N (4760/2024) [2024] ZAWCHC 77 (30 May 2024)
1605.	V M and Another v Minister of Home Affairs and Others (2022-006386) [2023] ZAGPPHC 751 (28 June 2023)
1606.	VZ Contractors CC v King Cetshwayo District Municipality and Others (5056/2021) [2023] ZAKZDHC 54 (9 March 2023)
1607.	Valditime (Pty) Ltd and Another v Absa Bank Ltd (2021/39886) [2023] ZAGPJHC 319 (14 April 2023)
1608.	Value Logistics Ltd v Britz and Others (2020/13997) [2021] ZAGPJHC 851 (15 November 2021)
1609.	Van Den Berg v Land and Agricultural Development Bank of SA N.N.O. and Others (1955/2016) [2023] ZAFSHC 142 (21 August 2023)
1610.	Van Den Bos NO v Mogoane and Others (5838/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 552 (18 August 2022)
1611.	Van Den Bos v Shivambu and Another (3176 of 2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 627 (8 September 2022)
1612.	Van Greunen and Anothers v Mc Govern (5395/2022) [2023] ZAFSHC 86 (6 April 2023)
1613.	Van Heerden N.O. and Another v Master of the Eastern Cape High Court Port Elizabeth N.O. and Others (1358/2022) [2023] ZAECPEHC 60 (3 October 2023)
1614.	Van Loggenberg N.O. v Jones and Others (2022/19225) [2023] ZAGPJHC 249 (3 April 2023)
1615.	Van Niekerk and Another v Radebe and Others (LCC 1 3R/2021) [2022] ZALCC 9 (4 April 2022)
1616.	Van Niekerk v Absa Bank (A410/2018) [2022] ZAGPPHC 976 (8 November 2022)
1617.	Van Rooi and Another v Izinyoni Trading 271 (Pty) Ltd and Another (LCC 2022/73) [2023] ZALCC 24 (17 August 2023)
1618.	Van Veen v Director of Public Prosecutions Western Cape and Others (2280/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 99 (31 July 2023)
1619.	Van Wyk and Others v Minister of Justice and Correctional Services and Others (29038/19) [2023] ZAGPPHC 180 (15 March 2023)
1620.	Van Zyl's Inc v Brand N.N.O. and Others (11460/22) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1073 (30 November 2022)
1621.	Van der Merwe and Others v Nel N.O. and Others (2483/2023) [2023] ZAECGHC 73 (11 August 2023)
1622.	Van der Merwe v Safe Waterkloof NPC and Others (42344/20) [2022] ZAGPPHC 673 (17 October 2022)
1623.	Van der Molen v South African Civil Aviation Authority ; Cemair (Pty) Ltd v South African Civil Aviation Authority and Another (57741/2021; 57742/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 994 (5 September 2023)
1624.	Van der Valk NO and Others v Johnson and Others (20449/2021) [2023] ZAWCHC 11 (30 January 2023)
1625.	Vast Mineral Sands (Pty) Ltd v Alexkor Soc Ltd and Others (1452/2023) [2023] ZANCHC 58 (15 September 2023)
1626.	Venter and Others NNO v Master of High Court, Pretoria and Others (27131/2022) [2022] ZAGPPHC 760 (8 August 2022)
1627.	Vhuyatsha v National Director of Public Prosecutions (89902/15) [2022] ZAGPPHC 700 (12 May 2022)
1628.	Victor N.N.O. and Others v Liebenberg (081333/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1136 (4 October 2023)
1629.	Vincemus Investments (Pty) Ltd and Another v City of Johannesburg and Others (023913/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1438 (10 August 2023)
1630.	Vincemus Investments (Pty) Ltd and Another v City of Johannesburg and Others (023913/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1457 (10 August 2023)
1631.	Vodacom (Pty) Ltd v Makate N.O. and Another (57882/2019) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1095 (15 September 2023)
1632.	Vodacom (Pty) Ltd v National Commissioner South African Police Service and Others (18770/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 151 (17 March 2023)
1633.	Voestalpine Vae SA (Pty) Ltd v Transnet Freight Rail A Division of Transnet Soc Ltd and Another (22363/2021) [2022] ZAGPPHC 1052 (22 November 2022)
1634.	Voice of Unborn Baby NPC and Another v Minister of Home Affairs and Another [2022] ZACC 20 (15 June 2022)
1635.	Voko and Another v RAF and Another (1123/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 32 (29 March 2022)
1636.	Vresthena (Pty) Ltd v City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality and Others (065167/2023) [2023] ZAGPPHC 827 (21 July 2023)
1637.	WBHO-Lubocon JV v Eskom Holdings Soc Ltd and Another (005599/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1012 (8 September 2023)
1638.	WK Construction (Pty) Ltd v Brown (25092/2014) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1112 (31 January 2023)
1639.	Waco Africa (Pty) Ltd and Others v Eskom Soc Ltd and Others (290/22; 3047/22; 5798/21) [2022] ZAGPJHC 607 (2 September 2022)
1640.	Wallage v William-Ashman NO and Others (823/2022) [2023] ZASCA 44 (31 March 2023)
1641.	Wamjay Holding Investments (Pty) Ltd v Auckland Park Theological Seminary (2022/9895) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1103 (2 October 2023)
1642.	Watefall Community v Mtyingizane and Others (4181/2019) [2022] ZAECMHC 47 (1 December 2022)
1643.	Waterford Estate Homeowners Association NPC v Riverside Lodge Body Corporate and Others (24576/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 936 (10 August 2023)
1644.	Waterkloof Boulevard Homeowners Association v Yusuf and Another (028945/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 963 (28 August 2023)
1645.	Wayne's Electrical & Refrigeration (Pty) Ltd and Others v The Enoch Mgijima Local Municipality and Others (675/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 4 (26 April 2022)
1646.	Wellen - Griqua Paramount Chief/King and Others v Government of Republic of South Africa and Others (2998/2018) [2022] ZANCHC 40 (16 September 2022)
1647.	Wellen v Bucklands Communal Property Association and Others (2435/2021) [2023] ZANCHC 41 (24 March 2023)
1648.	Western Cape Gambling and Racing Board and Another v Sunwest International (Pty) Ltd t/a Grandwest Casino & Entertainment World and Another (1330/2021) [2023] ZASCA 118 (4 September 2023)
1649.	Williams N.O. v Master of the High Court Pretoria N.O. and Others (035698/22) [2023] ZAGPPHC 190 (20 March 2023)
1650.	Williams v Legal Practice Council Executive (18762/2019) [2022] ZAWCHC 176 (31 October 2022)
1651.	X and Another v Minister of Social Development and Another (27706/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 726 (24 February 2022)
1652.	Xoliswa Tini Facilities Management Services (Pt) Ltd v Mnister of PUblic Works and Infrastructure and Others (33259/21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 836 (4 July 2022)
1653.	Xoxo v Minister of Police and Another (1627 of 2021) [2022] ZAECMHC 11 (21 June 2022)
1654.	Xulu v Minister of Police and Another (21/52147) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1035 (13 September 2023)
1655.	Y B v L B (5413/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 177 (28 March 2023)
1656.	Y M v T M (26526/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 796 (13 July 2023)
1657.	Yanling International Trade CC v South African Reserve Bank (56220/21) [2023] ZAGPPHC 72 (13 February 2023)
1658.	Yola and Another v Jonas and Others (1800/2022) [2022] ZANCHC 63 (8 November 2022)
1659.	Young Bafana Football Club v Ramatsekisa N.O. and Others (2023/02228) [2023] ZAGPJHC 763 (27 June 2023)
1660.	Z E v N E and Another (10914/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 12 (24 January 2023)
1661.	Zander Burger properties (Pty) Ltd vs Graceful Blessings (Pty) Ltd (2102/2022) [2022] ZAFSHC 93 (25 July 2022)
1662.	Zervas v Greef; In Re: Greef v Scenic Route Trading 502 CC t/a Devco Group and Another (21846/ 18) [2023] ZAGPPHC 242 (26 January 2023)
1663.	Zestibex CC t/a Silent Alarms v Willemse and Another (1094/2023) [2023] ZAFSHC 192 (26 September 2023)
1664.	Zimanga v Minister of Police (1743/2020) [2023] ZAECGHC 14 (28 February 2023)
1665.	Zinyana v Smith and Others (28764/2021) [2023] ZAGPJHC 737 (22 June 2023)
1666.	Zitha v Minister of Police and Another (735/2019) [2024] ZAECBHC 10 (26 April 2024)
1667.	Zulu and Others v Provincial Executive Committee First ANC KwaZulu-Natal and Others (189/2022P) [2023] ZAKZPHC 65 (19 May 2023)
1668.	Zulu v Mathe and Others; Zulu and Another v Mathe and Others; Zulu v Zulu and Others (P 10879/2021; P 2751/2021; P 2752/2021) [2022] ZAKZPHC 17 (2 March 2022)
1669.	Zuma v President of the Republic Of South Africa and Others (0027676/2022) [2023] ZAGPJHC 1036 (12 September 2023)
1670.	Zurich Insurance Company South Africa Ltd v Gauteng Provincial Government (734/2021) [2022] ZASCA 127 (28 September 2022)
1671.	Zwane v Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development and Another (74773/2014) [2023] ZAGPPHC 152 (13 March 2023)
1672.	eMedia Investments (Pty) Ltd v Multichoice Proprietary Limited and Another (201/CAC/JUN22) [2022] ZACAC 5 (1 August 2022)
1673.	eMedia Investments Proprietary Limited v Multichoice Proprietary Limited and Others (248/CAC/JUL23) [2023] ZACAC 4 (16 August 2023)
1674.	eThekwini Municipality and Another v Independent Schools Association of Southern Africa and Others (960/2019) [2021] ZASCA 155 (3 November 2021)

Legislation 585

1.	Magistrates' Courts Act, 1944	2692 citations
2.	Public Finance Management Act, 1999	2147 citations
3.	Promotion of Administrative Justice Act, 2000	2066 citations
4.	National Environmental Management Act, 1998	1832 citations
5.	Companies Act, 2008	1764 citations
6.	National Road Traffic Act, 1996	1654 citations
7.	Local Government: Municipal Finance Management Act, 2003	1640 citations
8.	Promotion of Access to Information Act, 2000	1592 citations
9.	Income Tax Act, 1962	1579 citations
10.	Restitution of Land Rights Act, 1994	1576 citations
11.	Superior Courts Act, 2013	1438 citations
12.	Disaster Management Act, 2002	1197 citations
13.	Consumer Protection Act, 2008	1026 citations
14.	Prevention of Organised Crime Act, 1998	976 citations
15.	Electronic Communications Act, 2005	896 citations
16.	National Water Act, 1998	842 citations
17.	Financial Intelligence Centre Act, 2001	805 citations
18.	Competition Act, 1998	765 citations
19.	Electoral Commission Act, 1996	686 citations
20.	Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act, 1993	652 citations
21.	National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, 2003	628 citations
22.	Basic Conditions of Employment Act, 1997	621 citations
23.	Medicines and Related Substances Control Act, 1965	615 citations
24.	Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002	600 citations
25.	Skills Development Act, 1998	591 citations
26.	National Credit Act, 2005	569 citations
27.	Employment Equity Act, 1998	531 citations
28.	Prescription Act, 1969	499 citations
29.	Children's Act, 2005	492 citations
30.	Electoral Act, 1998	481 citations
31.	Post Office Act, 1958	436 citations
32.	Water Services Act, 1997	432 citations
33.	National Health Act, 2003	425 citations
34.	Independent Communications Authority of South Africa Act, 2000	418 citations
35.	National Environmental Management: Waste Act, 2008	415 citations
36.	Firearms Control Act, 2000	407 citations
37.	Merchant Shipping Act, 1951	390 citations
38.	Preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act, 2000	386 citations
39.	Medical Schemes Act, 1998	381 citations
40.	Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act, 1998	372 citations
41.	Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act, 2007	369 citations
42.	Mental Health Care Act, 2002	356 citations
43.	National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act, 2004	346 citations
44.	Sheriffs Act, 1986	346 citations
45.	Prevention and Combating of Corrupt Activities Act, 2004	344 citations
46.	Hazardous Substances Act, 1973	338 citations
47.	Marine Living Resources Act, 1998	338 citations
48.	Electronic Communications and Transactions Act, 2002	329 citations
49.	Electricity Regulation Act, 2006	301 citations
50.	Financial Advisory and Intermediary Services Act, 2002	301 citations
51.	Interpretation Act, 1957	276 citations
52.	Minerals Act, 1991	275 citations
53.	Tourism Act, 2014	273 citations
54.	Immigration Act, 2002	266 citations
55.	Legal Practice Act, 2014	238 citations
56.	Alienation of Land Act, 1981	237 citations
57.	Mine Health and Safety Act, 1996	228 citations
58.	National Forests Act, 1998	209 citations
59.	Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act, 2000	202 citations
60.	Divorce Act, 1979	199 citations
61.	National Prosecuting Authority Act, 1998	198 citations
62.	National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act, 2008	192 citations
63.	Unemployment Insurance Act, 2001	181 citations
64.	Protection of Personal Information Act, 2013	179 citations
65.	Development Bank of Southern Africa Act, 1997	166 citations
66.	Extension of Security of Tenure Act, 1997	161 citations
67.	National Energy Regulator Act, 2004	153 citations
68.	Refugees Act, 1998	146 citations
69.	Protection of Constitutional Democracy against Terrorist and Related Activities Act, 2004	133 citations
70.	National Nuclear Regulator Act, 1999	129 citations
71.	Promotion of Local Government Affairs Act, 1983	128 citations
72.	Domestic Violence Act, 1998	117 citations
73.	Rental Housing Act, 1999	116 citations
74.	National Small Enterprise Act, 1996	114 citations
75.	Child Justice Act, 2008	111 citations
76.	Financial Sector Regulation Act, 2017	111 citations
77.	Maintenance Act, 1998	111 citations
78.	Construction Industry Development Board Act, 2000	108 citations
79.	South African Citizenship Act, 1995	105 citations
80.	Gas Act, 2001	102 citations
81.	Statistics Act, 1999	102 citations
82.	Organised Local Government Act, 1997	100 citations
83.	Social Assistance Act, 2004	99 citations
84.	Protected Disclosures Act, 2000	92 citations
85.	South African Revenue Service Act, 1997	92 citations
86.	Public Protector Act, 1994	88 citations
87.	National Ports Act, 2005	78 citations
88.	Public Audit Act, 2004	76 citations
89.	Astronomy Geographic Advantage Act, 2007	73 citations
90.	Judges Remuneration and Conditions of Employment Act, 2001	72 citations
91.	Finance and Financial Adjustments Acts Consolidation Act, 1977	71 citations
92.	Marine Pollution (Control and Civil Liability) Act, 1981	58 citations
93.	Older Persons Act, 2006	54 citations
94.	Social Housing Act, 2008	51 citations
95.	Civil Union Act, 2006	49 citations
96.	Prevention and Combating of Trafficking in Persons Act, 2013	46 citations
97.	Protection from Harassment Act, 2011	45 citations
98.	Judicial Service Commission Act, 1994	35 citations
99.	Prevention and Combating of Torture of Persons Act, 2013	34 citations
100.	Employment Services Act, 2014	32 citations
101.	South African Postbank SOC Limited Act, 2010	32 citations
102.	Home Loan and Mortgage Disclosure Act, 2000	29 citations
103.	Legal Aid South Africa Act, 2014	29 citations
104.	Credit Rating Services Act, 2012	26 citations
105.	National Energy Act, 2008	26 citations
106.	South African Social Security Agency Act, 2004	26 citations
107.	Witness Protection Act, 1998	23 citations
108.	Geoscience Act, 1993	17 citations
109.	National Health Laboratory Service Act, 2000	16 citations
110.	South African Post Office SOC Ltd Act, 2011	16 citations
111.	Customs Control Act, 2014	15 citations
112.	National Minimum Wage Act, 2018	15 citations
113.	Customary Initiation Act, 2021	14 citations
114.	Cybercrimes Act, 2020	11 citations
115.	South African Human Rights Commission Act, 2013	10 citations
116.	KwaZulu-Natal Health Act, 2009	6 citations
117.	Western Cape Land Use Planning Act, 2014	6 citations
118.	Inherited Debt Relief Act, 1998	5 citations
119.	Disaster Management Act: Regulations relating to COVID-19	4 citations
120.	Northern Cape Gambling Act, 2008	4 citations
121.	Sea Transport Documents Act, 2000	4 citations
122.	Kwa-Zulu Natal Joint Municipal Pension Fund (Retirement) Act, 2017	3 citations
123.	KwaZulu-Natal Joint Municipal Pension Fund (Superannuation) Act, 2017	3 citations
124.	KwaZulu-Natal Joint Municipal Provident Fund Act, 2017	3 citations
125.	Mpumalanga Traditional Leadership and Governance Act, 2005	3 citations
126.	Customer Care and Revenue Management	2 citations
127.	Free State Gambling and Liquor Act, 2010	2 citations
128.	KwaZulu-Natal Gaming and Betting Act, 2010	2 citations
129.	KwaZulu-Natal Umzimkhulu Alignment Act, 2017	2 citations
130.	Limpopo Traditional Leadership and Institutions Act, 2005	2 citations
131.	Mpumalanga Nature Conservation Act, 1998	2 citations
132.	Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Agency Act, 2005	2 citations
133.	Northern Cape Liquor Act, 2008	2 citations
134.	Credit Control, Debt Collection and Indigent Support	1 citation
135.	Customer Care Management, Credit Control and Debt Collection	1 citation
136.	Customer Care Management, Credit Control and Debt Collection	1 citation
137.	Customer Care Management, Credit Control and Debt Collection	1 citation
138.	Eastern Cape Traditional Leadership and Governance Act, 2017	1 citation
139.	Electricity Supply	1 citation
140.	Free State Petitions Act, 2008	1 citation
141.	Gauteng Enterprise Propeller Act	1 citation
142.	Gauteng Liquor Act	1 citation
143.	Gauteng Transport Infrastructure Act, 2001	1 citation
144.	Kwa-Zulu Natal Amafa and Research Institute Act, 2018	1 citation
145.	KwaZulu-Natal Archives and Records Service Act, 2011	1 citation
146.	KwaZulu-Natal Consumer Protection Act, 2013	1 citation
147.	KwaZulu-Natal Funding of Represented Political Parties Act, 2008	1 citation
148.	KwaZulu-Natal Land Administration and Immovable Asset Management Act, 2014	1 citation
149.	KwaZulu-Natal Liquor Licensing Act, 2010	1 citation
150.	KwaZulu-Natal Petitions Act, 2003	1 citation
151.	Limpopo Business Registration Act, 2003	1 citation
152.	Limpopo Houses of Traditional Leaders Act, 2005	1 citation
153.	Limpopo Political Party Fund Act, 2008	1 citation
154.	Mpumalanga Provincial House and Local Houses of Traditional Leaders Act, 2005	1 citation
155.	North West Directorate of Entrepreneurial Development in Natural Resources Act, 2003	1 citation
156.	North West Houses of Traditional Leaders Act, 2009	1 citation
157.	North West Petitions Act, 2010	1 citation
158.	Northern Cape Political Party Fund Act, 2009	1 citation
159.	Prevention of Public Nuisances and Nuisances Arising from the Keeping of Animals	1 citation
160.	Promotion of Youth Affairs Act, 1995	1 citation
161.	Provincial Exchequer Act, 1994	1 citation
162.	Tariff	1 citation
163.	Tariffs and Free Basic Services	1 citation
164.	Tariffs and Free Basic Services	1 citation
165.	Western Cape Community Safety Act, 2013	1 citation
166.	Western Cape Law on the Powers and Privileges of the Provincial Legislature, 1995	1 citation
167.	Western Cape Petitions Act	1 citation
168.	Accommodation Establishments
169.	Accommodation Establishments
170.	Advertising
171.	Advertising Signs and the Disfigurement of the Front or Frontages of Streets
172.	Advertising and Signage
173.	Aerodrome
174.	Aerodromes
175.	Air Pollution Control
176.	Air Pollution Control
177.	Air Pollution Control
178.	Air Pollution Control
179.	Air Quality
180.	Air Quality
181.	Air Quality Management
182.	Air Quality Management
183.	Air Quality Management
184.	Air Quality Management
185.	Animal Keeping
186.	Budget Approval Process
187.	Building Control
188.	Camping Areas
189.	Cemeteries and Crematoria
190.	Cemeteries and Crematoria
191.	Cemeteries and Crematoria
192.	Cemeteries and Crematoria
193.	Child Care Facilities
194.	Child Care Facilities
195.	Childcare Services
196.	City Improvement District
197.	Coastal
198.	Coastal Management
199.	Coastal Management
200.	Coastal Management
201.	Coastal Management
202.	Code of Judicial Conduct, 2012
203.	Collections
204.	Commonage
205.	Commonage
206.	Community Fire Safety
207.	Community Fire Safety
208.	Conduct of meetings
209.	Consolidated Direction on Occupational Health and Safety Measures in Certain Workplaces
210.	Consolidated Directions on Occupational Health and Safety Measures in Certain Workplaces
211.	Constitutional Court Rules, 2003
212.	Control of Boats and Boating on the Clanwilliam Dam
213.	Control of Fireworks
214.	Control of Temporary Advertisements
215.	Control of Undertakings that Sell Liquor
216.	Control of Undertakings that Sell Liquor to the Public
217.	Control of Undertakings that Sell Liquor to the Public
218.	Control of Undertakings that Sell Liquor to the Public
219.	Control of Undertakings that Sell Liquor to the Public
220.	Control of Vessels and Boating Activities on the Berg River Estuary
221.	Control of Waste Disposal Sites
222.	Control over Refuse Removal and Disposal Sites
223.	Controlled Parking Areas
224.	Credit Control
225.	Credit Control
226.	Credit Control and Debt Collection
227.	Credit Control and Debt Collection
228.	Credit Control and Debt Collection
229.	Credit Control and Debt Collection
230.	Credit Control and Debt Collection
231.	Credit Control and Debt Collection
232.	Credit Control, Debt Collection and Indigent Support
233.	Credit Control, Debt Collection and Indigent Support
234.	Credit Control, Debt Collection and Indigent Support
235.	Credit Control, Tariffs and Debt Collection
236.	Customer Care, Credit Control and Debt Collection
237.	Customer Care, Credit Control and Debt Collection
238.	Customer Care, Credit Control and Debt Collection
239.	Customer Care, Credit Control, Debt Collection and Indigent Support
240.	Determination of Fit and Proper Requirements, 2017
241.	Determination of the Types of Municipalities Act, 2009
242.	Directions Regarding the Phased Return of Children to Early Childhood Development Programmes and Partial Care Facilities
243.	Directive 1 of 2022: Conduct of accountable institutions relating to "wire transfers" or electronic funds transfers
244.	Directive for Conduct within the National Payment System in respect of the Financial Action Task Force Recommendations for Electronic Funds Transfers
245.	Directives issued by the Chief Justice regarding COVID-19
246.	Disaster Management Act: Regulations relating to COVID-19
247.	Display of Posters and Banners
248.	Disposal of Contaminated and/or Infectious Waste
249.	Dogs
250.	Durban Fresh Produce Market
251.	Eastern Cape Liquor Authority Act, 2018
252.	Eastern Cape Parks and Tourism Agency Act, 2010
253.	Electricity Supply
254.	Electricity Supply
255.	Electricity Supply
256.	Electricity Supply
257.	Electricity Supply
258.	Electricity Supply
259.	Electricity Supply
260.	Electricity Supply
261.	Environmental Health
262.	Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2014
263.	Establishment and Control over Commonages
264.	Establishment of Improvement Districts
265.	Estuary Usage Zones
266.	Estuary Usage Zones
267.	Evidence and Information Before the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature Act, 2007
268.	Fences and Fencing
269.	Fences and Fencing
270.	Fences and Walls
271.	Film
272.	Filming
273.	Financial Management of Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature Act, 2010
274.	Financial Management of the Gauteng Provincial Legislature Act
275.	Fire
276.	Fire Prevention and Flammable Liquids and Substances
277.	Fire Safety
278.	Fire Safety
279.	Fire Safety
280.	Fire Safety
281.	Firearms Control Regulations, 2004
282.	Fireworks
283.	Flammable Liquids and other Substances
284.	Formation of Johannesburg Investment and Tourism as a Service Utily
285.	Free State Initiation School Health Act, 2004
286.	Free State Petitions Regulations, 2008
287.	Free State Political Party Fund Act, 2008
288.	Free State Provincial and Local Houses of Traditional Leaders Act, 2017
289.	Funeral Undertaker's Premises
290.	Gauteng Political Party Fund Act, 2007
291.	Gauteng Provincial Languages Act, 2016
292.	Gauteng Scrutiny of Subordinate Legislation Act, 2008
293.	Gauteng Township Economic Development Act, 2022
294.	Gautrain Management Agency Act, 2006
295.	Guidance Note 3: Guidance for banks on customer identification and verification and related matters, 2005
296.	Guidelines on the Participation of Traditional and Khoi-San Leaders in Municipal Councils
297.	Holding of Events
298.	House Shop
299.	Immovable Property
300.	Imposition of Surcharges on Electricity Supplied to Occupiers of Municipal Property
301.	Impoundment of Animals
302.	Impoundment of Animals
303.	Impoundment of Animals
304.	Impoundment of Animals
305.	Impoundment of Animals
306.	Indigent Support
307.	Indigent Support
308.	Informal Trade
309.	Informal Trading
310.	Informal Trading
311.	Informal Trading
312.	Informal Trading
313.	Informal Trading
314.	Installation of Telecommunications Infrastructure
315.	Installation of Telecommunications Infrastructure
316.	Integrated Waste Management
317.	Integrated Waste Management
318.	Integrated Waste Management
319.	Integrated Waste Management
320.	Integrated Zoning Scheme
321.	Irrigation Water
322.	Keeping and Treatment of Dogs and Cats
323.	Keeping of Animals
324.	Keeping of Dogs
325.	Kwa-Zulu Natal Amafa and Research Institute Regulations, 2018
326.	KwaZulu-Natal Consumer Protection Regulations, 2014
327.	KwaZulu-Natal Dube Tradeport Corporation Act, 2010
328.	KwaZulu-Natal Film Commission Act, 2010
329.	KwaZulu-Natal Ithala Development Finance Corporation Act, 2013
330.	KwaZulu-Natal Legislature Witnesses Act, 2007
331.	KwaZulu-Natal Petitions Regulations, 2006.
332.	KwaZulu-Natal Pound Act, 2006
333.	KwaZulu-Natal Trade and Investment Agency Act, 2010
334.	KwaZulu-Natal Zulu Royal House Trust Act, 2018
335.	Land Use Planning
336.	Legal Aid of South Africa Regulations, 2017
337.	Library and Information Service
338.	Limpopo Consumer Protection Act, 2015
339.	Limpopo Economic Development Agency Act, 2016
340.	Limpopo Environmental Management Act, 2003
341.	Limpopo Housing Act, 2006
342.	Limpopo Initiation Schools Act, 2016
343.	Limpopo Petitions Act, 2003
344.	Limpopo Political Party Fund Regulations, 2009
345.	Liquor
346.	Liquor Trading Days and Hours
347.	Liquor Trading Days and Hours
348.	Liquor Trading Days and Hours
349.	Liquor Trading Days and Hours
350.	Liquor Trading Days and Hours
351.	Liquor Trading Days and Hours for Sale of Liquor
352.	Liquor Trading Hours
353.	Liquor Trading Hours
354.	Liquor Trading Hours
355.	Management and Use of the Berg River Estuary
356.	Management of Premises Provided by the Municipality for Dwelling Purposes
357.	Market
358.	Milking sheds and the Transport of Milk
359.	Mpumalanga Cemeteries, Crematoria and Exhumation of Bodies Act, 2005
360.	Mpumalanga Commissions of Inquiry Act, 1998
361.	Mpumalanga Economic Growth Agency Act, 2010
362.	Mpumalanga Economic Regulator Act, 2017
363.	Mpumalanga Finance Act, 2012
364.	Mpumalanga Ingoma Act, 2011
365.	Mpumalanga Provincial Languages Act, 2014
366.	Mpumalanga Repeal and Application Act, 2006
367.	Mpumalanga Roads Act, 2008
368.	Municipal Land Use Planning
369.	Municipal Land Use Planning
370.	Municipal Land Use Planning
371.	Municipal Land Use Planning
372.	Municipal Land Use Planning
373.	Municipal Land Use Planning
374.	Municipal Land Use Planning
375.	Municipal Land Use Planning
376.	Municipal Land Use Planning
377.	Municipal Land Use Planning
378.	Municipal Land Use Planning
379.	Municipal Planning
380.	Municipal Planning
381.	Municipal Pound
382.	Municipal Premises and Facilities
383.	Municipal Property Rates
384.	Municipal Property Rates
385.	Municipal Property Rates
386.	Municipal Property Rates
387.	Municipal Property Rates
388.	Municipal Taxation: Surcharges
389.	Municipal Water Services
390.	National Norms and Standards for the Storage of Waste, 2013
391.	Nature Reserve By-law
392.	Noise
393.	Norms and standards for the performance of judicial functions, 2014
394.	North West Biodiversity Management Act, 2016
395.	North West Business Licensing Act, 2019
396.	North West Parks Board Act, 2015
397.	North West Petitions Regulations, 2011
398.	North West Pounds Act, 2010
399.	North West Provincial Languages Act, 2015
400.	North West Provincial Legislature Management Act, 2007
401.	North West Tourism Board Act, 2015
402.	North West Youth Entrepreneurship Services Fund Act, 2015
403.	Northern Cape Arts and Culture Council Act, 2013
404.	Northern Cape Consumer Protection Act, 2012
405.	Northern Cape Direct Charges Act, 2004
406.	Northern Cape Economic Development, Trade and Investment Promotion Agency Act, 2008
407.	Northern Cape Gambling and Liquor Act
408.	Northern Cape Legislature Service Act, 2011
409.	Northern Cape Legislature Witness Act, 2013
410.	Northern Cape Nature Conservation Act, 2009
411.	Northern Cape Petitions Act, 2009
412.	Northern Cape Provincial Archives Act, 2013
413.	Northern Cape Sport and Recreation Authority Act, 2015
414.	Northern Cape Tourism Entity Act, 2008
415.	Northern Cape Use of Official Languages Act, 2013
416.	Notice in Terms of Section 19(2) of the Defence Act, 2002
417.	Office of the Chief Justice: Directives for the Management of Courts During the National State of Disaster Period
418.	Ombudsman
419.	Outdoor Advertising
420.	Outdoor Advertising
421.	Outdoor Advertising and Signage
422.	Outdoor Advertising and Signage
423.	Outdoor Advertising and Signage
424.	Outdoor Advertising and Signage
425.	Outdoor Advertising, Heritage and Aesthetics
426.	Paarlberg Nature Reserve
427.	Parking Management
428.	Parking Meter
429.	Parking Meter
430.	Parking Meter
431.	Parks for Caravans and Mobile Homes
432.	Payment for and Control of Parking (was Parking Meters)
433.	Payment of Members of the Western Cape Provincial Legislature Law
434.	Placement on Parole of Selected Categories of Sentenced offenders
435.	Planning and Land Use Management
436.	Police Services
437.	Pounds
438.	Powers, Privileges and Immunities of the Free State Provincial Legislature Act, 2009
439.	Prevention and Combating of Hate Crimes and Hate Speech Act, 2023
440.	Prevention of Atmospheric Pollution
441.	Prevention of Public Nuisances and Nuisances Arising from the Keeping of Animals
442.	Prevention of Public Nuisances and Public Nuisances arising from the Keeping of Animals
443.	Problem Building
444.	Problem Buildings
445.	Problem Premises
446.	Property Rates
447.	Property Rates
448.	Property Rates
449.	Property Rates
450.	Property Rates
451.	Property Rates
452.	Property Rates
453.	Property Rates
454.	Property Rates
455.	Property Rates
456.	Property Rates
457.	Property Rates
458.	Property Rates
459.	Property Rates
460.	Property Rates
461.	Property Rates
462.	Property Rates
463.	Property Rates
464.	Property Rates
465.	Provincial Appropriation Act, 2023
466.	Provincial Tender Board Act, 1994
467.	Public Amenities
468.	Public Amenities
469.	Public Amenities
470.	Public Amenities
471.	Public Amenities
472.	Public Amenities
473.	Public Amenities
474.	Public Amenities
475.	Public Buses and Taxis
476.	Public Buses and Taxis
477.	Public Nuisances and the Keeping of Animals
478.	Public Nuisances and the Keeping of Animals
479.	Public Open Spaces
480.	Public Road, Electronic Communications Networks and Miscellaneous
481.	Public Swimming Pools
482.	Public Transport
483.	Rates
484.	Rates
485.	Rates
486.	Recreational Use of Beaches and Bathing Areas
487.	Recreational Water Use
488.	Refuse Removal
489.	Regulation of Outdoor Advertising
490.	Regulations Regarding the Impact of Severe Electricity Supply Constraint, 2023
491.	Regulations Relating to the Kwazulu-Natal Joint Municipal Pension Fund (Retirement), 2019
492.	Regulations Relating to the Kwazulu-Natal Joint Municipal Pension Fund (Superannuation), 2019
493.	Regulations Relating to the Kwazulu-Natal Joint Municipal Provident Fund, 2019
494.	Regulations for the Election of the 40% of Members of Traditional Councils, 2007
495.	Regulations on the Election of Members of the Eastern Cape Houses of Traditional Leaders, 2017
496.	Regulations relating to Child Justice, 2010
497.	Regulations relating to the Standards for Emergency Medical Services, 2022
498.	Regulations under Extension of Security of Tenure Act, 1998
499.	Regulations under section 109(1)(bA) of the Legal Practice Act, 2014
500.	Revenue
501.	Roads and Streets
502.	Roads and Streets
503.	Roads and Streets
504.	Roads and Streets
505.	Roads and Traffic
506.	Roads and Traffic
507.	Rules and Procedures of the Council and its Committee
508.	Rules for the Conduct of Meetings
509.	Rules for the Conduct of Meetings (Rules of Order)
510.	Rules of Order
511.	Rules of Order Regulating the Conduct of Meetings of the Council
512.	Rules of Order Regulating the Conduct of Meetings of the Portfolio Committees
513.	Rules of Order for Internal Arrangements
514.	Rules of Order for Internal Arrangements
515.	Rules of Order for Internal Arrangements
516.	Rules of Order for the Conduct of Meetings of the Council
517.	Rules of the National Assembly
518.	Scheduled Activities
519.	Solid Waste Disposal
520.	Solid Waste Disposal
521.	Spatial Planning and Land Use Management
522.	Spatial Planning and Land Use Management
523.	Spatial Planning and Land Use Management
524.	Special Rating Area
525.	Sporting Facilities
526.	Sporting Facilities
527.	Sporting Facilities
528.	Standing Rules and Orders for Council
529.	Storm Water Management
530.	Storm Water Management
531.	Stormwater Management
532.	Stormwater Management
533.	Street Trading
534.	Street Trading
535.	Streets
536.	Streets, Public Places and the Prevention of Noise Nuisances
537.	Submission of Building Plans
538.	Tariff
539.	Tariff
540.	Tariff
541.	Tariff
542.	Tariff
543.	Tariff
544.	Tariff
545.	Tariff
546.	Tariff
547.	Tariff
548.	Tariff
549.	Tariff
550.	Tariff
551.	Tariff
552.	Tariffs and Free Basic Services
553.	Traffic
554.	Transfer of Municipal Capital Assets
555.	Transfer of Municipal Capital Assets
556.	Unsightly and Neglected Buildings and Premises
557.	Use of Free State Official Languages Act, 2017
558.	Use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft and Model Aircraft in Public Open Spaces and Streets
559.	Walls and Fences
560.	Ward Committees
561.	Waste Management
562.	Waste Management
563.	Water
564.	Water
565.	Water Services
566.	Water Services
567.	Water Services
568.	Water Supply, Sanitation Services and Industrial Effluent
569.	Water Supply, Sanitation and Industrial Effluent
570.	Water and Sanitation Services
571.	Water and Sanitation Services
572.	Western Cape Biodiversity Act, 2021
573.	Western Cape Biosphere Reserves Act
574.	Western Cape Colleges of Education Law
575.	Western Cape Commissioner for Children Act, 2019
576.	Western Cape Health Care Waste Management Act
577.	Western Cape Independent Health Complaints Committee Act, 2014
578.	Western Cape Land Use Planning Regulations, 2015
579.	Western Cape Monitoring and Support of Municipalities Act, 2014
580.	Western Cape Privileges and Immunities of Councillors Act
581.	Western Cape Procurement (Business Interests of Employees) Act
582.	Western Cape Provincial Police Ombudsman Regulations, 2015
583.	Western Cape Provincial Transport Infrastructure Act, 2023
584.	Western Cape Technical Colleges Law
585.	Zoning Scheme

Gazette 333

1.	Eastern Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2021-11-29 number 4654
2.	Eastern Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2021-12-03 number 4657
3.	Eastern Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2021-12-06 number 4659
4.	Eastern Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-03-10 number 4700
5.	Eastern Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-04-11 number 4722
6.	Eastern Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-05-30 number 4749
7.	Eastern Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-13 number 4759
8.	Eastern Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-20 number 4761
9.	Eastern Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-27 number 4764
10.	Eastern Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-11 number 4769
11.	Eastern Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-09-12 number 4806
12.	Eastern Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-07-31 number 4961
13.	Eastern Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-10-09 number 4996
14.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2021-11-05 number 72
15.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2021-11-26 number 75
16.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2022-01-28 number 85
17.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2022-02-04 number 88
18.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2022-02-04 number 89
19.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2022-03-10 number 99
20.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2022-04-20 number 5
21.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2022-05-27 number 16
22.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-24 number 28
23.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-29 number 39
24.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-29 number 40
25.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2022-09-09 number 53
26.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2022-09-30 number 57
27.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2022-10-26 number 64
28.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2022-11-11 number 70
29.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2022-12-02 number 76
30.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2022-12-02 number 77
31.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2023-01-20 number 82
32.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2023-02-03 number 84
33.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2023-02-10 number 88
34.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2023-07-07 number 31
35.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2023-09-01 number 48
36.	Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2023-09-15 number 51
37.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2021-10-27 number 366
38.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2021-11-12 number 401
39.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2022-01-05 number 2
40.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2022-03-02 number 66
41.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2022-03-04 number 72
42.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2022-03-10 number 79
43.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2022-03-22 number 91
44.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2022-04-08 number 115
45.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2022-04-26 number 130
46.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2022-05-13 number 157
47.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-29 number 258
48.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-06 number 263
49.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-13 number 272
50.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2022-08-03 number 311
51.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2022-08-26 number 342
52.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2022-10-05 number 397
53.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2022-10-12 number 405
54.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2022-11-22 number 471
55.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2022-12-14 number 495
56.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2023-02-17 number 54
57.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2023-08-09 number 284
58.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2023-08-16 number 289
59.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2023-08-23 number 298
60.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2023-09-13 number 324
61.	Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2023-09-19 number 335
62.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2021-10-28 number 2332
63.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2021-11-11 number 2336
64.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2021-11-18 number 2340
65.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-01-27 number 2363
66.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-02-03 number 2365
67.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-02-17 number 2368
68.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-03-03 number 2373
69.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-03-10 number 2376
70.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-03-24 number 2381
71.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-04-14 number 2387
72.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-04-21 number 2389
73.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-04-28 number 2394
74.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-05-19 number 2401
75.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-05-26 number 2405
76.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-09 number 2412
77.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-16 number 2413
78.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-23 number 2416
79.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-24 number 2418
80.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-28 number 2421
81.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-30 number 2424
82.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-07 number 2425
83.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-14 number 2427
84.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-21 number 2432
85.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-28 number 2435
86.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-08-04 number 2436
87.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-08-11 number 2438
88.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-08-18 number 2443
89.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2022-08-25 number 2445
90.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2023-07-06 number 2569 part 1
91.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2023-07-13 number 2571 part 1
92.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2023-07-20 number 2572 part 1
93.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2023-07-27 number 2575 part 1
94.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2023-08-10 number 2579 part 1
95.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2023-08-17 number 2582 part 1
96.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2023-08-24 number 2584
97.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2023-09-28 number 2600
98.	KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2023-10-05 number 2603
99.	Limpopo Provincial Gazette dated 2021-10-29 number 3209
100.	Limpopo Provincial Gazette dated 2021-11-26 number 3218
101.	Limpopo Provincial Gazette dated 2022-02-04 number 3236
102.	Limpopo Provincial Gazette dated 2022-03-10 number 3247
103.	Limpopo Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-10 number 3278
104.	Limpopo Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-24 number 3289
105.	Limpopo Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-01 number 3295
106.	Limpopo Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-15 number 3302
107.	Limpopo Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-22 number 3309
108.	Limpopo Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-29 number 3312
109.	Limpopo Provincial Gazette dated 2022-08-05 number 3316
110.	Limpopo Provincial Gazette dated 2022-10-07 number 3334
111.	Limpopo Provincial Gazette dated 2023-03-03 number 3376
112.	Limpopo Provincial Gazette dated 2023-07-07 number 3414
113.	Limpopo Provincial Gazette dated 2023-07-21 number 3417
114.	Limpopo Provincial Gazette dated 2023-08-25 number 3432
115.	Limpopo Provincial Gazette dated 2023-09-29 number 3440
116.	Mpumalanga Provincial Gazette dated 2021-11-05 number 3322
117.	Mpumalanga Provincial Gazette dated 2021-12-03 number 3331
118.	Mpumalanga Provincial Gazette dated 2022-01-07 number 3339
119.	Mpumalanga Provincial Gazette dated 2022-01-14 number 3341
120.	Mpumalanga Provincial Gazette dated 2022-03-04 number 3358
121.	Mpumalanga Provincial Gazette dated 2022-03-10 number 3362
122.	Mpumalanga Provincial Gazette dated 2022-03-11 number 3361
123.	Mpumalanga Provincial Gazette dated 2022-05-27 number 3381
124.	Mpumalanga Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-17 number 3388
125.	Mpumalanga Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-01 number 3397
126.	Mpumalanga Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-29 number 3412
127.	Mpumalanga Provincial Gazette dated 2022-09-16 number 3438
128.	Mpumalanga Provincial Gazette dated 2022-09-23 number 3441
129.	Mpumalanga Provincial Gazette dated 2022-10-07 number 3446
130.	Mpumalanga Provincial Gazette dated 2023-08-04 number 3562
131.	North-West Provincial Gazette dated 2022-02-22 number 8325
132.	North-West Provincial Gazette dated 2022-03-10 number 8329
133.	North-West Provincial Gazette dated 2022-05-03 number 8349
134.	North-West Provincial Gazette dated 2022-05-31 number 8360
135.	North-West Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-28 number 8373
136.	North-West Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-29 number 8375
137.	North-West Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-05 number 8377
138.	North-West Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-08 number 8379
139.	North-West Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-12 number 8386
140.	North-West Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-22 number 8390
141.	North-West Provincial Gazette dated 2022-08-02 number 8398
142.	North-West Provincial Gazette dated 2022-08-05 number 8400
143.	North-West Provincial Gazette dated 2022-08-16 number 8404
144.	North-West Provincial Gazette dated 2022-09-06 number 8410
145.	North-West Provincial Gazette dated 2022-09-20 number 8416
146.	North-West Provincial Gazette dated 2022-09-27 number 8418
147.	North-West Provincial Gazette dated 2023-07-07 number 8530
148.	North-West Provincial Gazette dated 2023-09-12 number 8576
149.	Northern Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-03-10 number 2485
150.	Northern Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-27 number 2515
151.	Northern Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-04 number 2517
152.	Northern Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-25 number 2524
153.	Northern Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-09-25 number 2632
154.	South Africa Government Gazette Legal Notices A dated 2021-10-29 number 45387 part 1
155.	South Africa Government Gazette Legal Notices A dated 2021-11-05 number 45428 part 1
156.	South Africa Government Gazette Legal Notices A dated 2021-11-12 number 45456 part 1
157.	South Africa Government Gazette Legal Notices A dated 2021-11-19 number 45494 part 1
158.	South Africa Government Gazette Legal Notices A dated 2021-11-26 number 45534 part 1
159.	South Africa Government Gazette Legal Notices A dated 2022-01-21 number 45782 part 1
160.	South Africa Government Gazette Legal Notices A dated 2022-02-25 number 45948 part 1
161.	South Africa Government Gazette Legal Notices A dated 2022-03-18 number 46052 part 1
162.	South Africa Government Gazette Legal Notices A dated 2022-07-08 number 46678 part 1
163.	South Africa Government Gazette Regulation Gazette dated 2022-03-10 number 46026
164.	South Africa Government Gazette Regulation Gazette dated 2023-07-21 number 49010
165.	South Africa Government Gazette Regulation Gazette dated 2023-08-18 number 49136
166.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2021-10-27 number 45389
167.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2021-11-16 number 45496
168.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2021-11-19 number 45500 part 1
169.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2021-11-19 number 45504
170.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2021-11-26 number 45553
171.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2021-12-03 number 45568 part 1
172.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2021-12-10 number 45616
173.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2021-12-10 number 45628
174.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2021-12-15 number 45650
175.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2021-12-17 number 45649
176.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2021-12-22 number 45698
177.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2021-12-24 number 45690 part 1
178.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-01-19 number 45784
179.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-01-19 number 45785
180.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-01-28 number 45823
181.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-01-28 number 45825
182.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-02-10 number 45898
183.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-02-10 number 45899
184.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-02-18 number 45930
185.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-02-25 number 45954 part 1
186.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-02-28 number 45962
187.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-03-04 number 46000 part 1
188.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-03-09 number 46017
189.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-03-11 number 46032 part 1
190.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-03-22 number 46076
191.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-04-01 number 46167
192.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-04-06 number 46205
193.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-04-08 number 46211
194.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-04-14 number 46242 part 1
195.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-04-20 number 46250
196.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-04-22 number 46255 part 1
197.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-04-28 number 46287
198.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-04-28 number 46289
199.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-05-10 number 46347
200.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-05-27 number 46422 part 1
201.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-05-27 number 46426
202.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-06-03 number 46476
203.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-06-06 number 46506 part 1
204.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-06-10 number 46543 part 1
205.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-06-15 number 46549
206.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-06-24 number 46597
207.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-06-24 number 46602
208.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-06-30 number 46629
209.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-07-08 number 46683
210.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-07-08 number 46688
211.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-07-11 number 46689
212.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-07-11 number 46690
213.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-07-15 number 47019
214.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-07-19 number 47049
215.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-07-27 number 47097
216.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-07-29 number 47133 part 1
217.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-08-12 number 46705 part 1
218.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-08-17 number 46738
219.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-09-02 number 46847
220.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-09-06 number 46868
221.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-09-08 number 46873
222.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-09-09 number 46879
223.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-09-16 number 46917 part 1
224.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-09-23 number 46959 part 1
225.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-09-30 number 46991
226.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-10-07 number 47257 part 1
227.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-10-14 number 47302 part 1
228.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-10-14 number 47307
229.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-10-14 number 47309
230.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-10-28 number 47373 part 1
231.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-11-04 number 47448
232.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-11-09 number 47478
233.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-11-18 number 47538
234.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-11-22 number 47555
235.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-11-22 number 47558
236.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-11-25 number 47559 part 1
237.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-12-02 number 47632 part 1
238.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-12-09 number 47665 part 1
239.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2022-12-15 number 47729 part 1
240.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-01-05 number 47829
241.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-01-13 number 47855
242.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-01-20 number 47883 part 1
243.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-02-10 number 48017
244.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-02-20 number 48091
245.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-02-24 number 48104 part 1
246.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-03-03 number 48176
247.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-07-07 number 48916
248.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-07-07 number 48923
249.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-07-10 number 48932
250.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-07-21 number 49011 part 1
251.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-07-31 number 49052 part 1
252.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-08-04 number 49079 part 1
253.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-08-11 number 49105
254.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-08-11 number 49108 part 1
255.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-09-08 number 49283
256.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-09-13 number 49303
257.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-09-15 number 49312
258.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-09-27 number 49370 part 1
259.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-09-27 number 49372
260.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-09-27 number 49373
261.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-10-04 number 49406
262.	South Africa Government Gazette dated 2023-10-06 number 49407
263.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2021-11-12 number 8519
264.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2021-12-09 number 8527
265.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2021-12-14 number 8529
266.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2021-12-14 number 8530
267.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2021-12-15 number 8531
268.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-01-18 number 8534
269.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-02-08 number 8548
270.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-02-11 number 8549
271.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-02-14 number 8551
272.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-03-10 number 8562
273.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-03-11 number 8563
274.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-03-11 number 8565
275.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-04-01 number 8579
276.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-04-08 number 8580
277.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-04-08 number 8581
278.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-05-13 number 8591
279.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-02 number 8599
280.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-03 number 8600
281.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-03 number 8601
282.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-03 number 8602
283.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-10 number 8608
284.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-10 number 8609
285.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-10 number 8610
286.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-06-23 number 8616
287.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-05 number 8626
288.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-07 number 8627
289.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-15 number 8632
290.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-07-29 number 8640
291.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-08-05 number 8641
292.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-08-05 number 8642
293.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-08-19 number 8649
294.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-09-30 number 8664
295.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-11-04 number 8677
296.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-11-11 number 8679
297.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-11-11 number 8680
298.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-11-28 number 8689
299.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-12-09 number 8695
300.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2022-12-21 number 8699
301.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-01-13 number 8702
302.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-02-03 number 8712
303.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-02-13 number 8719
304.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-02-24 number 8723
305.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-03-14 number 8730
306.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-03-24 number 8734
307.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-04-04 number 8741
308.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-04-13 number 8743
309.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-04-21 number 8749
310.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-05-12 number 8755
311.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-05-12 number 8756
312.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-05-16 number 8757
313.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-05-19 number 8758
314.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-06-09 number 8767
315.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-06-09 number 8768
316.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-06-09 number 8769
317.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-06-23 number 8777
318.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-06-23 number 8778
319.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-06-23 number 8780
320.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-06-30 number 8784
321.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-06-30 number 8785
322.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-07-07 number 8790
323.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-07-07 number 8791
324.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-07-14 number 8793
325.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-07-14 number 8794
326.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-07-14 number 8795
327.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-07-20 number 8796
328.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-08-04 number 8804
329.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-08-11 number 8808
330.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-08-11 number 8809
331.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-08-11 number 8810
332.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-08-30 number 8818
333.	Western Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2023-09-28 number 8826

Case summary 12

1.	Case Summary: Special Investigating Unit v Phathalizwi Training Institute and Another
2.	Case Summary: M v S (Unreported) Case no. A343/2018 (14 May 2019) Western Cape Division of High Court (Cape Town)
3.	Case Summary: Mutero v S Judgment No. SC 53/18. Civil Appeal No SC 340/15. Supreme Court of Zimbabwe. 3 August 2018
4.	Case Summary: S v Malherbe 2020(1) SACR 277 (SCA)
5.	Case Summary: S v Masuku 2019 (1) SACR 276 (GJ)
6.	Case Summary: S v Mthombeni 2020 (2) SACR 384 (KZP)
7.	Case Summary: South African Broadcasting Corporation SOC Limited and Another v Former Chief Operations Officer: George Hlaudi Motsoeneng and Others
8.	Case Summary: Special Investigating Unit and Another v Ndlovu and Others
9.	Case Summary: Special Investigating Unit v Mlangeni Brothers and Another
10.	Case Summary: Special Investigating Unit v Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality Kwane Capital (Pty) Ltd Port St. Johns Local Municipality; In re: Special Investigating Unit v Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality Kwane Capital (Pty) Ltd Port St. Johns Local Municipality
11.	Case Summary: Special Investigating Unit v Zakheni Strategic Supplies (Pty) Ltd and Another
12.	Case Summary: Special Investigating Unit v Zeelwa Trading (Pty) Ltd and Another

Guide 5

1.	A Practical Approach to Evidence for Judicial Officers
2.	Case Summary: S v SN Case No. CC16/2022 ECD High Court Makhanda
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Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996

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Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996

Chapter 1Founding provisions

1. Republic of South Africa

2. Supremacy of Constitution

3. Citizenship

4. National anthem

5. National flag

6. Languages

Chapter 2Bill of Rights

7. Rights

8. Application

9. Equality

10. Human dignity

11. Life

12. Freedom and security of the person

13. Slavery, servitude and forced labour

14. Privacy

15. Freedom of religion, belief and opinion

16. Freedom of expression

17. Assembly, demonstration, picket and petition

18. Freedom of association

19. Political rights

20. Citizenship

21. Freedom of movement and residence

22. Freedom of trade, occupation and profession

23. Labour relations

24. Environment

25. Property

26. Housing

27. Health care, food, water and social security

28. Children

29. Education

30. Language and culture

31. Cultural, religious and linguistic communities

32. Access to information

33. Just administrative action

34. Access to courts

35. Arrested, detained and accused persons

36. Limitation of rights

37. States of emergency

Table of Non-Derogable Rights

38. Enforcement of rights

39. Interpretation of Bill of Rights

Chapter 3Co-operative government

40. Government of the Republic

41. Principles of co-operative government and intergovernmental relations

Chapter 4Parliament

42. Composition of Parliament

43. Legislative authority of the Republic

44. National legislative authority

45. Joint rules and orders and joint committees

The National Assembly

46. Composition and election

47. Membership

48. Oath or affirmation

49. Duration of National Assembly

50. Dissolution of National Assembly before expiry of its term

51. Sittings and recess periods

52. Speaker and Deputy Speaker

53. Decisions

54. Rights of certain Cabinet members and Deputy Ministers in the National Assembly

55. Powers of National Assembly

56. Evidence or information before National Assembly

57. Internal arrangements, proceedings and procedures of National Assembly

58. Privilege

59. Public access to and involvement in National Assembly

National Council of Provinces

60. Composition of National Council

61. Allocation of delegates

62. Permanent delegates

63. Sittings of National Council

64. Chairperson and Deputy Chairpersons

65. Decisions

66. Participation by members of national executive

67. Participation by local government representatives

68. Powers of National Council

Chapter 1
Founding provisions

Chapter 2
Bill of Rights

Chapter 3
Co-operative government

Chapter 4
Parliament

Chapter 5
The President and national executive

Chapter 6
Provinces